走进我的交易室 中英对照版-第33章
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I can hear a howl of protests from the crowd of vendors who make a good living from day…trading … brokers; software dealers; system sellers; etc。 They can roll out their examples of successful day…traders; as if that proves anything! Brilliant day…traders do exist; and I am friends with a handful of them myself。 Sadly; it’s a very small handful。
我能听见商家的强烈抗议,他们说有很多人能通过日内交易生存。商家是经纪人,销售软件的,销售交易系统的,等等。他们可以列出很多日内交易的成功案例,就好像证明了一切!出色的日内交易者确实存在,我的朋友中间就有好多个。可惜的是,还是太少了。
The chances of being a successful day…trader are very low because the channels on intraday charts are not high enough。 You must be a straight…A trader to make money out of those minute swings。 The slightest distraction; a bit of market noise; a slight slip of performance; and another day…trader bites the dust。
成为成功的日内交易者的概率很低,因为日线图的通道不够高。你必须是一个真正的A水平交易者,才能在分钟的波动里赚钱。一次不经意的分心,一个市场的噪音,一次不小心的操作,另外一个交易者都能导致失败。
Day…trading provides fantastic entertainment value。 Recreational athletes expect to pay for their sport rather than make money from it。 Recreational day…traders who expect to make money are deluding themselves into believing that they will reach their elbow with their teeth。 Maybe tomorrow 。。。。
日内交易提供了精彩的娱乐价值。杂技演员期望的是对体育精神的回报,而不是赚钱。杂技性的日内交易者期望赚钱,其实是被迷惑了,就像以为可以用牙齿咬到手肘一样。也许以后可以……
MACD…Histogram
MACD柱
MACD stands for Moving Average Convergence Divergence。 This indicator was developed by Gerald Appel; who bined three moving averages into two MACD lines。 We can enhance MACD by plotting it as a histogram; reflecting the distance between those lines。 It helps identify trends and rate the power of bulls and bears。 It is one of the best tools in technical analysis for catching reversals。
MACD就是指数平滑异动移动平均线。这个指标是热拉尔·阿佩尔发明的,他把3条均线合并成 2条MACD线。我们把MACD增强了,画成柱状图,反映了那些线之间的距离。它帮助确认趋势,给上涨和下跌打分。技术分析时,它是抓反转最好的工具。
Before we use any indicator; we must understand how it is constructed and what it measures。 As noted before; each price represents a momentary consensus of value of market participants。 A moving average shows us the average consensus of value during a selected period of time。 A fast moving average reflects the average consensus during a short period of time; and a slow moving average during a longer period of time。 MACD…Histogram measures changes in consensus by tracking the spread between fast and slow moving averages。
在我们使用任何指标前,都要知道它是如何构成的,是计算什么的。之前说过,每个价格代表市场参与者对价值的一致认同。均线表明了一段时间内对价值一致认同的平均值。快速变动的均线反映了短期内一直认同的平均值,慢速运动的均线反映了长期的平均值。MACD柱通过跟踪快速均线和慢速均线来计算一致认同的变化。
Appel used three exponential moving averages to create MACD:
阿佩尔利用3条指数移动平均线来产生MACD:
1。 Calculate a 12…day EMA of closing prices。
2。 Calculate a 26…day EMA of closing prices。
3。 Subtract the 26…day EMA from the 12…day EMA … this is the fast or MACD line。
4。 Calculate a 9…day EMA of the fast line … this is the slow or signal line。
计算12日均线的收盘价。
计算26日均线的收盘价。
用12日均线减去26日均线——这是快速或者是MACD线。
计算9日均线的值——这是慢速或者是信号线。
The values of 12; 26; and 9 have bee standard numbers; used as defaults in most software packages。 My testing shows that changing these values has little impact on MACD signals; unless you go way out on a limb and seriously distort their relationships by more than doubling one but not the others。 If you track several markets and do not have the time to customize your indicators; you can accept the default values of MACD。 If you follow only a few markets; it makes sense to experiment with higher and lower MACD values to find those that more closely track turning points in your stocks or futures。 If your software doesn’t include MACD; you may use two EMAs (for example; 12…day and 26…day) in lieu of the fast and slow MACD lines。 Then apply the MACD…Histogram formula; on the next page; to the spread between those two averages。
12,26和9的值是标准值,大部分软件都是默认的。我的测试表明改变这些数值对MACD的信号影响不大,除非你自己自找麻烦,非要把一个数字加倍,而其它数字不变。如果你同时跟踪几个市场,没有时间调整自己的指标,可以接受默认的MACD设置。如果你只跟踪少数几个市场,那么调整MACD的最大值和最小值,以找到最好的反转跟踪方法,就显得很有意义。如果你的软件没有MACD,你可以用2条均线(比如12日和26日)来代替快速和慢速的MACD线。然后用上MACD柱公式代入下面2条均线之间的距离。
Figure 5。8 MACD Lines
图5。8 MACD线
Entry and exit signals are rarely symmetrical。 The indicator that gives you good entry signals is usually not the best indicator for exits; some other tool will do a better job。 MACD lines give entry signals when the fast line crosses the slow line。 If the fast line crosses above; it gives a signal to go long。 When it crosses below; it gives a signal to sell short。 Waiting for a crossover in the opposite direction to close out a position is not a good idea because by that time a lion’s share of profits will have evaporated。
进场和出场信号很少对称。让你进场的指标信号通常不是最好的出场指标,其它工具会做这个工作。当MACD快线穿过慢线时,就给了进场信号。当快线自下上涨穿过时,它的信号是做多。当快线自上下跌穿过时,它的信号是做空。等它们在反向穿过时平仓的想法并不好,等到了那个时候利润早就没了。
Can you find a trading system in this chart? MACD lines tell you to enter at the crossover; but how will you decide when to exit? What tools can you use to find out when a market surge is starting to fade and hop off with profit?
你能在本图中找到交易系统吗?MACD线告诉你交叉时进场,但是你如何出场呢?你能找到工具,带着利润在波动结束时出场吗?
At the right edge of the chart MACD lines are in a buy mode; with a fast line above the slow and both rising。 Prices are hovering above the EMA … an overvalued level。 Buying at the right edge would mean taking a “greater fool theory” trade。 Placing a buy order in the vicinity of the rising EMA would allow us to buy value。
在图右边,MACD线是买入模式,快线在慢线之上,2条线都在涨。价格在均线之上——超买的状态。在图的右边买入就意味着相信“傻瓜理论”。在上涨的均线附近买入才是买入价值。
The fast line of MACD reflects a short…term consensus of value; while the slow signal line reflects a longer…term consensus。 When the fast line rises above the slow line; it shows that market participants are being more bullish。 When bulls are being stronger; it is a good time to get long。 When the fast line of MACD falls below the slow line; it shows that market participants are being bearish。 When bears bee stronger; it is a good time to get short。 MACD lines follow trends; and their crossovers mark trend reversals。 Like all trend…following indicators; they work best when markets are moving but lead to whipsaws during choppy periods。 We can make MACD more useful by converting it into MACD…Histogram。
MACD的快线反映了短期对价值的一致认同,慢线则反映了长期的一致认同。当快线上涨到慢线之上,它表明市场参与者变成多头了。当多头越来越强,此时最好做多。当快线下跌到慢线之下,它表明市场参与者变成空头了。当空头越来越强,此时最好做空。MACD线跟踪趋势,它们的交叉表明趋势的反转。就像所有的趋势跟踪指标,在市场波动的时候,它们表现最好,在振荡时期,它们就变成了锯齿状。我们可以把MACD变成更有用的MACD柱。
MACD…Histogram = Fast MACD line … Slow signal line
MACD柱=MACD快线…慢信号线
MACD…Histogram measures the spread between short…term and long…term moving averages and plots it as a histogram。 It reflects the difference between short…term and long…term consensus of value。 Some software packages include MACD lines but not MACD…Histogram。 In that case; run MACD lines; return to the menu and run an indicator called spread (or similar); which should measure the spread between the two lines and plot it as a histogram。
MACD柱计算短期和长期均线之间的距离,然后用柱状图表示。它反映了短期和长期内对价值的一致认同。一些软件有MACD,但没有MACD柱。如果这样,运行MACD,回到菜单,运行一个叫高度(或类似的)的指标,这个指标可以计算2条线之间的距离并用柱状图表示。
When you look at MACD lines; their spread may appear tiny; but MACD… Histogram rescales it to fit the screen。 The slope of MACD…Histogram shows whether bulls or bears are growing stronger。 That slope is defined by the relationship between the two latest bars。 When the bars of MACD…Histogram rise (like the pattern of letters g…G); they show that the crowd is being bullish … it is a good time to be long。 When the slope of MACD…Histogram declines (like in letters Q…q); it shows that the crowd is being bearish … it is a good time to be short。
当你看MACD线时,它们的距离也许很小,但是MACD柱会重新计算,在屏幕上显示出来。MACD柱的坡度表明了多头或空头的强势。这个坡度定义为最后2个柱状图的关系。当MACD柱上涨(模式像字母g…G),它们表明大众开始变成多头了——此时最好做多。当MACD柱下跌(像字母Q…q),它表明大众开始变成空头了——此时最好做空。
Figure 5。9 MACD…Histogram
图5。9 MACD柱
A very powerful signal of MACD…Histogram; which occurs only once or twice per year on a daily chart; is a divergence between the indicator peaks or bottoms and price extremes。 In area A the Euro grinds down to a low of 84 cents and MACD…Histogram confirms that low by tracing its own bottom; A。 Prices rally into area B; and a strong rally of MACD…Histogram confirms its strength。 It rises to a new multi…month high; showing that bulls are being stronger below the surface of the bear market。 Prices trace a double top in area B。 The second top of MACD…Histogram in that area is a little lower than the first; warning of the imminent resumption of the downtrend。 So far; the indicator and prices are in gear; but from this point they diverge。
一个强烈的MACD柱信号,每年只会在日线图上发生1次或2次,它发生在指标顶或底与价格之间的最大背离。在区域A,欧元跌到了底部的84分,MACD柱跌到底部,确认了这个底部A。价格反弹到区域B,强烈的MACD柱反弹,确认了这个力度。它上涨到几个月的新高,表明在空头市场中多头变得强壮起来。价格在B形成双头。MACD柱在那里的第二个顶比第一个顶低一点点,警告空头的继续。在这之前,指标和价格都配合得很好,但是到这里就产生了背离。
In area C prices crash to a new bear market low; while MACD…Histogram stops just below its centerline; creating a more shallow bottom than during its previous decline。 When it ticks up from that low; it pletes the bullish divergence and shows that bears have run out of steam and bulls are taking over。
在区域C,价格崩跌到新的底部,然而MACD柱只是在中轴下面停住了,比上一次的下跌底浅多了。当它从那个底部上涨时,它完成了看涨背离,表明上涨已经结束,空头占优势。
When two or three diverse technical tools flash the same message; they confirm one another。 Notice that prices have traced a false downside breakout in area C。 That breakout has cleaned out stops placed by bulls and sucked in the most rabid bears who shorted。 Premature bulls have been shaken out; late bears have been trapped; and the upside reversal is plete。 Those trapped bears will have to cover shorts when they can no longer stand the pain; adding fuel to the rally。
当2个或3个不同的技术工具发出相同的信息,它们互相确认。注意价格在区域C形成了一个下跌的假突