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2006年考研英语最新题型应试指导-第8章

小说: 2006年考研英语最新题型应试指导 字数: 每页3500字

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    把坏消息转变为好消息:每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意的地方。如果要提到这些事,那么从积极的角度去看。由于政府资金而失去助教工作的一位女士写到:小学校长说了,如果政府资金够的话,她第一个重聘的就是我。    
    不要道歉:如果十五年后你作为一名父母又回到了工作岗位,只需简单写一段(背景概要)而不是经验的年代表。不要为作为一个母亲来工作而致歉;这是所有的工作中最艰难的。如果你没有经过特别的培训或没受过高等教育,那就不要提起。一位熟人抱怨失去机会时受到歧视,因为他表述了好学,但教育程度不高。    
    写简历的秘密在于开始写之前要考虑到自我。空出四至五小时,不必持续不断,简单写下你每次在工作中或工作以外取得的让你感觉有效的业绩。首先不要担心这些意味着什么,研究列表试着找出模式。当你研究列表时,你就会离列表的含义越来越近:确认你受欢迎的技能,一旦你发现模板,就为你的一系列的业绩命名(领导技能,预算管理技能,孩子发展技能等),试着在同一个技能标题下列出至少三项业绩。现在,如果你认为重要的话,就开始写你的简历,当你准备把简历拿给陌生人看并得到意见之前,你应该用几个星期的时间,起草四次或更多次来完成简历,当你感到满意后,就开始打印;打印出的简历远远好于复印品。这向雇主表明你把求职当作一件严肃的工作,值得认真对待。    
    难道,你不想要这种人为你工作吗?    
    二    
    New and bizarre crimes have e into being with the advent of puter technology。 Organized crime too has been directly involved; the new technology offers its unlimited opportunities; such as data crimes; theft of services; propertyrelated crimes; industrial sabotage; politically related sabotage,vandalism,crimes against the individual and financially related crimes。    
    (1) Theft of data; or data crime。    
     It has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates。 This is usually the theft or copying of valuable puter program。    
    (2) To destroy a pany’s puter system。    
     It cripples the firm’s operational ability; thus neutralizing its petitive capability either in the private or the government sector。 This puter sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm。     
    (3) Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase    
    Political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent。 Sophisticated puter technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack。 puter vulnerability has been amply documented。 One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private puter systems are adequately protected against sabotage。 Organized criminal syndicate have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups。 Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics。 Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders。    
    (4)Sabotaging the puter of a lifesupport system    
     puters are used in hospital lifesupport system; in laboratories; and in major surgery。 Criminals could easily turn these puters into tools of devastation。     
    (5) The organized puter crime    
     The puter opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups; both national and international。     
    [A]It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts; because many of these crimes are too plex for one group to handle; especially those requiting a vast network of fences。 Although criminals have adapted to puter technology; law enforcement has not。 Many still think in terms of traditional criminology。    
    [B] An international market already exists for puterized data; and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market。 Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s petitors to foreign nations。    
    [C]Several attempts have already been made to destroy puter facility at an air force base。 A university puter facility involved in national defense work suffered more than2million in damages as a result of a bombing。    
    [D]Politically related sabotage could bring about a lot of disaster。    
    [E]Criminals could kill an individual as easily as they and used a gun。 By manipulating a puter; they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers。 Cities and nations could be e hostages。 Homicide could take a new form。 The puter may bee the hit man of the twentieth century。    
    [F]With the growing reliance by firms on puters for their record keeping and daily operations,sabotage of their puters can result in internal havoc; after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price。 Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the pany is a petitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime。    
    答案及解析    
    1。 B。 答题线索:上下文一致。从第一段我们可以了解到计算机新技术犯罪的类型。从本段我们可以知道所说的是计算机化的数据犯罪问题。由此,我们可以推断出第一句中心句所说的应该就是关于数据犯罪的问题。所以,我们不难选出该项为正确答案。    
    2。 F。答题线索:段落一致性。从本段我们可以了解到其大意是计算机的破坏给企业所带来的影响。而有些公司则利用这一点来达到其不可告人的目的。通过本段的大意,我们可以看到选项F正好符合题意,为正确答案。    
