second treatise of government-µÚ1ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
SECOND¡¡TREATISE¡¡OF¡¡GOVERNMENT¡¡by¡¡JOHN¡¡LOCKE
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TWO¡¡TREATISES¡¡OF¡¡GOVERNMENT
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡BY¡¡IOHN¡¡LOCKE
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SALUS¡¡POPULI¡¡SUPREMA¡¡LEX¡¡ESTO
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡LONDON¡¡PRINTED¡¡MDCLXXXVIIII
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡REPRINTED£»¡¡THE¡¡SIXTH¡¡TIME£»¡¡BY¡¡A¡£¡¡MILLAR£»¡¡H¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WOODFALL£»¡¡1¡£¡¡¡¡WHISTON¡¡AND¡¡¡¡B¡£¡¡WHITE£»¡¡1¡£¡¡RI¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡VINGTON£»¡¡L¡£¡¡DAVIS¡¡AND¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡REYMERS£»¡¡R¡£¡¡BALD¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WIN£»¡¡¡¡HAWES¡¡¡¡CLARKE¡¡¡¡AND¡¡¡¡COLLINS£»¡¡W¡£¡¡IOHN¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡STON£»¡¡¡¡W¡£¡¡OWEN£»¡¡1¡£¡¡¡¡RICHARDSON£»¡¡S¡£¡¡CROWDER£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡T¡£¡¡¡¡LONGMAN£»¡¡¡¡B¡£¡¡¡¡LAW£»¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡£¡¡¡¡RIVINGTON£»¡¡¡¡E¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DILLY£»¡¡¡¡R¡£¡¡WITHY£»¡¡C¡£¡¡AND¡¡R¡£¡¡WARE£»¡¡S£»¡¡BAKER£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡T¡£¡¡PAYNE£»¡¡A¡£¡¡SHUCKBURGH£»¡¡1¡£¡¡HINXMAN
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MDCCLXIIII
¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TWO¡¡¡¡TREATISES¡¡OF¡¡GOVERNMENT¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡FORMER¡¡THE¡¡FALSE¡¡PRIN¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CIPLES¡¡AND¡¡¡¡FOUNDATION¡¡OF¡¡SIR
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ROBERT¡¡¡¡FILMER¡¡¡¡AND¡¡¡¡HIS¡¡FOL¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡LOWERS¡¡¡¡¡¡ARE¡¡¡¡¡¡DETECTED¡¡¡¡¡¡AND
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡OVERTHROWN¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡LATTER¡¡IS¡¡¡¡AN¡¡ESSAY¡¡CON¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CERNING¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡TRUE¡¡¡¡ORIGINAL
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡EXTENT¡¡¡¡AND¡¡¡¡END¡¡¡¡OF¡¡¡¡CIVIL
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡GOVERNMENT¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1764¡¡EDITOR'S¡¡NOTE
The¡¡present¡¡Edition¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Book¡¡has¡¡not¡¡only¡¡been¡¡collated¡¡with¡¡¡¡the¡¡first¡¡three¡¡Editions£»¡¡which¡¡were¡¡published¡¡during¡¡the¡¡¡¡Author's¡¡Life£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡has¡¡the¡¡Advantage¡¡of¡¡his¡¡last¡¡Corrections¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡Improvements£»¡¡from¡¡a¡¡Copy¡¡delivered¡¡by¡¡him¡¡to¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Peter¡¡¡¡Coste£»¡¡communicated¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Editor£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡now¡¡lodged¡¡in¡¡Christ¡¡¡¡College£»¡¡Cambridge¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PREFACE
