2006年考研英语新题型40篇-第4章
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这里再细讲一下不同文体（记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文）的基本特征，以使考生更好地掌握文章行文结构的知识：
1记叙文
事件的叙述连贯并符合逻辑，通常按照时间顺序展开。事件之间通常使用一些过渡性词语来连接。文中细节逐渐引向事件发生、发展的高潮部分。
2描写文
描写文强调的是人的感受，人的视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉和嗅觉的几大感官感受。人物描写通过他或她所说的或所做的反映人的性格、思想和感情；地点描写应该按照一定的顺序展开，由远到近或由近到远，由左至右或由右至左，由上到下或由下到上。这些能够给我们提供一定线索，快速捕获答案；景物描写通常包括三个主要部分：背景、人物和行为。
3说明文
说明文阐述事物的原理、起因和可能的后果。说明文的行文中常出现下列规律：举例说明，分析过程，比较和对比，分类以及因果分析等。说明文的基本模块是：引言部分，文章主体，结束段。结束段的行文多以下列方式展现：用立意新颖的句式重述主题，或总结文章的要点，或者重述加总结。
4议论文
议论文是人们交流思想的一种重要形式，其最终目的是说服听众或读者接受某个观点。议论文要用逻辑和论据来影响别人的看法或行动，而不是仅仅依靠动之以情，据理力争。其行文规则为：提出论点，充分和恰当地提出论据并论证论点，得出结论。
三、 解题思路指引
1从已知段落出发，提炼全文主线。不管给出的段落是文章中的第几自然段，考生都应该认真研究，准确把握这些段落的文意，因为这是考生可以着力的地方。段落中一般都会有主题句，而这些主题句的位置又经常出现在段首或段尾，所以，考生一定要重点阅读已知段落的首尾句。即使没有明显的主题句，考生也应该自己概括，因为这是非常重要的。
2仔细观察，细致分析，弄清段落之间的关系。此类文章内部都有非常严密的结构和逻辑关系，只要能把握住这一点，对段落进行排序就迎刃而解了。不同的问题有不同的叙述和展开方式，如按时间顺序、逻辑顺序展开；或按不同的论证角度，如事例论证，因果分析、对比比较等展开；或按不同的说明方式，如定义法，引述法，列举法等展开。展开的方式决定了文章的行文结构和层次。同时还要注意一些关键词语和句子，关键词语和句子一般位于段首位置。如：on the other hand； first of all； next； in conclusion； in addition； moreover； on the contrary； at the same time； for example； as a consequence 等等，这些词语（可参见第一节中“表示逻辑关系以及起承转合的标志词语和线索提示语分类归纲一览表”的内容）都向考生暗示了文章各段落之间的逻辑关系，有助于考生作出正确的排列。考生一方面在平时的学习中要注意此方面知识的积累，另一方面考试过程当中对此类词语给予足够的重视。
3以确定位置的段落为轴心，寻找相邻段落，并重新整合文章，确定排序是否正确。各段主题思想确定，全文的主题也明确后，集中分析题中给出的已经被确定位置的段落，考虑其可能承接或被承接的段落，依次确定邻近的段落。根据前两个步骤，大体确定各段顺序后，再次回过头来按照已排好的顺序快速阅读文章，体会全文的脉络是否通畅，检查各个段落之间是否有脱节现象。
四、 大纲样题解析
Directions：
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order。 For Questions 4145；you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list AG to fill in each numbered box。 The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。（10 points）
［A］ “I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job。 Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal。 In fact； well probably have to lay some people off in the near future。 Its hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnt －its boring； routine paperwork； and there isnt much you can do about it。
［B］ “Finally； I cant say to them that their promotions will hinge on the
excellence of their paperwork。 First of all； they know its not true。If their performance is adequate； most are more likely to get promoted just by
staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific
outstanding act。 Second； they were trained to do the job they do out in the
streets； not to fill out forms。 All through their career it is the arrests
and intervetions that get noticed。
［C］ “Ive got a real problem with my officers。 They e on the force as
young； inexperienced men； and we send them out on the street； either in cars or on a beat； They seem to like the contact they have with the public； the action involved in crime prevention； and the apprehension of criminals。 They also like helping people out at fires； accidents； and other emergencies。
［D］ “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion。 However； we know thats not fair－too many other things are involved。 Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court； but good paperwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win。 We tried setting up team petitions based on the excellence of the reports；
but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly。 No one was getting any type
of reward for winning the petition； and they figured why should they
labor when there was no payoff。
［E］ “The problem occurs when they get back to the station。 They hate to do the paperwork； and because they dislike it； the job is frequently put off or done inadequately。 This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get
to court。 We need clear； factual reports。 They must be highly detailed and
unambiguous。 As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect； the rest of the report is suspect。 Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor。
［F］ “So I just dont know What to do。 Ive been groping in the dark in a
number of years。 And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this
problem of mine and help me out in my future work。”
