°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÌåÓýµç×ÓÊé > °Í·ÆÌØ >

µÚ19ÕÂ

°Í·ÆÌØ-µÚ19ÕÂ

С˵£º °Í·ÆÌØ ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



ÕâÒ»µã£¬°Í·ÆÌØ˵£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÈ·ÊÇͬ·ÈË¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ²¨¿ËÏÄ1997ÄêµÄÄ걨ÉÏдµ½£¬ÓÐÒ»µãÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã¼ÓÒÔ˵Ã÷£¬ÎÒÃǵÄ
Ͷ×ÊÓÐʱºòÒ²·´Ó³³ö¸Ç¿ÉµÄÐÁÆÕÉ­µÄͶ×Ê£¬ÐÁÆÕÉ­¶ÀÁ¢¾­Óª¼ÛÖµ¶þÊ®ÒÚÃÀÔªµÄͶ
×Ê×éºÏ£¬ÓÐʱºòÕâºÍÎÒ¾­ÊÖµÄͶ×Ê×éºÏÖصþ£¬ÓÐʱºò£¬ËûºÍÎÒ¸÷Óв»Í¬µÄͶ×Ê·½
Ïò¡£¡¡

µÚ°ËÕ¡¡²¨¿ËÏÄÊÂÒµ°æͼÆÄÎö¡¡

¡¶Ò»¾ÅÁù¡ðÄê´ú¡·¡¡

ÃÀ¹úÔËͨ¹«Ë¾¡¡

Ò»¾ÅÁù¡ðÄê´ú³õÆÚ£¬°Í·ÆÌØ×öÁËÖØ´ó¾ö¶¨Ö®Ò»£¬¾ÍÊÇ´óÊֱʵÄͶ×ÊÃÀ¹úÔËͨ
¹«Ë¾¡£¡¡

1963Äêµ×£¬·¢ÉúÁËÌáŵ£®µÂ°²½ÜÀû˹ɫÀ­ÓͳóÎÅ£¬ÒòΪÃÀ¹úÔËͨµÄÒ»¸ö×Ó
¹«Ë¾£¬ÎªÒ»ÅúÒÔαÔìÎļþËͽøŦÔóÎ÷ÖÝ´¢ÓͲ۵ÄÉ«À­ÓÍ£¬¿ª¾ß²Öµ¥£¬ºóÀ´·¢ÏÖ£¬


¡¡

ÕâЩ´¢ÓͲÛÄÚ×°µÄ¼¸ºõÊÇË®£¬ÃÀ¹úÔËͨ·¢ÏÖ¿ÉÄÜÒªÒò´ËÅâÉϺü¸°ÙÍòÃÀÔª£¬Õâ¹É
ÔÍÄðÖеÄΣ»ú£¬ºÜ¿ÉÄÜ»áʹ¹É¶«È¨Òæһɨ¶ø¿Õ£¬Èøù«Ë¾¿ÕÓฺ¾»Öµ¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØ˵£¬µ±½Ü³öÆóÒµ·¢ÉúÅÓ´ó¡¢µ«¿É磽âµÄΣ»úʱ£¬¾ÍÊǾø¼ÑµÄͶ×Êʱ»ú¡£¡¡

¼«Á¦Óµ»¤Æ·ÅÆÌØÐíȨµÄ°Í·ÆÌØ£¬·Ç³£Ï²»¶ÃÀ¹úÔËͨµÄÐÅÓÿ¨ÓëÂÃÐÐ֧Ʊҵ
Îñ£¬ÇÒ¶ÏÑԸù«Ë¾¾ß±¸ÄÑÒÔ¹¥¿ËµÄʵÁ¦£¬ÆäÇ¿¶È×ãÒÔʹ¸Ã¹«Ë¾¶É¹ýÕâ¸öΣ»ú£¬°Í
·ÆÌØÔç¾ÍÁ˽âÀûÓñðÈËÇ®²ÆµÄÔ­Ôò£¬ËûÖªµÀÃÀ¹úÔË֮ͨËùÒÔÄܹ»³ÉΪÓÅÁ¼µÄÆó
Òµ£¬ÊÇÒòΪ¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄÂÃÐÐ֧ƱʹËûÎÕÓÐÅÓ´óµÄ¸¡´æ½ð¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÃ÷°×£¬Ï൱ÓÚµÍÀû´û¿îµÄ¸¡´æ½ð£¬¾ßÓÐÏ൱µÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬Òò´ËËûËÄ´¦±¼×ߣ¬
ÒÔÈ·±£ÁýÕÖÃÀ¹úÔËͨµÄÎÚÔÆ£¬²»ÖÁÓÚÓ°Ïìµ½¸Ã¹«Ë¾±¾Éí£¬ÔÚ°ÂÂê¹þµÄ²ÍÌüÓëÆäËü
É̵꣬Ëû»áÕ¾ÔÚÊÕ¿î»úºóÃæ͵¿ú£¬¿´¿´Ò»°ãÈË»¹Óò»ÓÃÃÀ¹úÔËͨ¿¨¼°ÆäÂÃÐÐ֧Ʊ¡£¡¡

