论语(英文版)-第7章

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for　their　administrative　talents；　zan　yu　and　chi　lu；　fortheir　literary　acquirements；　tsze…yu　and　tsze…hsia。
　　the　master　said；　〃hui　gives　me　no　assistance。　there　is　nothing　that　i　say　inwhich　he　does　not　delight。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃filial　indeed　is　min　tsze…ch'ien！　other　people　say　nothingof　him　different　from　the　report　of　his　parents　and　brothers。〃
　　nan　yung　was　frequently　repeating　the　lines　about　a　white　scepter　stonenfucius　gave　him　the　daughter　of　his　elder　brother　to　wife。
　　chi　k'ang　asked　which　of　the　disciples　loved　to　learn。　confucius　replied　tohim；　〃there　was　yen　hui；　he　loved　to　learn。　unfortunately　his　appointed　time　wasshort；　and　he　died。　now　there　is　no　one　who　loves　to　learn；　as　he　did。〃
　　when　yen　yuan　died；　yen　lu　begged　the　carriage　of　the　master　to　sell　and　getan　outer　shell　for　his　son's　coffin。
　　the　master　said；　〃every　one　calls　his　son　his　son；　whether　he　has　talents　orhas　not　talents。　there　was　li；　when　he　died；　he　had　a　coffin　but　no　outer　shell。i　would　not　walk　on　foot　to　get　a　shell　for　him；　because；　having　followed　in　therear　of　the　great　officers；　it　was　not　proper　that　i　should　walk　on　foot。〃
　　when　yen　yuan　died；　the　master　said；　〃alas！　heaven　is　destroying　me！　heavenis　destroying　me！〃
　　when　yen　yuan　died；　the　master　bewailed　him　exceedingly；　and　the　discipleswho　were　with　him　said；　〃master；　your　grief　is　excessive！〃
　　〃is　it　excessive？〃　said　he。　〃if　i　am　not　to　mourn　bitterly　for　this　man；　forwhom　should　i　mourn？〃
　　when　yen　yuan　died；　the　disciples　wished　to　give　him　a　great　funeral；　andthe　master　said；　〃you　may　not　do　so。〃
　　the　disciples　did　bury　him　in　great　style。
　　the　master　said；　〃hui　behaved　towards　me　as　his　father。　i　have　not　been　ableto　treat　him　as　my　son。　the　fault　is　not　mine；　it　belongs　to　you；　o　disciples。〃
　　chi　lu　asked　about　serving　the　spirits　of　the　dead。　the　master　said；　〃whileyou　are　not　able　to　serve　men；　how　can　you　serve　their　spirits？〃　chi　lu　added；〃i　venture　to　ask　about　death？〃　he　was　answered；　〃while　you　do　not　know　life；how　can　you　know　about　death？〃
　　the　disciple　min　was　standing　by　his　side；　looking　bland　and　precise；　tsze…lu；　looking　bold　and　soldierly；　zan　yu　and　tsze…kung；　with　a　free　andstraightforward　manner。　the　master　was　pleased。
　　he　said；　〃yu；　there！…he　will　not　die　a　natural　death。〃
　　some　parties　in　lu　were　going　to　take　down　and　rebuild　the　long　treasury。
　　min　tsze…ch'ien　said；　〃suppose　it　were　to　be　repaired　after　its　old　style；…why　must　it　be　altered　and　made　anew？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃this　man　seldom　speaks；　when　he　does；　he　is　sure　to　hitthe　point。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃what　has　the　lute　of　yu　to　do　in　my　door？〃
　　the　other　disciples　began　not　to　respect　tszelu。　the　master　said；　〃yu　hasascended　to　the　hall；　though　he　has　not　yet　passed　into　the　inner　apartments。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked　which　of　the　two；　shih　or　shang；　was　the　superior。　themaster　said；　〃shih　goes　beyond　the　due　mean；　and　shang　does　not　e　up　to　it。〃
　　〃then；〃　said　tsze…kung；　〃the　superiority　is　with　shih；　i　suppose。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃to　go　beyond　is　as　wrong　as　to　fall　short。〃
　　the　head　of　the　chi　family　was　richer　than　the　duke　of　chau　had　been；　andyet　ch'iu　collected　his　imposts　for　him；　and　increased　his　wealth。
　　the　master　said；　〃he　is　no　disciple　of　mine。　my　little　children；　beat　thedrum　and　assail　him。〃
　　ch'ai　is　simple。　shan　is　dull。　shih　is　specious。　yu　is　coarse。
　　the　master　said；　〃there　is　hui！　he　has　nearly　attained　to　perfect　virtue。　heis　often　in　want。
　　〃ts'ze　does　not　acquiesce　in　the　appointments　of　heaven；　and　his　goods　areincreased　by　him。　yet　his　judgments　are　often　correct。〃
　　tsze…chang　asked　what　were　the　characteristics　of　the　good　man。　the　mastersaid；　〃he　does　not　tread　in　the　footsteps　of　others；　but　moreover；　he　does　notenter　the　chamber　of　the　sage。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if；　because　a　man's　discourse　appears　solid　and　sincere；we　allow　him　to　be　a　good　man；　is　he　really　a　superior　man？　or　is　his　gravityonly　in　appearance？〃
　　tsze…lu　asked　whether　he　should　immediately　carry　into　practice　what　heheard。　the　master　said；　〃there　are　your　father　and　elder　brothers　to　beconsulted；…why　should　you　act　on　that　principle　of　immediately　carrying　intopractice　what　you　hear？〃　zan　yu　asked　the　same；　whether　he　should　immediatelycarry　into　practice　what　he　heard；　and　the　master　answered；　〃immediately　carryinto　practice　what　you　hear。〃　kung…hsi　hwa　said；　〃yu　asked　whether　he　shouldcarry　immediately　into　practice　what　he　heard；　and　you　said；　'there　are　yourfather　and　elder　brothers　to　be　consulted。'　ch'iu　asked　whether　he　shouldimmediately　carry　into　practice　what　he　heard；　and　you　said；　'carry　itimmediately　into　practice。'　i；　ch'ih；　am　perplexed；　and　venture　to　ask　you　foran　explanation。〃　the　master　said；　〃ch'iu　is　retiring　and　slow；　therefore　i　urgedhim　forward。　yu　has　more　than　his　own　share　of　energy；　therefore　i　kept　himback。〃
　　the　master　was　put　in　fear　in　k'wang　and　yen　yuan　fell　behind。　the　master；on　his　rejoining　him；　said；　〃i　thought　you　had　died。〃　hui　replied；　〃while　youwere　alive；　how　should　i　presume　to　die？〃
　　chi　tsze…zan　asked　whether　chung　yu　and　zan　ch'iu　could　be　called　greatministers。
　　the　master　said；　〃i　thought　you　would　ask　about　some　extraordinaryindividuals；　and　you　only　ask　about　yu　and　ch'iu！
　　〃what　is　called　a　great　minister；　is　one　who　serves　his　prince　according　towhat　is　right；　and　when　he　finds　he　cannot　do　so；　retires。
　　〃now；　as　to　yu　and　ch'iu；　they　may　be　called　ordinary　ministers。〃
　　tsze…zan　said；　〃then　they　will　always　follow　their　chief；…win　they？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　an　act　of　parricide　or　regicide；　they　would　not　followhim。〃
　　tsze…lu　got　tsze…kao　appointed　governor　of　pi。
　　the　master　said；　〃you　are　injuring　a　man's　son。〃
　　tsze…lu　said；　〃there　are；　there；　mon　people　and　officers；　there　are　thealtars　of　the　spirits　of　the　land　and　grain。　why　must　one　read　books　before　hecan　be　considered　to　have　learned？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　on　this　account　that　i　hate　your　glib…tonguedpeople。〃
　　tsze…lu；　tsang　hsi；　zan　yu；　and　kunghsi　hwa　were　sitting　by　the　master。
　　he　said　to　them；　〃though　i　am　a　day　or　so　older　than　you；　do　not　think　ofthat。
　　〃from　day　to　day　you　are　saying；　'we　are　not　known。'　if　some　ruler　were　toknow　you；　what　would　you　like　to　do？〃
　　tsze…lu　hastily　and　lightly　replied；　〃suppose　the　case　of　a　state　of　tenthousand　chariots；　let　it　be　straitened　between　other　large　cities；　let　it　besuffering　from　invading　armies；　and　to　this　let　there　be　added　a　famine　in　cornand　in　all　vegetables：…if　i　were　intrusted　with　the　government　of　it；　in　threeyears'　time　i　could　make　the　people　to　be　bold；　and　to　recognize　the　rules　ofrighteous　conduct。〃　the　master　smiled　at　him。
　　turning　to　yen　yu；　he　said；　〃ch'iu；　what　are　your　wishes？〃　ch'iu　replied；〃suppose　a　state　of　sixty　or　seventy　li　square；　or　one　of　fifty　or　sixty；　andlet　me　have　the　government　of　it；…in　three　years'　time；　i　could　make　plenty　toabound　among　the　people。　as　to　teaching　them　the　principles　of　propriety；　andmusic；　i　must　wait　for　the　rise　of　a　superior　man　to　do　that。〃
　　〃what　are　your　wishes；　ch'ih；〃　said　the　master　next　to　kung…hsi　hwa。　ch'ihreplied；　〃i　do　not　say　that　my　ability　extends　to　these　things；　but　i　shouldwish　to　learn　them。　at　the　services　of　the　ancestral　temple；　and　at　theaudiences　of　the　princes　with　the　sovereign；　i　should　like；　dressed　in　the　darksquare…made　robe　and　the　black　linen　cap；　to　act　as　a　small　assistant。〃
　　last　of　all；　the　master　asked　tsang　hsi；　〃tien；　what　are　your　wishes？〃　tien；pausing　as　he　was　playing　on　his　lute；　while　it　was　yet　twanging；　laid　theinstrument　aside；　and　〃my　wishes；〃　he　said；　〃are　different　from　the　cherishedpurposes　of　these　three　gentlemen。〃　〃what　harm　is　there　in　that？〃　said　themaster；　〃do　you　also；　as　well　as　they；　speak　out　your　wishes。〃　tien　then　said；〃in　this；　the　last　month　of　spring；　with　the　dress　of　the　season　all　plete；along　with　five　or　six　young　men　who　have　assumed　the　cap；　and　six　or　seven　boys；i　would　wash　in　the　i；　enjoy　the　breeze　among　the　rain　altars；　and　return　homesinging。〃　the　master　heaved　a　sigh　and　said；　〃i　give　my　approval　to　tien。〃
　　the　three　others　having　gone　out；　tsang　hsi　remained　behind；　and　said；　〃whatdo　you　think　of　the　words　of　these　three　friends？〃　the　master　replied；　〃theysimply　told　each　one　his　wishes。〃
　　hsi　pursued；　〃master；　why　did　you　smile　at　yu？〃
　　he　was　answered；　〃the　management　of　a　state　demands　the　rules　of　propriety。his　words　were　not　humble；　therefore　i　smiled　at　him。〃
　　hsi　again　said；　〃but　was　it　not　a　state　which　ch'iu　proposed　for　himself？〃the　reply　was；　〃yes；　did　you　ever　see　a　territory　of　sixty　or　seventy　li　or　oneof　fifty　or　sixty；　which　was　not　a　state？〃
　　once　more；　hsi　inquired；　〃and　was　it　not　a　state　which　ch'ih　proposed　forhimself？〃　the　master　again　replied；　〃yes；　who　but　princes　have　to　do　withancestral　temples；　and　with　audiences　but　the　sovereign？　if　ch'ih　were　to　be　asmall　assistant　in　these　services；　who　could　be　a　great　one？
　　12
　　yen　yuan　asked　about　perfect　virtue。　the　master　said；　〃to　subdue　one's　selfand　return　to　propriety；　is　perfect　virtue。　if　a　man　can　for　one　day　subduehimself　and　return　to　propriety；　an　under　heaven　will　ascribe　perfect　virtue　tohim。　is　the　practice　of　perfect　virtue　from　a　man　himself；　or　is　it　fromothers？〃
　　yen　yuan　said；　〃i　beg　to　ask　the　steps　of　that　process。〃　the　master　replied；〃look　not　at　what　is　contrary　to　propriety；　listen　not　to　what　is　contrary　topropriety；　speak　not　what　is　contrary　to　propriety；　make　no　movement　which　iscontrary　to　propriety。〃　yen　yuan　then　said；　〃though　i　am　deficient　inintelligence　and　vigor；　i　will　make　it　my　business　to　practice　this　lesson。〃
　　chung…kung　asked　about　perfect　virtue。　the　master　said；　〃it　is；　when　you　goabroad；　to　behave　to　every　one　as　if　you　were　receiving　a　great　guest；　to　employthe　people　as　if　you　were　assisting　at　a　great　sacrifice；　not　to　do　to　others　asyou　would　not　wish　done　to　yourself；　to　have　no　murmuring　against　you　in　thecountry；　and　none　in　the　family。〃　chung…kung　said；　〃though　i　am　deficient　inintelligence　and　vigor；　i　will　make　it　my　business　to　practice　this　lesson。〃
　　sze…ma　niu　asked　about　perfect　virtue。
　　the　master　said；　〃the　man　of　perfect　virtue　is　cautious　and　slow　in　hisspeech。〃
　　〃cautious　and　slow　in　his　speech！〃　said　niu；…〃is　this　what　is　meant　byperfect　virtue？〃　the　master　said；　〃when　a　man　feels　the　difficulty　of　doing；　canhe　be　other　than　cautious　and　slow　in　speaking？〃
　　sze…ma　niu　asked　about　the　superior　man。　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　manhas　neither　anxiety　nor　fear。〃
　　〃being　without　anxiety　or　fear！〃　said　nui；〃does　this　constitute　what　we　callthe　superior　man？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　internal　examination　discovers　nothing　wrong；　what　isthere　to　be　anxious　about；　what　is　there　to　fear？〃
　　sze…ma　niu；　full　of　anxiety；　said；　〃other　men　all　have　their　brothers；　ionly　have　not。〃
　　tsze…hsia　said　to　him；　〃there　is　the　following　saying　which　i　have　heard…'death　and　life　have　their　determined　appointment；　riches　and　honors　depend　uponheaven。'
　　〃let　the　superior　man　never　fail　reverentially　to　order　his　own　conduct；　andlet　him　be　resp