［G］ A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of
seminars for administrators； managers and/or executives of various
departments throughout the city。 At one of these sessions the topic to be
discussed was motivation－how we can get public servants motivated to do a
good job。 The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the
discussion。
Order：
G41。42。43。44。45。F
文章导读
首段说的是：一个大都市的市政府召开各部门管理人员研讨会。有一个研讨会讨论的话
题是如何激励公务员做好工作。在讨论中，一位警察局警长遇到的难题成了谈论的焦
点。除了这段话，其他段的话都有引号，表明是某人说的话。尾段说到：“所以我不知
道如何是好。多年来我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望这次研讨会能给我的难题带来启示，能帮我应对未来的工作。”很明显，这是发言的总结句。结合第一段的内容，我们可以知道，引号里的话是警察局警长的话，而整篇文章主要讲的是他面临的难题。
答案与解析
41【答案】C
【解析】A到E段，哪一段像发言的起始段呢？这就要看是哪一段把讨论的话题引入。这里可以主要看每段的第一句话。会发现C段第一句话直截了当地点出话题：“Ive got a real problem with my officers”，而且与首段的最后一句连接自然，所以可以判定41题空中应该填C。
42【答案】E
【解析】C段的第一句话后，警长开始评价他的队员。这一段的内容较为正面。因为警长说“有一个难题”，按逻辑顺序，下一段落应该出现转折，提出职员中存在的问题。依照这样的思路，我们在剩下的段落中寻找，可以发现下一段选E连接最自然。
43【答案】A
【解析】本文的主题是警长遇到的“难题”，既然第二题已经知道了警长遇到的难题是They hate to do the paperwork。（他们不喜欢写公文），那么，如果进行适当的推理，下文就应该以“I”做主语，来具体阐述警长自己的困惑之所在了。选项A以第一人称“I”开头，在逻辑上非常合适。
44【答案】B
【解析】
段落之间的关联词语非常重要，选项B中的第一个词Finally就是一个非常重要的线索词。其实，选项A是警长遇到的第一个困惑，而选项B是他遇到的第二个困惑。因为本文是一篇发言，所以，在连接词上可以相对随意些，无论是Second也好还是Finally也好，都能表示出先后顺序来。
45【答案】D
【解析】警长是毫无办法。难道就一点办法都没有吗？其他人是怎么看的？在D段中，警长提到有人建议通过胜诉记录来评价，他们也进行过小组之间的比赛，但是没有什么效果。所以，警长殷切地希望能在研讨会上得到启发和帮助。按照这样的思路，这些段落就组成了一篇通顺、完整的文章。
提示：考生在做这样的题型时，如果没有把握，可以多列出几种可能的顺序，然后根据这些顺序重读文章，看是否思路顺畅。完成此类题目关键是把握文章的主要话题和基本的逻辑顺序。
答案：
G 41。C 42。E 43。A 44。B 45。D F
五、 语段排序题专项突破练习
Exercise 1
Part B
Directions：
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order。 For Questions 4145；you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list AG to fill in each numbered box。 The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。（10 points）
［A］ Foremost on every potential buyers list of concerns is debt。 The average South
Korean pany is leveraged four times over its equity； which is why so many are desperate to liquidate assets。 But because Koreas currency lost half its value last year； many Korean executives believe—mistakenly—that foreign buyers wi
ll find their wares attractive in spite of their debts； analysts says。
［B］ Despite such aversion to foreign ownership； some deals are going through。 Directors of Bank of Asia are believed to have approved the sale of a stake in their midsized bank to Dutch bank ABNAmro。 For the Bank of Thailand； the central bank； the ABNAmro deal will send a muchneeded signal that the country is weling foreign capital。
［C］ “The attitude of Koreans is that only foreigners will pay the price they are as
k
ing；” says Daniel Harwood of ABNAmro Asia in Seoul。 But foreigners are look
ing
at these business and saying “How can I make a profit；” not “Oh； its cheap； and Ill buy it。” No one will take over these panies unless they can restructure。
［D］ Survival is usually uppermost in the minds of panies with their backs to the wall； even if that entails being reduced to a minority stake。 In Thailand； however； most ailing panies seem loathe to admit that their conditions may be fatal。 “They arent realistic；” says Henry Conell； Goldman Sachs Hong Kongbased partner in charge of direct investment in Asia。 “Nobody is about to say
to them； you will be gone。”
［E］ In south Korea； interest from foreigners has focused more on the countrys manufacturers。 But； the number of actual purchases； like those in Thailand； is small。 In any event； bigticket crossborder mergers and acquisitions are bound to take time。 Indeed； analysts say the main reason for the dearth of deals so far is due to diligence： foreign investors must thoroughly familiarize themselves with panies they might buy。 “You cant do this stuff overnight；” says a senior official at a large Western bank in Seoul。
［F］ Still； the number of deals is growing by the day。 On February 19； Samsung Heavy Industries simultaneously sold its excavator division to Swedens Volvo Construction Equipment and its forklift operation to the United States Clark Martirial Handling。 Earlier； the chemical giant Hanwha group sold two affiliates to its Japanese and German partners。 Despite the slow start； no one doubts that th