¾­¹ýÒ»·¬¹Û²ìÖ®ºó£¬Ëû·¢ÏÖÉ̼һ¹ÊÇÕÕÑù½ÓÊÜÃÀ¹úÔËͨ¿¨£¬ÕýÒòΪÃÀ¹úÔËͨ
¿¨ÈÔÄÜ·¢ÐÐÎÞ×裬¶øÇÒÕâ¸ö½ðÈÚµÛ¹úÒÀÈ»ºÁ·¢ÎÞËð£¬ËùÒÔ°Í·ÆÌر㹺Èë¸Ã¹«Ë¾¼Û
¸ñÒ»õê²»ÕñµÄ¹ÉƱ£¬1964Ä꣬ËûÒÔ°Í·ÆÌغϻïÆóÒµ¾»ÖµµÄ40£¥£¬Ô¼µ±Ò»Ç§Èý°ÙÍò
ÃÀÔª£¬¹ºÂòÃÀ¹úÔËͨ5£¥µÄ¹ÉƱ£¬µ±Ê±¸Ã¹«Ë¾¹É¼Û´Óÿ¹É65ÃÀÔªµøµ½35ÃÀÔª¡£¡¡

´Ë¾ÙÎ¥·´ÁËËû×Ô¶©µÄÔ­Ôò£¬Ò༴²»Óó¬¹ýºÏ»ïÊÂÒµ25£¥µÄ×ʽðͶ×ʵ¥Ò»±ê
µÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÕâÖ®ºó£¬ËûÓÖÖØдÁíÒ»Ïî¹æ¶¨£¬Ò༴¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¼¨ÓŹ«Ë¾ÔÝÊܶÙäSʱ¹ºÈë
Æä¹ÉƱ£¬ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´Á½ÄêÖ®¼ä£¬ÃÀ¹úÔËͨµÄ¹É¼Û·­ÉýÁËÈý±¶£¬¸ù¾Ý×ÊÁÏÏÔʾ£¬°Í·Æ
ÌغϻïÆóÒµÔÚ³öÊÛÕâÅú¹ÉƱʱ£¬»ñÀû¶þǧÍòÃÀÔª£¬µ«ÊÇ°Í·ÆÌصĻñÀûÏÔÈ»²»Ö¹ÓÚ
´Ë£¬ÒòΪÉÏÊö×ÊÁÏÖ¸³ö£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ¹ºÈëÃÀ¹úÔËͨ¹ÉƱÁ½ÄêÖ®ºóÂô³ö£¬µ«ÊÇ°Í·ÆÌØ
Ôø¾­¸æËß°ÂÂê¹þÊÀ½çÇ°·æ±¨£¬Ëû³ÖÓÐÃÀ¹úÔËͨ¹ÉƱ´ïËÄÄêÖ®¾Ã£¬ÃÀ¹úÔËͨµÄ¹ÉƱ
ÔÚÎåÄêÖ®¼ä£¬´Óÿ¹É35ÃÀÔªÕǵ½189ÃÀÔª£¬°Í·ÆÌظøÎÒÃǵÄÆôʾÊÇ£¬µ±¼¨ÓŹ«
˾ÃæÁÙΣ»úʱ£¬²»·Á¶àÇƼ¸ÑÛ¡£¡¡

Ì«Ñô±¨¹«Ë¾¡¡

²¨¿ËÏÄÔÚ1969Ä꣬´ÓÀûÆÕϯÊÖÖУ¬ÂòÏ°ÂÂê¹þµ±µØµÄÌ«Ñô±¨¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâÊÇ°Í
·ÆÌØͶ×ʵĵÚÒ»¼Ò±¨É磬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚÆìÏÂÖÚ¶àµÄýÌåÊÂÒµÖУ¬Ëù°çÑݵļ¸ºõÖ»ÊÇÈ«
ȻͶעÓÚÆóÒµ¾­ÓªÃæµÄ½ÇÉ«£¬µ«ÊÇÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»´Î£¬Ëû¶Ô±à¼­Ì¨²úÉúÁËÖØ´óµÄÓ°Ï죬
ËûÔÚ½Ò·¢°ÂÂê¹þÄк¢³ÇµÄ³óÎÅʼþÖУ¬°çÑÝ׏ؼüÐԵĽÇÉ«¡£¡¡


¡¡

1917Ä꣬һλÊÝÊݸ߸ߵİ®¶ûÀ¼ÌìÖ÷½ÌÉñ¸¸·¨À¼Äɸù£¬»¨Á˾ÅÊ®ÃÀÔª×âÏÂ
ÁËÒ»¶°Î»ÓÚ°ÂÂê¹þµÄά¶àÀûÑÇʽ·¿×Ó£¬ËûÔÚÕⶰÓд©Ì÷çµÄ·¿×ÓÀÊÕÈÝÁËÎå¸ö
Î޼ҿɹéµÄÄк¢£¬Õâ¸öÁ÷ÀËÕßÖ®¼ÒÀ©³äµÄºÜ¿ì£¬Õâ¸ö»ú¹¹²»µ«ÔÚÇ¿¶øÓÐÁ¦µÄÁìµ¼
Ö®ÏÂ×Â׳³É³¤£¬¶øÇÒÒ²³ÉΪһ¸öÇ¿ÊƵĽðÈÚÖÐÐÄ£¬Ëû°ïÖúÁ˹¿àÎÞÒÀµÄº¢×Ó£¬µ«
ÊÇÈç¹ûËûÄܺúþ­ÓªÓþè¿îËù¹¹³ÉµÄÅÓ´óͶ×Ê×éºÏ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖú¸ü¶àµÄº¢×Ó¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ1972Ä꣬½ÓÊܵ±Ê±µ£È몶û½ÖÈÕ±¨¼ÇÕßµÄÁº·ÃÎÊ£¬Õâƪ±¨µ¼³ÙÖÁ
1977Äê²Å¿¯³ö£¬ÎÒÖªµÀ¹úË°¾Ö¹æ¶¨´ÈÉÆ»ù½ð»á±ØÐ빫²¼ËûÃǵIJÆÎñ×´¿ö£¬ÓÚÊÇ
ÎÒÇë±à¼­ÕÒ³öÄк¢³ÇµÄµµ°¸£¬ÔÚ³ï×ʳÉÁ¢¹«Ë¾Ö®¼ÊÎÒ¾ÍÌý˵¹ýºÜ¶à¹ØÓÚÄк¢³ÇµÄ
´«ÑÔ£¬ËµËûÃÇÓµÓдóÅú¹ÉƱ£¬µ«Êǵ±ÎÒʵ¼Ê·¢ÏÖ£¬Õâ¸ö¾­³£º°ÇÕչ˲»µ½Æß°Ù
Ãûº¢Í¯µÄ»ú¹¹£¬ÀÛ»ýµÄ×ʲú¾¹È»³¬¹ý¶þÒÚÃÀԪʱ£¬ÎÒ»¹ÊÇÏŵÃÕÅ¿Ú½áÉà¡£¡¡