Reader£»¡¡thou¡¡hast¡¡here¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡and¡¡end¡¡of¡¡a¡¡discourse¡¡¡¡concerning¡¡government£»¡¡what¡¡fate¡¡has¡¡otherwise¡¡disposed¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡papers¡¡that¡¡should¡¡have¡¡filled¡¡up¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡more¡¡than¡¡¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rest£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡worth¡¡while¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡thee¡£¡¡¡¡These£»¡¡which¡¡¡¡remain£»¡¡I¡¡hope¡¡are¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡the¡¡throne¡¡of¡¡our¡¡¡¡great¡¡restorer£»¡¡our¡¡present¡¡King¡¡William£»¡¡to¡¡make¡¡good¡¡his¡¡title£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡the¡¡consent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡which¡¡being¡¡the¡¡only¡¡one¡¡of¡¡all¡¡¡¡lawful¡¡governments£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡more¡¡fully¡¡and¡¡clearly£»¡¡than¡¡any¡¡¡¡prince¡¡in¡¡Christendom£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡justify¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡whose¡¡love¡¡of¡¡their¡¡just¡¡and¡¡natural¡¡rights£»¡¡with¡¡their¡¡¡¡resolution¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡them£»¡¡saved¡¡the¡¡nation¡¡when¡¡it¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡¡¡very¡¡brink¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡and¡¡ruin¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡these¡¡papers¡¡have¡¡that¡¡¡¡evidence£»¡¡I¡¡flatter¡¡myself¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡will¡¡be¡¡¡¡no¡¡great¡¡miss¡¡of¡¡those¡¡which¡¡are¡¡lost£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡reader¡¡may¡¡be¡¡¡¡satisfied¡¡without¡¡them£º¡¡for¡¡I¡¡imagine£»¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡neither¡¡the¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡nor¡¡inclination¡¡to¡¡repeat¡¡my¡¡pains£»¡¡and¡¡fill¡¡up¡¡the¡¡wanting¡¡¡¡part¡¡of¡¡my¡¡answer£»¡¡by¡¡tracing¡¡Sir¡¡Robert¡¡again£»¡¡through¡¡all¡¡the¡¡¡¡windings¡¡and¡¡obscurities£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡met¡¡with¡¡in¡¡the¡¡several¡¡¡¡branches¡¡of¡¡his¡¡wonderful¡¡system¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡king£»¡¡and¡¡body¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡nation£»¡¡have¡¡since¡¡so¡¡thoroughly¡¡confuted¡¡his¡¡Hypothesis£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡¡¡suppose¡¡no¡¡body¡¡hereafter¡¡will¡¡have¡¡either¡¡the¡¡confidence¡¡to¡¡¡¡appear¡¡against¡¡our¡¡common¡¡safety£»¡¡and¡¡be¡¡again¡¡an¡¡advocate¡¡for¡¡¡¡slavery£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡weakness¡¡to¡¡be¡¡deceived¡¡with¡¡contradictions¡¡¡¡dressed¡¡up¡¡in¡¡a¡¡popular¡¡stile£»¡¡and¡¡well¡turned¡¡periods£º¡¡for¡¡if¡¡¡¡any¡¡one¡¡will¡¡be¡¡at¡¡the¡¡pains£»¡¡himself£»¡¡in¡¡those¡¡parts£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡¡¡here¡¡untouched£»¡¡to¡¡strip¡¡Sir¡¡Robert's¡¡discourses¡¡of¡¡the¡¡flourish¡¡¡¡of¡¡doubtful¡¡expressions£»¡¡and¡¡endeavour¡¡to¡¡reduce¡¡his¡¡words¡¡to¡¡¡¡direct£»¡¡positive£»¡¡intelligible¡¡propositions£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡compare¡¡¡¡them¡¡one¡¡with¡¡another£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡quickly¡¡be¡¡satisfied£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡¡¡never¡¡so¡¡much¡¡glib¡¡nonsense¡¡put¡¡together¡¡in¡¡well¡sounding¡¡¡¡English¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡think¡¡it¡¡not¡¡worth¡¡while¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡his¡¡works¡¡all¡¡¡¡thro'£»¡¡let¡¡him¡¡make¡¡an¡¡experiment¡¡in¡¡that¡¡part£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡treats¡¡¡¡of¡¡usurpation£»¡¡and¡¡let¡¡him¡¡try£»¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡can£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡his¡¡¡¡skill£»¡¡make¡¡Sir¡¡Robert¡¡intelligible£»¡¡and¡¡consistent¡¡with¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡common¡¡sense¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡should¡¡not¡¡speak¡¡so¡¡plainly¡¡of¡¡a¡¡gentleman£»¡¡¡¡long¡¡since¡¡past¡¡answering£»¡¡had¡¡not¡¡the¡¡pulpit£»¡¡of¡¡late¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡publicly¡¡owned¡¡his¡¡doctrine£»¡¡and¡¡made¡¡it¡¡the¡¡current¡¡divinity¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡times¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡those¡¡men£»¡¡who¡¡taking¡¡on¡¡them¡¡to¡¡be¡¡¡¡teachers£»¡¡have¡¡so¡¡dangerously¡¡misled¡¡others£»¡¡should¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡openly¡¡¡¡¡¡shewed¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡what¡¡authority¡¡this¡¡their¡¡Patriarch¡¡is£»¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡¡¡have¡¡so¡¡blindly¡¡followed£»¡¡that¡¡so¡¡they¡¡may¡¡either¡¡retract¡¡what¡¡¡¡upon¡¡so¡¡ill¡¡grounds¡¡they¡¡have¡¡vented£»¡¡and¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡maintained£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡else¡¡justify¡¡those¡¡principles¡¡which¡¡they¡¡preached¡¡up¡¡for¡¡¡¡gospel£»¡¡though¡¡they¡¡had¡¡no¡¡better¡¡an¡¡author¡¡than¡¡an¡¡English¡¡¡¡courtier£º¡¡for¡¡I¡¡should¡¡not¡¡have¡¡writ¡¡against¡¡Sir¡¡Robert£»¡¡or¡¡taken¡¡¡¡the¡¡pains¡¡to¡¡shew¡¡his¡¡mistakes£»¡¡inconsistencies£»¡¡and¡¡want¡¡of¡¡¡¡£¨what¡¡he¡¡so¡¡much¡¡boasts¡¡of£»¡¡and¡¡pretends¡¡wholly¡¡to¡¡build¡¡on£©¡¡¡¡scripture¡proofs£»¡¡were¡¡there¡¡not¡¡men¡¡amongst¡¡us£»¡¡who£»¡¡by¡¡crying¡¡¡¡up¡¡his¡¡books£»¡¡and¡¡espousing¡¡his¡¡doctrine£»¡¡save¡¡me¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡reproach¡¡of¡¡writing¡¡against¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡adversary¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡have¡¡been¡¡so¡¡¡¡zealous¡¡in¡¡this¡¡point£»¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡have¡¡done¡¡him¡¡any¡¡wrong£»¡¡I¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡hope¡¡they¡¡should¡¡spare¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡wish£»¡¡where¡¡they¡¡have¡¡done¡¡¡¡the¡¡truth¡¡and¡¡the¡¡public¡¡wrong£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡be¡¡as¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡redress¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡allow¡¡its¡¡just¡¡weight¡¡to¡¡this¡¡reflection£»¡¡viz¡£¡¡that¡¡there¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡done¡¡a¡¡greater¡¡mischief¡¡to¡¡prince¡¡and¡¡people£»¡¡than¡¡the¡¡¡¡propagating¡¡wrong¡¡notions¡¡concerning¡¡government£»¡¡that¡¡so¡¡at¡¡last¡¡¡¡all¡¡times¡¡might¡¡not¡¡have¡¡reason¡¡to¡¡complain¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Drum¡¡¡¡Ecclesiastic¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡any¡¡one£»¡¡concerned¡¡really¡¡for¡¡truth£»¡¡undertake¡¡¡¡the¡¡confutation¡¡of¡¡my¡¡Hypothesis£»¡¡I¡¡promise¡¡him¡¡either¡¡to¡¡recant¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡mistake£»¡¡upon¡¡fair¡¡conviction£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡answer¡¡his¡¡difficulties¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡he¡¡must¡¡remember¡¡two¡¡things¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡First£»¡¡That¡¡cavilling¡¡here¡¡and¡¡there£»¡¡at¡¡some¡¡expression£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡little¡¡incident¡¡of¡¡my¡¡discourse£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡an¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡my¡¡book¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Secondly£»¡¡That¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡take¡¡railing¡¡for¡¡arguments£»¡¡nor¡¡¡¡think¡¡either¡¡of¡¡