    3。 C。答题线索:段落一致性。本句这段所举的例子:摧毁一空军基地的计算机设施和大学计算机设施的爆炸,这些都是具有政治目的性的破坏,也就是属于第一段所说的〃与政治有关的破坏〃。很明显,选项C的意思与其相一致,因此为正确答案。    
    4。 E。答题线索:段落一致性。通读本句的文段内容,我们可以了解到计算机很容易遭到犯罪集团的破坏。也就是说不管是政府的计算机还是私人的计算机系统都很容易遭到计算机罪犯的破坏,换一句话就是说政府和私人的计算机系统都还没有足够的防破坏的能力。通过这样的逻辑分析,我们就可以不难选出E项为正确答案。    
    5。 A。答题线索:上下文一致。纵观全文,我们可以知道整篇文章所说的都是关于计算机技术犯罪的问题。而在最后我们可以推断出作者应该是发表了他对此的观点和看法。从C项我们可以看出作者提出了法制还需健全的观点,对计算机的犯罪我们不应该还停留在用传统的犯罪学来思考问题。因此,选择A为正确答案。    
    译文    
    随着计算机技术的出现,产生了新的奇怪的犯罪。有组织的犯罪团伙也直接参与:新技术为犯罪提供了无数的机会:如数据信息犯罪、偷窃服务项目、与财产有关的犯罪、工业破坏、与政治有关的破坏、对文化的破坏、针对个人的犯罪和与金融有关的犯罪等。    
    偷窃数据或数据犯罪。它已引起有组织的犯罪辛迪加(集团)的兴趣。通常这是偷窃或抄袭珍贵的计算机程序。关于计算机化的数据已有了国际市场,据说在这种迅速扩大的犯罪市场上专业化的电子栅栏起着关键作用。这种盗版程序的买主有公司的竞争对手也有国外竞争对手。    
    破坏一个公司的计算机系统。该行为的目的是破坏或削弱公司的运行能力,从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门的竞争能力。计算机的破坏也可能牵扯到富裕的投资者想得到受害公司的企图。由于公司越来越多地依靠计算机进行记录贮存和日常运行,对计算机的破坏会导致内部大浩劫。此后有意得到该公司的集团会以相当低的价格轻而易举地把它买到手。如果这个公司是由有组织的犯罪,操纵和控制的企业的对手,则该犯罪团伙也可能利用破坏。    
    有政治动机的破坏正在上升。在每个大陆都兴起了政治极端分子集团。复杂的计算机技术用可怕的力量武装了这些集团,而且打开了许多技术先进的国家让他们攻击。为了摧毁一个空军基地的计算机设施,他们已进行了多次尝试。与国家防卫工作有关的一个大学计算机设施由于一次爆炸损失200万美元以上。计算机屡遭破坏的情况已多有记载。一个国会的调查表明;无论是政府还是私人的计算机系统都没有足够的防破坏能力。有组织的犯罪集团已表示他们想与政治集团合作的愿望。调查已发现犯罪集团和外国政府在麻醉剂方面的合作。犯罪集团已多次试图暗杀政治领导人。    
    破坏生命维持系统的计算机。计算机应用于医院的生命维持系统、实验室以及重大手术。罪犯们会很容易地把这些计算机变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维持系统的计算机,罪犯可以像用枪一样容易杀人。通过操纵计算机,他们可以引导这些恐怖的工具攻击大的城市中心。城市和国家都可能变成人质。谋杀会有一种新形式。计算机可能会成为20世纪的职业杀手。    
    有组织的计算机犯罪。计算机为国内外有组织地犯罪集团开辟了广阔的犯罪领域。它要求他们集中资源,增强合作力量,因为许多这种犯罪太复杂,一个集团难以处理,特别是那些需要庞大的电子栅栏网络的犯罪。虽然罪犯已适应了计算机技术,但法制还没有。许多人还用传统的犯罪学思考问题。    
    三    
    Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect。 Our heroes are athletes; entertainers; and entrepreneurs; not scholars。 Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge。 Symptoms of pervasive anti…intellectualism in our schools aren' t difficult to find。    
    (1) Schools; a counterbalance    
    〃Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual;〃 says education writer Diane Ravitch。    
    But they could and should be。 Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control。 Without the ability to think critically; to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others; they cannot fully participate in our democracy。     
    (2)Intelligence; noble qualities    
    〃Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege;〃 writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti…Intellectualism in American life; a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti…intellectualism in US politics; religion; and education。     
    (3)Schools; limit developing    
    Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children。    
    (4)Inteligence differs from intellect    
    Intellect is the critical; creative; and contemplative side of the mind。 Intelligence seeks to grasp; manipulate; re…order; and adjust; while intellect examines; ponders; wonders; theorizes; criticizes and imagines。    
    (5)Intellect is still suspicious    
    School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted。     
    [A]Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise。”    
    [B]“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and e out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing。”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti…intellectualism。 Its hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness。    
    [C] Continuing along this path; says writer Earl Shorris; we will bee a second…rate country。 We will have a less civil society。    
    [D]From the beginning of our history; says Hofstadter; our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。     
    [E]Razitch’s latest bock; Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms; traces the roots of anti…intellectualism in our schools; concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits。    
    [F]Intellect; according to Hofstadter; is different from native intelligence; a quality we reluctantly admire。     
    答案及解析    
    1。 E。本文第一段指出美国社会中对知识学习轻视的倾向,那么接下来就要用具体例子对其进行论述,E项中的anti—intellectualism是对第一段最后一句的中心词的重复;并且E项中的counterbalance也出现在本段中心句中,由此可判断答案为E。    
    2。 D。本段引用历史学家豪夫斯台德的话,论证了知识是一种高尚的资质,而不是权力或特权。由

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