ˮţ³ÇÐÂÎű¨µÄ·¢ÐÐÈËÔÚд¸ø×÷ÕßµÄÐÅÖÐдµ½©U¡¡

Äк¢³ÇµÄ¹ÊÊÂÁé¸ÐÀ´×ÔÓÚ°Í·ÆÌØ£¬°Í·ÆÌØ¡¢Ì«Ñô±¨±à¼­ÍþÁ®Ë¹ºÍÎÒ£¬¾­³£ÔÚ
°Í·ÆÌؼÒÄÔÁ¦¼¤µ´£¬ÌÖÂÛÈçºÎΪ̫Ñô±¨Ð´Ò»Æªµ÷²é¡¢»òÆóÒµÐÔÖʵı¨µ¼£¬×öΪһ
·ÝÖÜ¿¯£¬ÎÒÃÇÎÞ·¨ºÍÈÕ±¨ÓëµçÊÓýÌåÇÀºÅÍ⣬ËùÒÔÎÒÃDZØÐëΪ¹«Ë¾Ð´³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¶«
Î÷¡£¡¡

ÔÚÒ»´Î¾Û»áÀ°Í·ÆÌØÌáµ½Äк¢³ÇµÄÊ£¬ÓÚÊÇÍþÁ®Ë¹ºÍÎҾͿªÊ¼Ñо¿Õâ¸öÌâ
Ä¿£¬±£ÂÞÊÇÕû¸öµ÷²éС×éµÄÁìµ¼ÈËÓë×éÖ¯ÈË£¬ËûºÍÎÒÒ»Æð¼Æ»­µ÷²é²ßÂÔ¡¢·ÃÎÊʱ
»ú£¬²¢¹²Í¬Ñо¿ÊÕ¼¯À´µÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£¡¡

ºóÀ´£¬Ò»Æª²»´íµÄ±¨µ¼ÖÕÓÚÓÐÁ˳ûÐΣ¬µ«ÊÇ»¹²»¹»¾«²Ê£¬°Í·ÆÌØÊǹؼüÈËÎ
ÒòΪÊÇËû¸æËßÎÒÃǹúË°¾Ö990±í¸ñÉÏÐÂÔöÁËÒ»Ìõ¹æ¶¨£¬ÒòΪ¹ú»á¸Õ¸Õͨ¹ýÒ»Ïî·¨
°¸£¬¹æ¶¨ËùÓлù½ð»á±ØÐ빫¿ª×ʲú£¬µ±ÎÒÃÇ´Ó»ªÊ¢¶Ùµ÷À´Äк¢³ÇµÄ990±í¸ñʱ£¬
·¢ÏÖÕâ·Ý³¤´ïÒ»°ÙÒ³µÄ±¨¸æÏÔʾ£¬ËûÃdzֹÉ×ÜÖµ¸ß´ï¶þÒÚһǧ¾Å°ÙÍòÃÀÔª£¬ÎÒÓÃ
ÄÔÁ¦¼¤µ´µÄ·½Ê½Æð²Ý±¨µ¼ÄÚÈÝ£¬²¢ÇÒ·´¸´¼ìÔÄд³öÀ´µÄ¶«Î÷£¬È»ºóÔÙÓÉÍþÁ®Ë¹¼Ó
ÒÔ·¢»Ó£¬ÎªÁ˲»ÈÃÏûÏ¢Íâй£¬µ±µ÷²é½øÐе½×îºó½×¶Îʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÈÃËÄλ¼ÇÕß´ø×ŵç
»°¡¢×À×ӺͼÒô»ú£¬½øפÍþÁ®Ë¹¼ÒµÄµØÏÂÊÒ¡£¡¡

ûÓаͷÆÌØ£¬¾ÍûÓÐÕâƪ±¨µ¼£¬¸üûÓÐÆÕÁ¢×Ƚ±£¬Õâ¼þÊÂÓÉËûÌáÆð£¬990±í
¸ñÒ²ÊÇËû¸æËßÎÒÃǵģ¬È»ºóÔÙÓÉËû·ÖÎö×ܹ²¼ÛÖµ¶þÒÚһǧ¾Å°ÙÍòÃÀÔªµÄ×ʲú¡£¡¡


¡¡

Õâƪ±¨µ¼ÔÚ1973Ä꣬Ôڵط½Ìر𱨵¼ÏîÄ¿Ó®µÃÆÕÁ¢×Ƚ±£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ1981
ÄêÂôµôÌ«Ñô±¨£¬¸Ã±¨ÓÚ1983ÄêÍ£¿¯¡£¡¡

