走进我的交易室 中英对照版-第56章
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修改公式,防止它在下跌的市场向上移动止损。如果公式叫我们向上移动止损,我们就不动。到表格R16,输入公式=MIN(Q14:Q16),顺着本栏向下复制。它会防止连续3天向上移动止损,此时,要么继续下跌,要么止损被激活。
Figure 6。8 SafeZone Stops … Uptrend
图6。8 安全区域止损——上涨趋势
To use SafeZone with your favorite stock or future during an uptrend; begin by multiplying the average downside penetration by the factor of three; and subtracting that from the low of the latest bar。 Putting your stop closer than the average level of noise means asking for trouble; and even twice the average level is often too close。 Once your system identifies an uptrend; SafeZone starts following prices; getting you out before the trend reverses。 You can see that SafeZone stop was hit at points A; B; C; and D; catching the bulk of the uptrend and avoiding downdrafts。
在你喜欢的股票或期货上涨时使用安全区域,开始把平均下跌穿过乘以3,然后用最新的竹线最低价减去这个值。在噪音附近下止损单是自找麻烦, 一般2倍的平均下跌穿过太近了。一旦你的系统确认了上涨,安全区域开始跟踪价格,在趋势反转前让你提前出场。你能看见安全区域止损碰到了A,B,C,D点,抓住了大部分的上涨,避免了下跌。
The right edge of the chart illustrates why it is a good idea never to hold a stock below its SafeZone level。 JEC is in a free fall; wiping out the profits of a month in just two days … a trader using SafeZone cashed out early in the decline。
在图的右边说明了为什么不要在安全区域以下持有是好主意。JEC公司下跌了,2天时间把1个月的利润洗没了——使用安全区域的交易者在下跌开始的时候就兑现利润了。
SafeZone offers an original approach to placing stops。 It monitors changes in prices and adapts stops to the current levels of activity。 It places stops at individually tailored distances rather than at obvious support and resistance levels。
安全区域提供了原始的下止损单的方法。它监视价格的变化,在此水平下止损。它不会在明显的支撑区和压力区止损,而是在一般人不注意的位置止损。
SafeZone works on the way down just as well as on the way up。 Here we count each upside penetration of the previous day’s range during a selected time window and average that data to find the Average Upside Penetration。 We multiply it by a coefficient; starting with 3; and add that to the high of each bar。
在上涨和下跌时安全区域同样适用。方法是,找到一段时间以来的上涨穿过前一天的距离,取得平均数,就是平均上涨穿过。再乘以系数,从3开始,然后加到竹线的最高点。
Like all systems and indicators in this book; SafeZone is not a mechanical gadget to replace independent thought。 You have to establish the lookback period; the window of time during which SafeZone is calculated。 Do not go back beyond the last important turning point。 If the market has reversed from down to up two weeks ago; then SafeZone for the current long trades should not look back more than 10 trading days。
就像本书中的其它系统和指标一样,安全区域不能代替独立思考。你必须建立天数这个参数,也就是安全区域计算的时间段。不要超过了最近的重要反转点。如果市场在2周前从下跌反转到上涨,那么安全区域所用的天数不能超过10天。
Figure 6。9 SafeZone Stops … Downtrend
图6。9 安全区域止损——下跌趋势
Once your system identifies a downtrend; SafeZone helps you ride your short position all the way down; covering before a rally starts eating into your profits。 Notice how SafeZone rode the decline in FCEL; constantly lowering its stop; until taken out by a rally at point A。
一旦你的系统确认了下跌趋势,安全区域帮助你一路做空,在上涨开始吃掉你的利润前回补。请注意安全区域是如何在FCEL工作的,不断向下移动止损,直到在A点被反弹扫掉。
At the right edge of the chart; the downtrend continues; with SafeZone protecting a short position。 It is safe to hold shorts with a close stop。
在图的右边,继续下跌,而安全区域在保护空头仓位。做空时有止损紧跟着是安全的。
Another important decision is choosing the coefficient for the SafeZone stop。 Usually; a coefficient between two and three provides a margin of safety; but you must research it on your own market data。 Once you have done your homework and tweaked this indicator; it will bee your own private tool in the battle for survival and success in the markets。 You can add it to almost any trading system; including Triple Screen。
另外一个重要决定就是安全区域止损的系数。通常2——3能保证安全,但是你必须用自己的数据做研究。一旦你自己做了功课,调整了指标,它就会成为你的私人工具,在生存和成功的市场中帮你战斗。你可以把它加到任何系统中,包括三重滤网。
The Chandelier Exit
吊灯止损
When a trend speeds up; you may want to shift gears and ride it instead of trading swings。 Catching swings calls for tight stops; but a longer…term position demands more breathing room。 The Chandelier Exit is designed to protect such positions。
当趋势加速时,你也许希望能换挡,继续持有,而不是上下交易。上下交易需要很紧的止损,当长期趋势则需要呼吸空间。吊灯止损就是为这样的仓位设计的。
When buyers place stops; they usually count back from the lows and put stops below recent important bottoms。 When traders go short; they usually count back from the highs and place stops above the recent peaks。 The Chandelier Exit takes a different approach。 When traders are long; it hangs their stops from the highest peak reached by that trend; like a chandelier hangs from the tallest point in the room。 As prices move up; the Chandelier Exit; suspended from the highest point of that trend; also rises。 It tracks volatility as well as prices; as its distance from the peak grows with the rise in volatility。 We will review Chandelier Exits for uptrends; but you may reverse these rules and apply them to downtrends。
当买家下止损单时,通常他们回到最近的低位,在最近的重要底部下面下止损。当交易者做空时,通常他们回到最近的高位,在最近的顶峰上面下止损。吊灯止损采用不同的方法。当交易者做多时,止损从最高点挂到趋势上,就像吊灯挂在房间的最高点。当价格上涨,吊灯止损,掉在趋势的最高点,也上涨。当它随着价格上涨时,它跟踪波动。我们认为吊灯止损是上涨的,但是下跌时反之。
There is no telling how high a trend may go; and a Chandelier will rise until prices peel off from the ceiling and hit that stop。 This method; along with several others; was presented by Chuck LeBeau in our Traders’ Camp in January 2000 in the Caribbean and again in March 2001 in the Pacific。
没有说趋势要走到哪里,吊灯止损会上涨,直到价格到顶,碰到止损。这个方法和其它几个方法是我们交易者训练营的查克·勒博2000年1月在加勒比海提出的,2001年3月在太平洋又提出一次。
The Chandelier Exit draws on the concept of Average True Range; described by Welles Wilder in 1966。 The True Range is the greatest of the three figures … the distance between today’s high and low; or today’s high and yesterday’s close; or today’s low and yesterday’s close。 The True Range reflects overnight volatility by paring today’s and yesterday’s prices。
吊灯止损借用了威尔斯·韦尔德在1966年描述的真实波动幅度均值。真实波动幅度是3个数字里面最伟大的——今天最高点和最低点的距离,或是今天的最高点和昨天收盘价的距离,或是今天最低价和昨天收盘价的距离。真实波动幅度反映了今天和昨天的波动。
The True Range is included in many software packages。 The Average True Range (ATR) is obtained by averaging True Range over a period of time。 How long a period? You can begin by looking back a month; but a modern puterized trader can easily test different lookback periods for Average True Range。
很多软件里面都有真实波动幅度。真实波动幅度是计算一段时间真实波动幅度的平均值得到的。多长时间是一段时间?你可以从一个月开始,但是有电脑的交易者可以轻松地测试不同的时间段。
The Chandelier Exit subtracts the Average True Range; multiplied by a coefficient; from the highest point reached by the trend。 Its formula is:
吊灯止损利用了真实波动幅度的理论,乘以一个系数,从最高点到趋势,公式为:
Chandelier = HP … coef · ATR
where
Chandelier = the Chandelier Exit
HP = the highest point for a selected number of days
Coef = the coefficient; selected by the trader
ATR = Average True Range for a selected number of days
吊灯=HP…系数·ATR
吊灯=吊灯止损
Coef=系数,交易者自己选择
ATR=一段时间的真实波动幅度
If an uptrend is boiling and daily ranges are wide; then stops fall a little farther away。 If the uptrend is quiet and calm with more narrow ranges; the stops inch a little closer。
如果上涨趋势很振荡,日波动幅度很宽,那么止损就会比较远。如果上涨趋势很平静,日波动很窄,那么止损比较接近。
In Windows on Wallstreet software; the formula for the Chandelier Exit is:
在“华尔街”软件里,吊灯止损的公式为:
Hhv(hi; 22) … 3 · ATR(22)
Hhv(hi; 22) is the highest high reached in the past 22 days and ATR(22) is the Average True Range for the past 22 days。 Try to test other parameters in the markets you like to trade。
Hhv(hi; 22)是过去22天最高价,ATR(22)是过去22天真实波动幅度均值。尽量在你喜欢的市场测试更多参数。
This formula multiplies the Average True Range by three before subtracting it from the high of the past 22 trading days。 A serious trader is passionate about his research。 Such a person will immediately notice that this formula contains three variables … the length of the lookback period for the highest high; the length of the lookback period for the True Range; and the coefficient for multiplying Average True Range。 It probably doesn’t pay to fiddle with the first variable; as the highest high in a runaway uptrend is likely to be close to the right edge and most lookback periods catch it。 The Average True Range is only slightly more sensitive to the length of its lookback period。 A more fertile ground for experimenting is the ATR coefficient。 If everyone has their stops at 3 ATRs below the peak; wouldn’t you like to see what happens if you set your stop at 3。5 or 2。5?
真实波动幅度均值先乘以3,再被22天最高价减去。一个认真的交易者会对自己的研究痴迷。这样的人会立刻发现这个公式包含了3个变量——包含最高价的一段时间的天数,一段时间的真实波动幅度,一个系数。第一个变量可以不管,因为上涨时的最高点应该很接近现在,如何天数都可以。真实波动幅度均线对时间的天数有点敏感。真实波动幅度均线的系数也要多次测试。如果每个人的系数都是3倍,那么如果你设置为3。5或2。5倍会如何呢,你想知道吗?
The Chandelier Exit can be used to trail profits on short positions in runaway downtrends。 There the formula bees:
吊灯止损可以在下跌趋势中跟踪空头仓位的利润。这是公式:
Llv(lo; 22) + 3 · ATR(22)
Llv(lo; 22) is the lowest low reached in the past 22 days and ATR(22) is the True Range for the past 22 days。
Llv(lo; 22)是过去22天的最低价,ATR(22)是过去22天的真实波动幅度均值。
Figure 6。10 The Chandelier Exit
图6。10 吊灯止损
In an uptrend; the Chandelier Exit hangs from its uppermost point; 3 Average True Ranges below the extreme。 It does a good job of helping catch the bulk of the uptrend; stopping traders out and protecting profits at points A; B; and C。 Notice that as volatility increases the Chandelier gives a stock a little wider stop; receding from prices。
在上涨趋势中,吊灯止损从最高点吊下来,离极限价格的距离是3倍的真实波动幅度均值。它能帮助抓到大波动,止损,在A,B,C点保护利润。请注意当波动激烈时,吊灯的止损变宽了,在价格下面。
At the right edge of the chart; the Chandelier Exit has taken profits just as the decline got under way。 Wait until your system gives you a new buy signal; and when it does; hang a new Chandelier on that trend。
在图的右边,当价格下跌时,吊灯止损已经兑现了利润。继续等待,直到你的系统给出新的信号,那时再用新的吊灯止损。
Experienced traders sometimes joke that bear markets have no support and bull markets no resistance。 A runaway tr