论语(英文版)-第5章

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the　master　said；　〃my　praying　has　been　for　a　long　time。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃extravagance　leads　to　insubordination；　and　parsimony　tomeanness。　it　is　better　to　be　mean　than　to　be　insubordinate。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　satisfied　and　posed；　the　mean　manis　always　full　of　distress。〃
　　the　master　was　mild；　and　yet　dignified；　majestic；　and　yet　not　fierce；respectful；　and　yet　easy。
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　　the　master　said；　〃t'ai…po　may　be　said　to　have　reached　the　highest　point　ofvirtuous　action。　thrice　he　declined　the　kingdom；　and　the　people　in　ignorance　ofhis　motives　could　not　express　their　approbation　of　his　conduct。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃respectfulness；　without　the　rules　of　propriety；　beeslaborious　bustle；　carefulness；　without　the　rules　of　propriety；　bees　timidity；boldness；　without　the　rules　of　propriety；　bees　insubordination；straightforwardness；　without　the　rules　of　propriety；　bees　rudeness。
　　〃when　those　who　are　in　high　stations　perform　well　all　their　duties　to　theirrelations；　the　people　are　aroused　to　virtue。　when　old　friends　are　not　neglectedby　them；　the　people　are　preserved　from　meanness。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　being　ill；　he　cared　to　him　the　disciples　of　his　school；and　said；　〃uncover　my　feet；　uncover　my　hands。　it　is　said　in　the　book　of　poetry；'we　should　be　apprehensive　and　cautious；　as　if　on　the　brink　of　a　deep　gulf；　asif　treading　on　thin　ice；　i　and　so　have　i　been。　now　and　hereafter；　i　know　myescape　from　all　injury　to　my　person。　o　ye；　my　little　children。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　being　ill；　meng　chang　went　to　ask　how　he　was。
　　tsang　said　to　him；　〃when　a　bird　is　about　to　die；　its　notes　are　mournful；when　a　man　is　about　to　die；　his　words　are　good。
　　〃there　are　three　principles　of　conduct　which　the　man　of　high　rank　shouldconsider　specially　important：…that　in　his　deportment　and　manner　he　keep　fromviolence　and　heedlessness；　that　in　regulating　his　countenance　he　keep　near　tosincerity；　and　that　in　his　words　and　tones　he　keep　far　from　lowness　andimpropriety。　as　to　such　matters　as　attending　to　the　sacrificial　vessels；　thereare　the　proper　officers　for　them。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　said；　〃gifted　with　ability；　and　yet　putting　questionsto　those　who　were　not　so；　possessed　of　much；　and　yet　putting　questions　to　thosepossessed　of　little；　having；　as　though　he　had　not；　full；　and　yet　countinghimself　as　empty；　offended　against；　and　yet　entering　into　no　altercation；formerly　i　had　a　friend　who　pursued　this　style　of　conduct。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　said；　〃suppose　that　there　is　an　individual　who　can　beentrusted　with　the　charge　of　a　young　orphan　prince；　and　can　be　missioned　withauthority　over　a　state　of　a　hundred　li；　and　whom　no　emergency　however　great　candrive　from　his　principles：…is　such　a　man　a　superior　man？　he　is　a　superior　manindeed。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　said；　〃the　officer　may　not　be　without　breadth　of　mindand　vigorous　endurance。　his　burden　is　heavy　and　his　course　is　long。
　　〃perfect　virtue　is　the　burden　which　he　considers　it　is　his　to　sustain；…is　itnot　heavy？　only　with　death　does　his　course　stop；…is　it　not　long？
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　by　the　odes　that　the　mind　is　aroused。
　　〃it　is　by　the　rules　of　propriety　that　the　character　is　established。
　　〃it　is　from　music　that　the　finish　is　received。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　people　may　be　made　to　follow　a　path　of　action；　butthey　may　not　be　made　to　understand　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　man　who　is　fond　of　daring　and　is　dissatisfied　withpoverty；　will　proceed　to　insubordination。　so　will　the　man　who　is　not　virtuous；when　you　carry　your　dislike　of　him　to　an　extreme。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃though　a　man　have　abilities　as　admirable　as　those　of　theduke　of　chau；　yet　if　he　be　proud　and　niggardly；　those　other　things　are　reallynot　worth　being　looked　at。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　not　easy　to　find　a　man　who　has　learned　for　threeyears　without　ing　to　be　good。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃with　sincere　faith　he　unites　the　love　of　learning；　holdingfirm　to　death；　he　is　perfecting　the　excellence　of　his　course。
　　〃such　an　one　will　not　enter　a　tottering　state；　nor　dwell　in　a　disorganizedone。　when　right　principles　of　government　prevail　in　the　kingdom；　he　will　showhimself；　when　they　are　prostrated；　he　will　keep　concealed。
　　〃when　a　country　is　well　governed；　poverty　and　a　mean　condition　are　things　tobe　ashamed　of。　when　a　country　is　ill　governed；　riches　and　honor　are　things　to　beashamed　of。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃he　who　is　not　in　any　particular　office　has　nothing　to　dowith　plans　for　the　administration　of　its　duties。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　the　music　master　chih　first　entered　on　his　office；the　finish　of　the　kwan　tsu　was　magnificent；…how　it　filled　the　ears！〃
　　the　master　said；　〃ardent　and　yet　not　upright；　stupid　and　yet　not　attentive；simple　and　yet　not　sincere：…such　persons　i　do　not　understand。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃learn　as　if　you　could　not　reach　your　object；　and　werealways　fearing　also　lest　you　should　lose　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃how　majestic　was　the　manner　in　which　shun　and　yu　heldpossession　of　the　empire；　as　if　it　were　nothing　to　them！
　　the　master　said；　〃great　indeed　was　yao　as　a　sovereign！　how　majestic　was　he！it　is　only　heaven　that　is　grand；　and　only　yao　corresponded　to　it。　how　vast　washis　virtue！　the　people　could　find　no　name　for　it。
　　〃how　majestic　was　he　in　the　works　which　he　acplished！　how　glorious　in　theelegant　regulations　which　he　instituted！〃
　　shun　had　five　ministers；　and　the　empire　was　well　governed。
　　king　wu　said；　〃i　have　ten　able　ministers。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃is　not　the　saying　that　talents　are　difficult　to　find；　true？only　when　the　dynasties　of　t'ang　and　yu　met；　were　they　more　abundant　than　inthis　of　chau；　yet　there　was　a　woman　among　them。　the　able　ministers　were　no　morethan　nine　men。
　　〃king　wan　possessed　two　of　the　three　parts　of　the　empire；　and　with　those　heserved　the　dynasty　of　yin。　the　virtue　of　the　house　of　chau　may　be　said　to　havereached　the　highest　point　indeed。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　can　find　no　flaw　in　the　character　of　yu。　he　used　himselfcoarse　food　and　drink；　but　displayed　the　utmost　filial　piety　towards　the　spirits。his　ordinary　garments　were　poor；　but　he　displayed　the　utmost　elegance　in　hissacrificial　cap　and　apron。　he　lived　in　a　low；　mean　house；　but　expended　all　hisstrength　on　the　ditches　and　water　channels。　i　can　find　nothing　like　a　flaw　inyu。〃
　　9
　　the　subjects　of　which　the　master　seldom　spoke　were…profitableness；　and　alsothe　appointments　of　heaven；　and　perfect　virtue。
　　a　man　of　the　village　of　ta…hsiang　said；　〃great　indeed　is　the　philosopherk'ung！　his　learning　is　extensive；　and　yet　he　does　not　render　his　name　famous　byany　particular　thing。〃
　　the　master　heard　the　observation；　and　said　to　his　disciples；　〃what　shall　ipractice？　shall　i　practice　charioteering；　or　shall　i　practice　archery？　i　willpractice　charioteering。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　linen　cap　is　that　prescribed　by　the　rules　of　ceremony；but　now　a　silk　one　is　worn。　it　is　economical；　and　i　follow　the　mon　practice。
　　〃the　rules　of　ceremony　prescribe　the　bowing　below　the　hall；　but　now　thepractice　is　to　bow　only　after　ascending　it。　that　is　arrogant。　i　continue　to　bowbelow　the　hall；　though　i　oppose　the　mon　practice。〃
　　there　were　four　things　from　which　the　master　was　entirely　free。　he　had　noforegone　conclusions；　no　arbitrary　predeterminations；　no　obstinacy；　and　noegoism。
　　the　master　was　put　in　fear　in　k'wang。