Âó˹Íþ¶ûµ±ÄêÔøÊǸñ¨µÄËͱ¨Éú£¬ÏÖÔÚÊÇλÓÚ°ÂÂê¹þµÄϯ¶ûʵÑéÊÒµÄÒ©Æ·Òµ
Îñ´ú±í£¬Ëû»ØÒäÔçÆÚΪ¸Ã±¨¹¤×÷µÄÇéÐΣ¬ÎÒËͱ¨ËÍÁËÎåÄ꣬¶ÔÒ»·ÝÂôÊ®Îåÿ·ÖµÄ
±¨Ö½À´Ëµ£¬ÎÒµÄнˮËãÊDz»ÉÙ£¬ÎҼǵÃÿËÍÒ»·Ý±¨Ö½ÎÒ¿ÉÒԵõ½ÎåÃÀ·Ö£¬È»ºóËû
ÓÖ²¹³ä£¬ÎÒÖ»ºó»Úµ±³õû°Ñ´æÏÂÀ´µÄÇ®·Åµ½²¨¿ËÏÄ£¬Ê±ÖÁ½ñÈÕ£¬Ì«Ñô±¨ÒѾ­Í£¿¯£¬
¶øÄк¢³Ç½è×ŶàÄêÀ´½¨Á¢ÆðµÄÁ¼ºÃÉùÓþ£¬¼ÌÐø°ïÖúÉÏǧÃûÄêÇẢ×Ó¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌضÔÁºÍ¸Â¶£¬ËûΪʲô¾õµÃ±¨Ö½±ÈÆäËüÆóÒµÓÐȤ£¬ÎÒÃDz»µÃ²»³ÐÈÏ£¬±¨
Ö½±ÈÆäËüÐÐÒµ£¬ÀýÈ磬ÖÆÔì»ð³µ³µ¹³£¬ÒªÓÐȤ¶àÁË£¬ÎÒ¾ø¶Ô²»¸ÉÉæÎÒ±¨ÉçµÄ±à¼­
¹¤×÷£¬Ö»ÊÇÒÔÉíΪÕâ¸ö¾ßÓнÌÓýÉç»á¹¦ÄÜ»ú¹¹ÖеÄÒ»·Ý×ÓΪÈÙ¡£¡¡

¡¶»ªÊ¢¶ÙÔ¿¯¡·¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÆðÏȲ¢Ã»Óн«Äк¢³ÇµÄ³óΟæËß×Ô¼ºÓµÓеı¨Ö½£¬¶øÊÇ͸¶¸øËûµÄÅó
ÓÑPeters£¬ËûÊÇ¡¶»ªÊ¢¶ÙÔ¿¯¡·µÄ·¢ÐÐÈË£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ´ËÒ²ÓÐС²¿·ÝͶ×Ê¡£¡¡

ÎÒ°ÑÕâ¸öÏûÏ¢¸æËß¼ÇÕߣ¬ËûÃǺóÀ´¾ö¶¨²»×·×ÙÏÂÈ¥£¬ÎÒ»³ÒÉËûÃǵÄÀíÓÉÊÇ£¬
Ͷ×ÊÈ˵ÄÖ÷ÒâÄÑÃâ¿ÉÒÉ£¬°Í·ÆÌØÓÚÊÇ°ÑÕâÔòÐÂÎŽ»¸ø°ÂÂê¹þµÄÒ»¼Ò±¨É磬ËûÃǺó
À´»¹ÒòÕâƪ±¨µ¼µÃÁËÆÕÁ¢×Ƚ±¡£¡¡

PetersÔÚÊéÖÐÃèÊö°Í·ÆÌØ¡¢Âå¿Ë·ÆÀÕºÍÂí¿Ë˹ÈçºÎ¿ªÊ¼Í¶×ÊÔÓÖ¾£¬ËûÒ²Ìá
µ½µ±Ê±°Í·ÆÌØÇëËû½éÉÜÓë¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÈÏʶµÄ¾­¹ý©U¡¡

ÔÚÂå¿Ë·ÆÀÕºÍÂí¿Ë˹´ðÓ¦¶îÍâ×ÊÖúÖ®ºó£¬ÎÒÃÇ×ܹ²Ä¼µÃÊ®ÍòÃÀÔª£¬È»ºóÂå¿Ë
·ÆÀվͰÑÎÒ½éÉܸø°Í·ÆÌØ£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ1969Ä꣬ºÍÁ½¸öÅóÓÑÒ»Æð·Éµ½»ªÊ¢¶Ù£¬Ëû
ÃÇÊÇÀ´×ÔÓÚ±±¿¨ÂÞÀ³ÄÉÖݵÄÂÞÉ­°Ø¸ñÓëʷ̹±´¿Ë£¬Ê·Ì¹±´¿ËÊÇÖøÃûÍ·Í´Ò©·¢Ã÷Õß
µÄ¼Ì³ÐÈË£¬ËûÃÇͬÒâÌṩʣÏÂÀ´µÄÎåÍòÃÀÔª£¬ÎÒÃÇÄÃÁËÕâ±ÊÇ®£¬È´¹¦°Ü´¹³É¡£¡¡

