论语(英文版)-第2章

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hall　of　the　three　families？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　man　be　without　the　virtues　proper　to　humanity；　whathas　he　to　do　with　the　rites　of　propriety？　if　a　man　be　without　the　virtues　properto　humanity；　what　has　he　to　do　with　music？〃
　　lin　fang　asked　what　was　the　first　thing　to　be　attended　to　in　ceremonies。
　　the　master　said；　〃a　great　question　indeed！
　　〃in　festive　ceremonies；　it　is　better　to　be　sparing　than　extravagant。　in　theceremonies　of　mourning；　it　is　better　that　there　be　deep　sorrow　than　in　minuteattention　to　observances。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　rude　tribes　of　the　east　and　north　have　their　princes；and　are　not　like　the　states　of　our　great　land　which　are　without　them。〃
　　the　chief　of　the　chi　family　was　about　to　sacrifice　to　the　t'ai　mountain。　themaster　said　to　zan　yu；　〃can　you　not　save　him　from　this？〃　he　answered；　〃icannot。〃　confucius　said；　〃alas！　will　you　say　that　the　t'ai　mountain　is　not　sodiscerning　as　lin　fang？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　student　of　virtue　has　no　contentions。　if　it　be　said　hecannot　avoid　them；　shall　this　be　in　archery？　but　he　bows　plaisantly　to　hispetitors；　thus　he　ascends　the　hall；　descends；　and　exacts　the　forfeit　ofdrinking。　in　his　contention；　he　is　still　the　chun…tsze。〃
　　tsze…hsia　asked；　saying；　〃what　is　the　meaning　of　the　passage…'the　prettydimples　of　her　artful　smile！　the　well…defined　black　and　white　of　her　eye！　theplain　ground　for　the　colors？'〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　business　of　laying　on　the　colors　follows　thepreparation　of　the　plain　ground。〃
　　〃ceremonies　then　are　a　subsequent　thing？〃　the　master　said；　〃it　is　shang　whocan　bring　out　my　meaning。　now　i　can　begin　to　talk　about　the　odes　with　him。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　could　describe　the　ceremonies　of　the　hsia　dynasty；　butchi　cannot　sufficiently　attest　my　words。　i　could　describe　the　ceremonies　of　theyin　dynasty；　but　sung　cannot　sufficiently　attest　my　words。　they　cannot　do　sobecause　of　the　insufficiency　of　their　records　and　wise　men。　if　those　weresufficient；　i　could　adduce　them　in　support　of　my　words。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃at　the　great　sacrifice；　after　the　pouring　out　of　thelibation；　i　have　no　wish　to　look　on。〃
　　some　one　asked　the　meaning　of　the　great　sacrifice。　the　master　said；　〃i　donot　know。　he　who　knew　its　meaning　would　find　it　as　easy　to　govern　the　kingdom　asto　look　on　this〃…pointing　to　his　palm。
　　he　sacrificed　to　the　dead；　as　if　they　were　present。　he　sacrificed　to　thespirits；　as　if　the　spirits　were　present。
　　the　master　said；　〃i　consider　my　not　being　present　at　the　sacrifice；　as　if　idid　not　sacrifice。〃
　　wang…sun　chia　asked；　saying；　〃what　is　the　meaning　of　the　saying；　'it　isbetter　to　pay　court　to　the　furnace　then　to　the　southwest　corner？'〃
　　the　master　said；　〃not　so。　he　who　offends　against　heaven　has　none　to　whom　hecan　pray。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃chau　had　the　advantage　of　viewing　the　two　past　dynasties。how　plete　and　elegant　are　its　regulations！　i　follow　chau。〃
　　the　master；　when　he　entered　the　grand　temple；　asked　about　everything。　someone　said；　〃who　say　that　the　son　of　the　man　of　tsau　knows　the　rules　of　propriety！he　has　entered　the　grand　temple　and　asks　about　everything。〃　the　master　heard　theremark；　and　said；　〃this　is　a　rule　of　propriety。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　archery　it　is　not　going　through　the　leather　which　isthe　principal　thing；…because　people's　strength　is　not　equal。　this　was　the　oldway。〃
　　tsze…kung　wished　to　do　away　with　the　offering　of　a　sheep　connected　with　theinauguration　of　the　first　day　of　each　month。
　　the　master　said；　〃ts'ze；　you　love　the　sheep；　i　love　the　ceremony。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　full　observance　of　the　rules　of　propriety　in　servingone's　prince　is　accounted　by　people　to　be　flattery。〃
　　the　duke　ting　asked　how　a　prince　should　employ　his　ministers；　and　howministers　should　serve　their　prince。　confucius　replied；　〃a　prince　should　employhis　minister　according　to　according　to　the　rules　of　propriety；　ministers　shouldserve　their　prince　with　faithfulness。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　kwan　tsu　is　expressive　of　enjoyment　without　beinglicentious；　and　of　grief　without　being　hurtfully　excessive。〃
　　the　duke　ai　asked　tsai　wo　about　the　altars　of　the　spirits　of　the　land。　tsaiwo　replied；　〃the　hsia　sovereign　planted　the　pine　tree　about　them；　the　men　of　theyin　planted　the　cypress；　and　the　men　of　the　chau　planted　the　chestnut　tree；meaning　thereby　to　cause　the　people　to　be　in　awe。〃
　　when　the　master　heard　it；　he　said；　〃things　that　are　done；　it　is　needless　tospeak　about；　things　that　have　had　their　course；　it　is　needless　to　remonstrateabout；　things　that　are　past；　it　is　needless　to　blame。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃small　indeed　was　the　capacity　of　kwan　chung！〃
　　some　one　said；　〃was　kwan　chung　parsimonious？〃　〃kwan；〃　was　the　reply；　〃hadthe　san　kwei；　and　his　officers　performed　no　double　duties；　how　can　he　beconsidered　parsimonious？〃
　　〃then；　did　kwan　chung　know　the　rules　of　propriety？〃　the　master　said；　〃theprinces　of　states　have　a　screen　intercepting　the　view　at　their　gates。　kwan　hadlikewise　a　screen　at　his　gate。　the　princes　of　states　on　any　friendly　meetingbetween　two　of　them；　had　a　stand　on　which　to　place　their　inverted　cups。　kwan　hadalso　such　a　stand。　if　kwan　knew　the　rules　of　propriety；　who　does　not　know　them？〃
　　the　master　instructing　the　grand　music　master　of　lu　said；　〃how　to　play　musicmay　be　known。　at　the　mencement　of　the　piece；　all　the　parts　should　soundtogether。　as　it　proceeds；　they　should　be　in　harmony　while　severally　distinct　andflowing　without　break；　and　thus　on　to　the　conclusion。〃
　　the　border　warden　at　yi　requested　to　be　introduced　to　the　master；　saying；〃when　men　of　superior　virtue　have　e　to　this；　i　have　never　been　denied　theprivilege　of　seeing　them。〃　the　followers　of　the　sage　introduced　him；　and　when　hecame　out　from　the　interview；　he　said；　〃my　friends；　why　are　you　distressed　byyour　master's　loss　of　office？　the　kingdom　has　long　been　without　the　principlesof　truth　and　right；　heaven　is　going　to　use　your　master　as　a　bell　with　its　woodentongue。〃
　　the　master　said　of　the　shao　that　it　was　perfectly　beautiful　and　alsoperfectly　good。　he　said　of　the　wu　that　it　was　perfectly　beautiful　but　notperfectly　good。
　　the　master　said；　〃high　station　filled　without　indulgent　generosity；ceremonies　performed　without　reverence；　mourning　conducted　without　sorrow；…wherewith　should　i　contemplate　such　ways？〃
　　4
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　virtuous　manners　which　constitute　the　excellence　ofa　neighborhood。　if　a　man　in　selecting　a　residence　do　not　fix　on　one　where　suchprevail；　how　can　he　be　wise？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃those　who　are　without　virtue　cannot　abide　long　either　in　acondition　of　poverty　and　hardship；　or　in　a　condition　of　enjoyment。　the　virtuousrest　in　virtue；　the　wise　desire　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　only　the　truly　virtuous　man；　who　can　love；　or　whocan　hate；　others。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　the　will　be　set　on　virtue；　there　will　be　no　practice　ofwickedness。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃riches　and　honors　are　what　men　desire。　if　they　cannot　beobtained　in　the　proper　way；　they　should　not　be　held。　poverty　and　meanness　arewhat　men　dislike。　if　they　cannot　be　avoided　in　the　proper　way；　they　should　notbe　avoided。
　　〃if　a　superior　man　abandon　virtue；　how　can　he　fulfill　the　requirements　ofthat　name？
　　〃the　superior　man　does　not；　even　for　the　space　of　a　single　meal；　actcontrary　to　virtue。　in　moments　of　haste；　he　cleaves　to　it。　in　seasons　of　danger；he　cleaves　to　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　have　not　seen　a　person　who　loved　virtue；　or　one　whohated　what　was　not　virtuous。　he　who　loved　virtue；　would　esteem　nothing　above　it。he　who　hated　what　is　not　virtuous；　would　practice　virtue　in　such　a　way　that　hewould　not　allow　anything　that　is　not　virtuous　to　approach　his　person。