　　he　said；　〃after　the　death　of　king　wan；　was　not　the　cause　of　truth　lodgedhere　in　me？
　　〃if　heaven　had　wished　to　let　this　cause　of　truth　perish；　then　i；　a　futuremortal！　should　not　have　got　such　a　relation　to　that　cause。　while　heaven　does　notlet　the　cause　of　truth　perish；　what　can　the　people　of　k'wang　do　to　me？〃
　　a　high　officer　asked　tsze…kung；　saying；　〃may　we　not　say　that　your　master　isa　sage？　how　various　is　his　ability！〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃certainly　heaven　has　endowed　him　unlimitedly。　he　is　about　asage。　and；　moreover；　his　ability　is　various。〃
　　the　master　heard　of　the　conversation　and　said；　〃does　the　high　officer　knowme？　when　i　was　young；　my　condition　was　low；　and　i　acquired　my　ability　in　manythings；　but　they　were　mean　matters。　must　the　superior　man　have　such　variety　ofability？　he　does　not　need　variety　of　ability。　lao　said；　〃the　master　said；'having　no　official　employment；　i　acquired　many　arts。'〃
　　the　master　said；　〃am　i　indeed　possessed　of　knowledge？　i　am　not　knowing。　butif　a　mean　person；　who　appears　quite　empty…like；　ask　anything　of　me；　i　set　itforth　from　one　end　to　the　other；　and　exhaust　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　fang　bird　does　not　e；　the　river　sends　forth　nomap：…it　is　all　over　with　me！〃
　　when　the　master　saw　a　person　in　a　mourning　dress；　or　any　one　with　the　capand　upper　and　lower　garments　of　full　dress；　or　a　blind　person；　on　observing　themapproaching；　though　they　were　younger　than　himself；　he　would　rise　up；　and　if　hehad　to　pass　by　them；　he　would　do　so　hastily。
　　yen　yuan；　in　admiration　of　the　master's　doctrines；　sighed　and　said；　〃ilooked　up　to　them；　and　they　seemed　to　bee　more　high；　i　tried　to　penetratethem；　and　they　seemed　to　bee　more　firm；　i　looked　at　them　before　me；　andsuddenly　they　seemed　to　be　behind。
　　〃the　master；　by　orderly　method；　skillfully　leads　men　on。　he　enlarged　my　mindwith　learning；　and　taught　me　the　restraints　of　propriety。
　　〃when　i　wish　to　give　over　the　study　of　his　doctrines；　i　cannot　do　so；　andhaving　exerted　all　my　ability；　there　seems　something　to　stand　right　up　before　me；but　though　i　wish　to　follow　and　lay　hold　of　it；　i　really　find　no　way　to　do　so。〃
　　the　master　being　very　ill；　tsze…lu　wished　the　disciples　to　act　as　ministersto　him。
　　during　a　remission　of　his　illness；　he　said；　〃long　has　the　conduct　of　yu　beendeceitful！　by　pretending　to　have　ministers　when　i　have　them　not；　whom　should　iimpose　upon？　should　i　impose　upon　heaven？
　　〃moreover；　than　that　i　should　die　in　the　hands　of　ministers；　is　it　notbetter　that　i　should　die　in　the　hands　of　you；　my　disciples？　and　though　i　may　notget　a　great　burial；　shall　i　die　upon　the　road？〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃there　is　a　beautiful　gem　here。　should　i　lay　it　up　in　a　caseand　keep　it？　or　should　i　seek　for　a　good　price　and　sell　it？〃　the　master　said；〃sell　it！　sell　it！　but　i　would　wait　for　one　to　offer　the　price。〃
　　the　master　was　wishing　to　go　and　live　among　the　nine　wild　tribes　of　the　east。
　　some　one　said；　〃they　are　rude。　how　can　you　do　such　a　thing？〃　the　master　said；〃if　a　superior　man　dwelt　among　them；　what　rudeness　would　there　be？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　returned　from　wei　to　lu；　and　then　the　music　was　reformed；and　the　pieces　in　the　royal　songs　and　praise　songs　all　found　their　properplaces。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃abroad；　to　serve　the　high　ministers　and　nobles；　at　home；to　serve　one's　father　and　elder　brothers；　in　all　duties　to　the　dead；　not　to　darenot　to　exert　one's　self；　and　not　to　be　overe　of　wine：…which　one　of　thesethings　do　i　attain　to？〃
　　the　master　standing　by　a　stream；　said；　〃it　passes　on　just　like　this；　notceasing　day　or　night！〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　have　not　seen　one　who　loves　virtue　as　he　loves　beauty。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　prosecution　of　learning　may　be　pared　to　what　mayhappen　in　raising　a　mound。　if　there　want　but　one　basket　of　earth　to　plete　thework；　and　i　stop；　the　stopping　is　my　own　work。　it　may　be　pared　t