ÎÒÃǵÄÔÓÖ¾ÔÚÎÄѧ·½ÃæÏíÓм«¸ßµÄÆÀ¼Û£¬µ«ÊDzÆÎñ×´¿öÈ´Ò»Ö±²»Îȶ¨£¬Âå¿Ë
·ÆÀպͰͷÆÌص½Å¦Ô¼£¬È¥ÎÊÖøÃûµÄÔÓÖ¾¹ËÎʿ±´¿Ë£¬¡¶»ªÊ¢¶ÙÔ¿¯¡·»¹ÓÐûÓÐÏ£
Íû£¬°Í·ÆÌضԻú¹¹Í¶×ÊÈ˵Ä×÷Õß¿ªÆÕÀ¼ÁôÏÂÁËÉî¿ÌµÄÓ¡Ïó£¬Ëû˵£¬Èç¹û¿ªÆÕÀ¼Ô¸
Òâ½Ó¹Ü¡¶»ªÊ¢¶ÙÔ¿¯¡·Ö±µ½ÒµÎñ²½ÈëÕý¹ì£¬ËûÔ¸ÒâÔÙÄóöÎåÍòÃÀÔª¡£¡¡

µ«ÊǾÅÔ³õ°Í·ÆÌØ´òµç»°¹ýÀ´£¬ÎÒÃÇ´óԼ̸ÁËÎåÊ®·ÖÖÓ£¬Õâ¶Î̸»°ÏÔʾ°Í·Æ
ÌØÄÚÐĵĽ»Õ½£¬ÎҺܸм¤Ëû¶ÔÎÒÃǵĶ¦Á¦ÏàÖú£¬Ò²ÄÜÁ½âËûÈÏΪ×îºÃµÄ½â¾ö·½Ê½


¡¡

¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈÃÔÓÖ¾Òò²ÆÎñÀ§ÄѶøÍ£¿¯£¬ËùÒÔÔÚ̸»°ÖУ¬µ±Ëû²»±íʾԸÒâ¼ÌÐø²ÎÓëʱ£¬
ÎÒûÓÐÒò´Ë¶øÉúÆø£¬ÎÒËäÈ»²»ÉúÆø£¬µ«ÊÇÈ´ÓÐ×ßͶÎÞ·µÄ¸Ð¾õ£¬ÒòΪÎÒÖªµÀ£¬Èç
¹ûÒªÈÃÕâ·ÝÔÓÖ¾¼ÌÐøÉú´æÏÂÈ¥£¬¾Í±ØÐëÁôסËû£¬ÎÒÃǵÄ̸»°Ò»Ö±ÔÚÈÆȦ×Ó£¬°Í·Æ
ÌزîÒ»µã¾ÍÒªÍ˳ö£¬¶øÎÒÔòÊÔ×ÅÂýÂý°ÑËûÀ­»ØÀ´£¬ÎÒÃǾÍÕâÑù·´¸´Ìø×ÅÕâֻ˫ÈË
Î裬Äܹ»³ÉΪÒÚÍò¸»ÎÌ£¬Ö¤Ã÷°Í·ÆÌØÒ»µãÒ²²»±¿£¬Ëû²»¶ÏÏë°ì·¨ÕÒÀíÓÉÍÑÉí£¬Ëû
ÿÕÒÒ»¸öÀíÓÉ£¬ÎҾͼ¸ºõÁÙ·è¿ñ״̬£¬ÎÒµÄÄÔ½îÒÔ×î¸ßËÙÔËת£¬ÎªµÄ¾ÍÊÇÒª¶Âס
ËûËùÓеijö·¡£¡¡

×îºó£¬ËûÖÕÓÚͬÒâÁôÏÂÀ´£¬ÄÇÒ»¿Ì£¬ÎÒÊܵ½Ç°ËùδÓеĹÄÎ裬°Í·ÆÌØÄÚÐĸ»
ͬÇéÐĵÄÒ»Ã棬սʤÁ˾«Ã÷Ͷ×ÊÈ˵ÄÒ»Ãæ¡£¡¡

Peters˵£¬ËûµÄ¹É¶«ºÜÉÙÒòΪÓÐÇóÓÚËû²Å´òµç»°À´£¬Èç¹ûËûÃÇÇëËû°ï棬
Ò²¶¼ÊdzöÓÚ´¿½àµÄ¶¯»ú£¬ÒÔ°Í·ÆÌØΪÀý£¬ËûÇëÎÒ°ïËû½éÉܸðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«£¬ÎÒÁ¢¿ÌÕÕ
°ì£¬½á¹ûËûÃǵÄÓÑÒêʹ˫·½»ñÒæÁ¼¶à£¬Ëû³ÉΪËýµÄÊ×ϯ½ðÈÚ¹ËÎÊ£¬Ò²ÊÇ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓÊ
±¨¹«Ë¾×îÖØÒªµÄС¹É¶«£¬ËûÃÇÈñ˴˶¼±ÈÏàʶÒÔÇ°¸»Ô£Ðí¶à£¬ÎÒµ±³õÓ¦¸ÃÒªÇó·Ö
¸ö10£¥¡£¡¡

¡¶Ò»¾ÅÆß¡ðÄê´ú¡·¡¡

¡¶»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨¹«Ë¾¡·¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÊÇÔÚ1973Äê´ºÏÄÖ®¼Ê£¬¹ºÈë¼ÛֵһǧÁãÁùÊ®ÍòÃÀÔªµÄ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨¹«
˾¹ÉƱ£¬´ËÏîͶ×Êʹ²¨¿ËÏijÉΪ¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«¼Ò×åÖ®Í⣬»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨×î´óµÄ¹É¶«¡£¡¡

ÎÒÃÇÔÚ¼¸¸öÔÂÄÚ£¬·Ö¶þÊ®´Î¹ºÈëÕâЩ¹ÉƱ£¬ËûºóÀ´Ëµ£¬ÔÚÉúÃüÖУ¬ÓÐЩÊÂÇé
»á·¢ÉúµÄËٶȺܿ죬»ù±¾ÉÏ£¬Ëû¶Ô¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÓÐÏ൱³Ì¶ÈµÄÁ˽⣬Ëû¿´×ÅÕâ¼Ò¹«
˾µÄ¹ÉƱ¹«¿ªÉÏÊУ¬µ«Êdzɼ¨È´²»ºÜÀíÏ룬ÎÒÖªµÀ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨Ò»¶¨»á±íÏֵıÈÐÇ
³½±¨ºÃ£¬ËäÈ»²»Ò»¶¨»áÈÃÐdz½±¨µ¹±Õ£¬µ«Ò»¶¨»á±ÈËüºÃ¡£¡¡

¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÔÚËý»ñµÃÆÕÁ¢×Ƚ±µÄ¸öÈËÀúÊ·Ò»ÊéÖÐдµ½£¬°Í·ÆÌصIJ¨¿ËÏĹ«
˾£¬ÔÚ1973ÄêÂòϱ¾¹«Ë¾10£¥µÄB¼¶¹ÉƱ£¬ËûºóÀ´¸æËßÎÒ£¬ÆðÏÈËû²»Ì«Ô¸Ò⹫
¿ªÕâ¼þÊ£¬µ«ÊǺóÀ´¾õµÃÕâδ³¢²»ÊǼþºÃÊ£¬ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÎÒÒ²ÈÏΪÎÒÃÇÕâô×öÊǶÔ
µÄ£¬ËäÈ»ÎÒÈÔÈ»²»Ì«Ï²»¶¹«¿ªÖ®ºóÎÞÐÎÖÐÔö¼ÓµÄÔðÈΣ¬½»Ò׵ĴóÈÕ×Ó¶©ÔÚ6ÔÂ
15ÈÕ£¬µäÀñÔÚÃÀ¹úÖ¤½»ËùµÄ½»Ò×Ìü¾ÙÐУ¬°Í·ÆÌØÒÔ24¡£75ÃÀÔªµÄ¼Û¸ñÂòϵÚÒ»
¹É£¬µ«¶ÔÍ⹫²¼Ê±Ã¿¹ÉÊÇ26ÃÀÔª¡£¡¡


¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÕâ±ÊͶ×Ê£¬±ä³ÉËû×îºÃµÄͶ×ÊÖ®Ò»£¬ËûÔÚÒ»°ãÈË»¹Ã»ÓпªÊ¼×¢ÒâýÌå
¹É֮ǰ£¬½øÐÐÕâÏîͶ×Ê£¬µ±¸Ã±¨ÔÚ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÌØÇø¼¸ºõ³ÉΪ¢¶ÏÊÂÒµÖ®ºó£¬ÒÀÈ»³ÖÓÐ
¸Ã¹«Ë¾¹ÉƱ£¬»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨µÄ¹ÉƱÔÚ1971ÄêÉÏÊУ¬¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄB¼¶¹ÉÒÔÿ¹É6¡£5ÃÀ
Ôª·¢ÐУ¬¼¸ÄêÖ®ºó£¬±ãì­ÉýΪ480ÃÀÔª£¬Äê³É³¤Âʳ¬¹ý20£¥£¬A¼¶¹ÉÔòΪ¸ðÀ¼Ä·
Ì«Ì«¼Ò×å³ÖÓУ¬ËûÃÇÕÆÎÕÁ˶­Ê»áÈý·ÖÖ®¶þµÄͶƱȨ£¬»»ÑÔÖ®£¬¼´ÕÆÎÕÁ˸ù«Ë¾¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÒ»Éú¶ÔýÌåµÄÆ«ºÃ£¬³¬Ô½½ðÇ®ÉϵļÛÖµ£¬Õâ¹ÉÈÈÇéÔÚ¹ºÈ뻪ʢ¶ÙÓʱ¨
¹ÉƱʱ´ïµ½¶¥µã£¬Ëû¶ÔýÌåÊÂÒµÐËȤŨºñ£¬ºÍ¶¥¼â¼ÇÕß½áΪֿÓÑ£¬Ëû˵£¬Èç¹ûËû
µÄÌìÖ°²»ÊÇÉÌÒµ£¬ÄÇÒ»¶¨·ÇÐÂÎÅĪÊô£¬±Ï¾¹£¬ËûµÄ¸¸Ä¸Ç×ÊÇÔÚѧУµÄ±¨ÉçåâåË£¬
¶øËûÒ²Ôø¾­ÊÇÒ»ÃûÇڷܵĻªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨Ëͱ¨Éú¡£¡¡

Ëû¶ÔÐÂΞßÓмÇÕß°ãµÄÖ±¾õ£¬ÔÚÑ°ÕÒ±»µÍ¹ÀµÄ¹«Ë¾Ê±£¬Ò²ÈÚºÏÁËÃôÈñµÄÉúÒâ
Ðá¾õºÍ¼ÇÕßÉîÈëµ÷²éµÄ¼¼ÇÉ£¬Èç¹û°Í·ÆÌØͶÉíÐÂÎŽ磬һ¶¨»á³ÉΪ½Ü³öµÄÐÂÎżÇ
Õߣ¬µ«¹ûÕæÈç´Ë£¬Ëû׬µÄÇ®¿ÖÅÂÁ¬ÏÖÔÚÉú»îͶ×ÊËùµÃ²Æ¸»µÄһС²¿·Ý¶¼²»µ½¡£¡¡

1973Ä꣬»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨¹«Ë¾×ܹ²·¢ÐÐÁË´óԼһǧËÄ°ÙÍò¹É¹ÉƱ£¬ÆäÖмÛÖµ¶þ
°ÙÆßÊ®ÍòÃÀÔª£¬¾ßÓпØÖÆȨµÄA¼¶¹É¾ùΪ¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ËùÓУ¬Ëý³öÉí¸»Ô£¼ÒÍ¥£¬¸¸
Ç×ÊÇÒѹʵÄÖøÃû¹²ºÍµ³»ª¶û½Ö¹¤Òµ¼ÒÓë½ðÈÚ¼ÒÂõ¶û£¬ËûÔÚ1933ÄêÒÔ°ËÊ®¶þÍòÎå
ǧÃÀÔªÂòÏ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨£¬µ±ÄêËûµÄÅ®¶ùÊ®ÁùË꣬Âõ¶ûÔÚ1946Ä꣬½«Å®Ðö·ÆÀûÆÕ£®¸ð
À¼Ä·ÈÎÃüΪ¸Ã±¨·¢ÐÐÈË¡£¡¡

1973ÄêÖÁ1974Äê¼ä¹ÉÊбÀÅÌ£¬ÕⲨÕðµ´¸Õ¿ªÊ¼Ê±£¬»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨µÄ¹ÉƱ´Ó¸Õ
·¢ÐÐʱµÄÿ¹É6¡£5ÃÀÔª£¬ºóÀ´¾­¹ý·Ö¸î£¬¹É¼Ûµ÷Ϊ4ÃÀÔª£¬°Í·ÆÌØ´óΪÕ𾪣¬Òò
´ËÂòÁËһǧÁãÁùÊ®ÍòÃÀÔªµÄÓʱ¨¹ÉƱ£¬Õ¼¸Ã¹«Ë¾B¼¶¹ÉµÄ12£¥£¬Ï൱Óڸù«Ë¾Ëù
ÓйÉƱµÄ10£¥£¬Ã¿¹É4ÃÀÔªÒâζ¸Ã¹«Ë¾ÕûÌå¼ÛÖµ¹À¼ÆΪ°ËǧÍòÃÀÔª£¬ËûÃÇûÓÐÈÎ
ºÎÕ®Îñ£¬°Í·ÆÌص±Ê±ÈÏΪ¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄ¼ÛֵԼΪËÄÒÚÃÀÔª£¬µ«ÊÇÖ±µ½1981Ä꣬¸Ã¹«
˾µÄÊÐÖµ²Å´ïËÄÒÚÃÀÔª¡£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØÓÚ1993Äê¶Ô¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ´óѧÆó¹ÜѧԺµÄѧÉúÑݽ²Ê±Ö¸³ö©U¡¡

Ëæ±ãÎÊÎʸù«Ë¾Ö°Ô±£¬ËûÃǹ«Ë¾µÄ×ʲú¼ÛֵΪºÎ£¬´ó¶à»á˵´ó¸ÅÔÚËÄÒÚÃÀÔª
×óÓÒ£¬Èç¹ûÁ賿Á½µãÔÚ´óÎ÷Ñó¾ÙÐÐÅÄÂô»á£¬Ò²»áÓÐÈËÇ°À´Í¶±ê£¬º°¼ÛËÄÒÚÃÀÔªÏë
ÒªÂòÏÂÕâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾£¬ËûÃǵÄÖ÷¹Ü¼ÈʵÔÚÓÖÄܸɣ¬¶øÇÒ½«´ó²¿·Ö¸öÈ˾»Öµ¶¼·ÅÔÚ¹«Ë¾


¡¡

ÀÕâÖÖ×ö·¨°²È«µÃ½ÐÈËÄÑÒÔÖÃÐÅ£¬ÎÒ»á·ÅÐĴ󵨵İÑËùÓиöÈ˵ľ»Öµ·ÅÔÚÕâÀ
Ò»µãÒ²²»µ£ÐÄ¡£¡¡

1973Äêʱ£¬»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨¹«Ë¾µÄ×ÜÊÕÈëΪ¶þÒÚÃÀÔª£¬ÆìÏ»ú¹¹°üÀ¨»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓÊ
±¨¡¢ÐÂÎÅÖÜ¿¯¡¢Ê±´ú¡­Ç°·æ¹«Ë¾¡¢ËļҵçÊǪ́ºÍÒ»¼ÒÔìÖ½³§£¬ºóÕßΪ¸Ã¹«Ë¾Ìṩ
Á˴󲿷ֵÄÐÂÎÅÓÃÖ½¡£¡¡

¸ù¾Ý¾­Ñé·¨Ôò£¬Ò»¼Ò±íÏÖÓÅÒìµÄ±¨É磬ÆäÊÛ¼Û¿ÉÒԸߴïÆäÄêÊÕÈëµÄÁ½±¶°ë£¬
Óʱ¨¹«Ë¾µÄ¼ÛÖµËı¶ÓÚ°Í·ÆÌØËù¸¶³öµÄ´ú¼Û£¬°Í·ÆÌرíʾ£¬ËûÖ®ËùÒÔÄÜÓÃÈç´ËÀí
ÏëµÄ¼Û¸ñÂòµ½Óʱ¨µÄ¹ÉƱ£¬¶¼ÊÇÒòΪµ±Ê±Ò»°ãÈ˶ÔýÌå¹É²¢²»ÈÈÖС£¡¡

°Í·ÆÌعºÈëÓʱ¨¹ÉƱ֮ºóÁ½Ä꣬¸Ã¹ÉÒ»Ö±´¦ÓÚϵøµÄÇ÷ÊÆ£¬°Í·ÆÌصÄͶ×Ê´Ó
1973ÄêµÄһǧÍòÃÀÔª£¬µ½ÁË1974Äêµ×£¬±áΪ°Ë°ÙÍòÃÀÔª£¬1976Äê֮ǰ£¬Óʱ¨µÄ
¹ÉƱһֱÎÞ·¨³¬Ô½°Í·ÆÌعºÈëʱµÄ¼Û룬ÏÖÔÚ£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚÓʱ¨µÄͶ×ʼÛÖµÒѾ­¸ß
´ï°ËÒÚÃÀÔª¡£¡¡

Æð³õ£¬°Í·ÆÌØÓÐÈç²»ËÙÖ®¿Í£¬°²µÂÁÒ£®Âõ¶ûÊǸðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«µÄ¼ÒÍ¥ÓÑÈË£¨ºÍËý
¸¸Ä¸Âõ¶ûûÓйØϵ£©£¬µ±Ëû·¢ÏÖ°Í·ÆÌسÖÓÐÕâô¶àµÄÓʱ¨¹É·Ýʱ£¬ÏÔµÃÉõΪ²»Ôᣡ¡

Ëû¶ÔÈ«ÃÀ×î³É¹¦µÄͶ×ʼҰͷÆÌسÖÓÐÈç´ËÅÓ´óµÄÓʱ¨¹É·ÝÉõΪ²»ÔÃÒòΪËû
×Ô¼ºÒ²×ö¹ýÀàËƵÄÊ£¬ËùÒԷdz£»³ÒÉ°Í·ÆÌصĶ¯»ú£¬°²µÂÁÒ¾­³£ÌáÐÑÎÒÒªÌá·À°Í
·ÆÌØ£¬¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«»ØÒäµ½£¬ËûÈÏΪËùÓв»Çë×ÔÀ´µÄͶ×ÊÈË£¬¶Ô¹«Ë¾¶¼ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÍþв£¬
µ«ÊÇÎÒ×Ðϸ²é¹ý°Í·ÆÌصı³¾°£¬ÎÒÈÏΪÎÒÃÇÏ൱ÐÒÔË£¬Ëû¶Ô¹«Ë¾µÄÊ´Ӳ»²åÊÖ¸É
É棬ÊǸöÖµµÃ×ð¾´µÄÈË¡£¡¡

ËäÈ»¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÐÅÈΰͷÆÌØ£¬°²µÂÁÒ»¹ÊDz»·Å¹ýËû£¬¾­³£ÎÊ£¬ÄãµÄÀÏ°åÔÚÄÄ
À¡¡

°Í·ÆÌØͶ×ÊÓʱ¨¹«Ë¾ºó£¬Ð´ÁËÒ»·âПø¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«£¬µ±Ê±Ëý¶ÔÕâλ²»ÉõÁ˽⣬
µ«ÊÇÈ´ÓµÓÐÓʱ¨Èç´Ë´ó¹É·ÝµÄÈË£¬Ò²±§×ŲÂÒɵÄÐÄ̬£¬°Í·ÆÌØÔÚÐÅÖÐÏòËý±í°×£¬
˵Ëû¾ø¶ÔÎÞÒâ¶Ô¸Ã¹«Ë¾Ôì³ÉÍþв£¬ËûÒ²³ä·ÖÁ˽⣬ÒÔËý³ÖÓеĸù«Ë¾A¼¶¹ÉƱ£¬
ËýÕÆÎÕÁ˸ù«Ë¾µÄ¹ÜÀíȨ¡£¡¡

Îҷdz£Çå³þ£¬Óʱ¨ÊÇÓɸðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«¿ØÖƹÜÀí£¬ÎÒ¾õµÃÕâÑùºÜºÃ£¬ËûÔÚÐÅÉÏ˵£¬
ºóÀ´£¬Õâ·âÐű»Äå³ÆΪÇ×°®µÄ¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«¡£¡¡


¡¡

¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÏëÖªµÀÕâ¸öÀ´×Ô°ÂÂê¹þµÄ¼Ò»ï£¬µ½µ×ÊÇʲôÑùµÄÈËÎÎÒ¼±µÃÍÅ
ÍÅת£¬Ö±Ëµ£¬Õâ¸öÈËÊÇË­£¿¡¡ËûÊÇÔõôÑùµÄÈË£¿¡¡Ëû»á¶ÔÎÒÃǵĹ«Ë¾Ôì³ÉÍþвÂ𣿡¡ÓÐ
Ò»¼þÊÂÒ²Ðí¾ßÓÐÆƱù×÷Ó㬰ͷÆÌضÔËý±íʾ£¬¶þÊ®ÎåÄêÇ°ËûÔøÊÇ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÓʱ¨µÄËÍ
±¨Éú£¬Ë³´øÒ»Ìᣬ°Í·ÆÌØÔÚ1940Äê´úËͱ¨×¬µÄÇ®£¬ÊÇËûºóÀ´µÚÒ»±ÊͶ×ʽð¶îµÄ
Ò»°ë¡£¡¡

1971Ä꣬°Í·ÆÌØÔø¾­Çë¸ðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«µÄÅóÓÑPeters£¬°ïËû½éÉܸðÀ¼Ä·Ì«Ì«ÈÏ
ʶ£¬°Í·ÆÌØÏëÈÏʶËýÊÇ»ùÓ

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