　　〃is　any　one　able　for　one　day　to　apply　his　strength　to　virtue？　i　have　notseen　the　case　in　which　his　strength　would　be　insufficient。
　　〃should　there　possibly　be　any　such　case；　i　have　not　seen　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　faults　of　men　are　characteristic　of　the　class　to　whichthey　belong。　by　observing　a　man's　faults；　it　may　be　known　that　he　is　virtuous。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　man　in　the　morning　hear　the　right　way；　he　may　die　inthe　evening　hear　regret。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　scholar；　whose　mind　is　set　on　truth；　and　who　is　ashamedof　bad　clothes　and　bad　food；　is　not　fit　to　be　discoursed　with。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man；　in　the　world；　does　not　set　his　mindeither　for　anything；　or　against　anything；　what　is　right　he　will　follow。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　thinks　of　virtue；　the　small　man　thinks　offort。　the　superior　man　thinks　of　the　sanctions　of　law；　the　small　man　thinksof　favors　which　he　may　receive。〃
　　the　master　said：　〃he　who　acts　with　a　constant　view　to　his　own　advantage　willbe　much　murmured　against。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　prince　is　able　to　govern　his　kingdom　with　theplaisance　proper　to　the　rules　of　propriety；　what　difficulty　will　he　have？　ifhe　cannot　govern　it　with　that　plaisance；　what　has　he　to　do　with　the　rules　ofpropriety？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　man　should　say；　i　am　not　concerned　that　i　have　no　place；i　am　concerned　how　i　may　fit　myself　for　one。　i　am　not　concerned　that　i　am　notknown；　i　seek　to　be　worthy　to　be　known。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃shan；　my　doctrine　is　that　of　an　all…pervading　unity。〃　thedisciple　tsang　replied；　〃yes。〃
　　the　master　went　out；　and　the　other　disciples　asked；　saying；　〃what　do　hiswords　mean？〃　tsang　said；　〃the　doctrine　of　our　master　is　to　be　true　to　theprinciples…of　our　nature　and　the　benevolent　exercise　of　them　to　others；…this　andnothing　more。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　mind　of　the　superior　man　is　conversant　withrighteousness；　the　mind　of　the　mean　man　is　conversant　with　gain。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　we　see　men　of　worth；　we　should　think　of　equaling　them；when　we　see　men　of　a　contrary　character；　we　should　turn　inwards　and　examineourselves。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　serving　his　parents；　a　son　may　remonstrate　with　them；but　gently；　when　he　sees　that　they　do　not　incline　to　follow　his　advice；　he　showsan　increased　degree　of　reverence；　but　does　not　abandon　his　purpose；　and　shouldthey　punish　him；　he　does　not　allow　himself　to　murmur。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃while　his　parents　are　alive；　the　son　may　not　go　abroad　toa　distance。　if　he　does　go　abroad；　he　must　have　a　fixed　place　to　which　he　goes。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　the　son　for　three　years　does　not　alter　from　the　way　ofhis　father；　he　may　be　called　filial。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　years　of　parents　may　by　no　means　not　be　kept　in　thememory；　as　an　occasion　at　once　for　joy　and　for　fear。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　reason　why　the　ancients　did　not　readily　give　utteranceto　their　words；　was　that　they　feared　lest　their　actions　should　not　e　up　tothem。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　cautious　seldom　err。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　wishes　to　be　slow　in　his　speech　andearnest　in　his　conduct。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃virtue　is　not　left　to　stand　alone。　he　who　practices　itwill　have　neighbors。〃
　　tsze…yu　said；　〃in　serving　a　prince；　frequent　remonstrances　lead　to　disgrace。between　friends；　frequent　reproofs　make　the　friendship　distant。〃
　　5
　　the　master　said　of　kung…ye　ch'ang　that　he　might　be　wived；　although　he　wasput　in　bonds；　he　had　not　been　guilty　of　any　crime。　accordingly；　he　gave　him　hisown　daught