these¡¡worth¡¡my¡¡notice£»¡¡though¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡always¡¡look¡¡¡¡on¡¡myself¡¡as¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡give¡¡satisfaction¡¡to¡¡any¡¡one£»¡¡who¡¡shall¡¡¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡be¡¡conscientiously¡¡scrupulous¡¡in¡¡the¡¡point£»¡¡and¡¡shall¡¡¡¡shew¡¡any¡¡just¡¡grounds¡¡for¡¡his¡¡scruples¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡nothing¡¡more£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡advertise¡¡the¡¡reader£»¡¡that¡¡¡¡Observations¡¡stands¡¡for¡¡Observations¡¡on¡¡Hobbs£»¡¡Milton£»¡¡&c¡£¡¡and¡¡¡¡that¡¡a¡¡bare¡¡quotation¡¡of¡¡pages¡¡always¡¡means¡¡pages¡¡of¡¡his¡¡¡¡Patriarcha£»¡¡Edition¡¡1680¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡OF¡¡CIVIL¡GOVERNMENT
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Book¡¡II
Chap¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡Sect¡£¡¡1¡£¡¡It¡¡having¡¡been¡¡shewn¡¡in¡¡the¡¡foregoing¡¡¡¡discourse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡That¡¡Adam¡¡had¡¡not£»¡¡either¡¡by¡¡natural¡¡right¡¡of¡¡¡¡fatherhood£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡positive¡¡donation¡¡from¡¡God£»¡¡any¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡authority¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡his¡¡children£»¡¡or¡¡dominion¡¡over¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡¡¡pretended£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡That¡¡if¡¡he¡¡had£»¡¡his¡¡heirs£»¡¡yet£»¡¡had¡¡no¡¡right¡¡to¡¡it£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡That¡¡if¡¡his¡¡heirs¡¡had£»¡¡there¡¡being¡¡no¡¡law¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡nor¡¡¡¡positive¡¡law¡¡of¡¡God¡¡that¡¡determines¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡right¡¡heir¡¡in¡¡¡¡all¡¡cases¡¡that¡¡may¡¡arise£»¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡succession£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡consequently¡¡of¡¡bearing¡¡rule£»¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡certainly¡¡¡¡determined£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡£¡¡That¡¡if¡¡even¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡determined£»¡¡yet¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡¡¡of¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡eldest¡¡line¡¡of¡¡Adam's¡¡posterity£»¡¡being¡¡so¡¡long¡¡¡¡since¡¡utterly¡¡lost£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡races¡¡of¡¡mankind¡¡and¡¡families¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡there¡¡remains¡¡not¡¡to¡¡one¡¡above¡¡another£»¡¡the¡¡least¡¡¡¡pretence¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡eldest¡¡house£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡have¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡¡¡inheritance£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡these¡¡premises¡¡having£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡been¡¡clearly¡¡made¡¡out£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡that¡¡the¡¡rulers¡¡now¡¡on¡¡earth¡¡should¡¡make¡¡any¡¡¡¡benefit£»¡¡or¡¡derive¡¡any¡¡the¡¡least¡¡shadow¡¡of¡¡authority¡¡from¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡is¡¡held¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡fountain¡¡of¡¡all¡¡power£»¡¡Adam's¡¡private¡¡¡¡dominion¡¡and¡¡paternal¡¡jurisdiction£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡he¡¡that¡¡will¡¡not¡¡¡¡give¡¡just¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡think¡¡that¡¡all¡¡government¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡product¡¡only¡¡of¡¡force¡¡and¡¡violence£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡men¡¡live¡¡¡¡together¡¡by¡¡no¡¡other¡¡rules¡¡but¡¡that¡¡of¡¡beasts£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡¡¡strongest¡¡carries¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡lay¡¡a¡¡foundation¡¡for¡¡perpetual¡¡¡¡disorder¡¡and¡¡mischief£»¡¡tumult£»¡¡sedition¡¡and¡¡rebellion£»¡¡£¨things¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡followers¡¡of¡¡that¡¡hypothesis¡¡so¡¡loudly¡¡cry¡¡out¡¡against£©¡¡¡¡must¡¡of¡¡necessity¡¡find¡¡out¡¡another¡¡rise¡¡of¡¡government£»¡¡another¡¡¡¡original¡¡of¡¡political¡¡power£»¡¡and¡¡another¡¡way¡¡of¡¡designing¡¡and¡¡¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡persons¡¡that¡¡have¡¡it£»¡¡than¡¡what¡¡Sir¡¡Robert¡¡Filmer¡¡¡¡hath¡¡taught¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sect¡£¡¡2¡£¡¡To¡¡this¡¡purpose£»¡¡I¡¡think¡¡it¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡amiss£»¡¡to¡¡¡¡set¡¡down¡¡what¡¡I¡¡take¡¡to¡¡be¡¡political¡¡power£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡a¡¡¡¡MAGISTRATE¡¡over¡¡a¡¡subject¡¡may¡¡be¡¡distinguished¡¡from¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡¡¡FATHER¡¡over¡¡his¡¡children£»¡¡a¡¡MASTER¡¡over¡¡his¡¡servant£»¡¡a¡¡HUSBAND¡¡¡¡over¡¡his¡¡wife£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡LORD¡¡over¡¡his¡¡slave¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡which¡¡distinct¡¡¡¡powers¡¡happening¡¡sometimes¡¡together¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡man£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡be¡¡¡¡considered¡¡under¡¡these¡¡different¡¡relations£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡help¡¡us¡¡to¡¡¡¡distinguish¡¡these¡¡powers¡¡one¡¡from¡¡wealth£»¡¡a¡¡father¡¡of¡¡a¡¡family£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡a¡¡captain¡¡of¡¡a¡¡galley¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sect¡£¡¡3¡£¡¡POLITICAL¡¡POWER£»¡¡then£»¡¡I¡¡take¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡RIGHT¡¡of¡¡¡¡making¡¡laws¡¡with¡¡penalties¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡consequently¡¡all¡¡less¡¡¡¡penalties£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡regulating¡¡and¡¡preserving¡¡of¡¡property£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡¡¡employing¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡the¡¡community£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡such¡¡¡¡laws£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡defence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡common¡wealth¡¡from¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡injury£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡this¡¡only¡¡for¡¡the¡¡public¡¡good¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡C¡¡H¡¡A¡¡P¡£¡¡I¡¡I¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Nature¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sect¡£¡¡4¡£¡¡TO¡¡understand¡¡political¡¡power¡¡right£»¡¡and¡¡derive¡¡it¡¡¡¡from¡¡its¡¡original£»¡¡we¡¡must¡¡consider£»¡¡what¡¡state¡¡all¡¡men¡¡are¡¡¡¡naturally¡¡in£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡perfect¡¡freedom¡¡to¡¡order¡¡¡¡their¡¡actions£»¡¡and¡¡dispose¡¡of¡¡their¡¡possessions¡¡and¡¡persons£»¡¡as¡¡¡¡they¡¡think¡¡fit£»¡¡within¡¡the¡¡bounds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡without¡¡¡¡asking¡¡leave£»¡¡or¡¡depending¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡will¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡state¡¡also¡¡of¡¡equality£»¡¡wherein¡¡all¡¡the¡¡power¡¡and¡¡¡¡jurisdiction¡¡is¡¡reciprocal£»¡¡no¡¡one¡¡having¡¡more¡¡than¡¡another£»¡¡¡¡there¡¡being¡¡nothing¡¡more¡¡evident£»¡¡than¡¡that¡¡creatures¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡¡¡species¡¡and¡¡rank£»¡¡promiscuously¡¡born¡¡to¡¡all¡¡the¡¡same¡¡advantages¡¡¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡faculties£»¡¡should¡¡also¡¡be¡¡¡¡equal¡¡one¡¡amongst¡¡another¡¡without¡¡subordination¡¡or¡¡subjection£»¡¡¡¡unless¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡and¡¡master¡¡of¡¡them¡¡all¡¡should£»¡¡by¡¡any¡¡manifest¡¡¡¡declaration¡¡of¡¡his¡¡will£»¡¡set¡¡one¡¡above¡¡another£»¡¡and¡¡confer¡¡on¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡by¡¡an¡¡evident¡¡and¡¡clear¡¡appointment£»¡¡an¡¡undoubted¡¡right¡¡to¡¡¡¡dominion¡¡and¡¡sovereignty¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sect¡£¡¡5¡£¡¡This¡¡equality¡¡of¡¡men¡¡by¡¡nature£»¡¡the¡¡judicious¡¡¡¡Hooker¡¡looks¡¡upon¡¡as¡¡so¡¡evident¡¡in¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡beyond¡¡all¡¡¡¡question£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡the¡¡foundation¡¡of¡¡that¡¡obligation¡¡to¡¡¡¡mutual¡¡love¡¡amongst¡¡men£»¡¡on¡¡which¡¡he¡¡builds¡¡the¡¡duties¡¡they¡¡owe¡¡¡¡one¡¡another£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡whence¡¡he¡¡derives¡¡the¡¡great¡¡maxims¡¡of¡¡¡¡justice¡¡and¡¡charity¡£¡¡His¡¡words¡¡are£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡like¡¡natural¡¡inducement¡¡hath¡¡brought¡¡men¡¡to¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡less¡¡their¡¡duty£»¡¡to¡¡love¡¡others¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves£»¡¡for¡¡seeing¡¡those¡¡things¡¡which¡¡are¡¡equal£»¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡needs¡¡all¡¡have¡¡one¡¡measure£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡but¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡good£»¡¡even¡¡as¡¡much¡¡at¡¡every¡¡man's¡¡hands£»¡¡as¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡can¡¡wish¡¡unto¡¡his¡¡own¡¡soul£»¡¡how¡¡should¡¡I¡¡look¡¡to¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡part¡¡of¡¡my¡¡desire¡¡herein¡¡satisfied£»¡¡unless¡¡myself¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡careful¡¡to¡¡satisfy¡¡the¡¡like¡¡desire£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡undoubtedly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡other¡¡men£»¡¡being¡¡of¡¡one¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same¡¡nature£¿¡¡To¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡thing¡¡offered¡¡them¡¡repugnant¡¡to¡¡this¡¡desire£»¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡needs¡¡in¡¡all¡¡respects¡¡grieve¡¡them¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡me£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡I¡¡do¡¡harm£»¡¡I¡¡must¡¡look¡¡to¡¡suffer£»¡¡there¡¡being¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡others¡¡should¡¡shew¡¡greater¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡love¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡than¡¡they¡¡have¡¡by¡¡me¡¡shewed¡¡unto¡¡them£º¡¡my¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡to¡¡be¡¡loved¡¡of¡¡my¡¡equals¡¡in¡¡nature¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡may¡¡be£»¡¡imposeth¡¡upon¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡natural¡¡duty¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bearing¡¡to¡¡them¡ward¡¡fully¡¡the¡¡like¡¡affection£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡equality¡¡between¡¡ourselves¡¡and¡¡them¡¡that¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡ourselves£»¡¡what