心理学与生活-第59章
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children。 A few years later； Gesell began using motion pictures to analyze child
behavior。
1929 The Great Depression began in America。
1950 Erik Erikson published Childhood and Society； highlighting the importance of
cultural considerations in child rearing。
1950 Jean Piaget published The Psychology of Intelligence； one of his many books on
cognitive development of children。
19501953
The Korean War was fought。
1957 Sidney Bijou published the first research concerning the application of behavioral
principles。
1958 Harry Harlow published his first research on social attachment in infant rhesus
monkeys。
1963 President John F。 Kennedy was assassinated。
1969 Lawrence Kohlberg published Stages in the Development of Moral Thought and
Action； outlining his theory of moral development。
1969 Humans first landed on the moon。
1969 K。 Warner Scliaie； among others； organized the first major American conference
on life span developmental psychology。 Nine years later in 1978； the first journal
of the topic； Lifespan Development and Behavior； was published。
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CHAPTER 11： HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READINGS
Baumrind； D。 （1978）。 Parental Disciplinary Patterns and Social petence in Children。 Youth and
Society； 9； 239–276。 Contains a description of each of the three patterns of parenting styles：
authoritative； authoritarian； and permissive。 Somewhat dated in that new parenting styles are
evolving； but still highly relevant in parenting research。
Bee； H。 （1994）。 Lifespan Development。 New York： Harper Collins。 Presents a prehensive overview
of research and theory on development across the life span。
Bigner； J。 J。 （1994）。 Individual and Family Development： A Lifespan Interdisciplinary Perspective。
Englewood Cliffs； NJ： Prentice…Hall。 A prehensive womb…to…tomb text that details physical；
emotional； and cognitive developmental issues across the life span。
Carstensen； L。； & Turk…Charles； S。 （1994）。 The Salience of Emotion across the Adult Life Span。 Psychology
& Aging； 9（2）； 259–264。 Presents research that shows emotionality does not diminish as one ages；
and； in fact； may increase as we grow older。
Cox； M。 V。 （1991）。 The Child’s Point of View； 2nd Edition。 New York： Narvester Heartsheaf。 An
investigation of development of awareness in children； challenging notions that they are
“inferior adults；” and demonstrating their sophisticated level of awareness of others’ beliefs and
feelings。
Csikszentimihalyi； M。； & Larson； R。 （1984）。 Being Adolescent： Conflict and Growth in the Teenage Years。
New York： Basic Books。 Although an older text； this volume provides an excellent report of day
to day adolescent life； plete with research that records adolescent thoughts and activities at
all hours of the day and night。
Cutler； N。； Gottfries； C。； & Siegfried； K。 （Eds。）。 （1995）。 Alzheimer’s Disease： Clinical and Treatment
Perspectives。 New York： J。 Wiley & Sons。
Flavell； J。 （1963）。 The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget。 Princeton； N。J。： Van Nostrand。 Includes
a presentation of Piaget’s theoretical systems； such as the concepts of assimilation and
acmodation； grouping； equilibrium and their various roles within Ws schema of
developmental stages。 Offers a critical evaluation； both methodologically and in the light of
related research by others； of Piaget’s system and work。
Flavell； J。 （1996）。 Piaget’s Legacy。 Psychological Science； 7（4）； 200–203。 Presents 11 contributions by
Piaget to the field of cognitive development to explain what is known and thought about
concerning his theories of cognitive development。
Flavell； J。； Miller； P。； & Miller； S。 （1993）。 Cognitive Development （3rd ed）。 Englewood Cliffs； New Jersey：
Prentice…Hall； Inc。 An interesting introduction to human cognitive development。 Appeals to
individuals from diverse backgrounds； and； in keeping with trends in the field； devotes much
attention to current theories and research。
Fried； S。 B。 （1988）。 Learning Activities for Understanding Aging。 Teaching of Psychology； 15； 160–162。
Detailed instructions on 5 activities usable in conjunction with lectures on aging。
Gardner； H。 （1993）。 Multiple Intelligences： The Theory In Practice。 New York： Basic Books。 Provides an
excellent overview of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences。 Brings together work on the
subject in one convenient book。
Gilligan； C。 （1982）。 In a Different Voice： Psychological Theory and Women’s Development。 Cambridge：
Harvard University Press。 A classic exploring the differences in the way that men and women
think。 An alternative to Kohlberg and seminal in its own right as the first true criticism of
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Kohlberg’s theory of moral development。
Ginsburg； H。； & Opper； S。 （1998）。 Piaget’s Theory of Intellectual Development。 3rd Edition。 Englewood
Cliffs： Prentice…Hall。 Provides examples of Piagetian cognitive tasks that are easily adapted to
lectures on cognitive development。
Hanin； I。； Mitsuo； Y。； & Fisher； A。 （Eds。）。 （1995）。 Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases： Recent
Developments。 New York： Plenum Press。
Henry； C。； & Ulijaszek； S。 （Eds。）。 （1996）。 Long…Term Consequences of Early Environment： Growth；
Development； and the Lifespan Developmental Perspective。 New York： Cambridge University Press。
Lawton； M。； & Salthouse； T。 （Eds。）。 （1998）。 Essential Papers on the Psychology of Aging。 New York：
New York University Press。
Lerner； R。； & Galambos； N。 （1998）。 Adolescent Development。 Challenges and Opportunities for Research；
Programs； and Policies。 Annual Review of Psychology； 49； 413–446。 Discusses the basic challenges
and opportunities facing both adolescents and the psychologists who study them。
Levine； M。； & Levine； A。 （1992）。 Helping Children： A Social History。 New York： Oxford University
Press。 A narrative of how our American society addresses children’s issues； from the formation
of the foster care system to the Gary Schools Project and Ben Lindsey’s formation of the juvenile
courts system。 An excellent resource for the history of children’s issues。
Muuss； R。 E。 （1990）。 Adolescent Behavior and Society： A Book of Readings。 New York： McGraw…Hill。 A
collection of essays addressing the various cognitive； behavioral； and sexual aspects of
adolescent development。
Parke； R。； Ornstein； P。； Rieser； J。； & Zahn…Waxier； C。 （1994）。 A Century of Developmental Psychology。
Washington： American Psychological Association。 Highlights the contributions of the most
important developmental psychologists in the field。 Traces the theoretical and empirical changes
in developmental psychology over the past 100 years。
Pinker； S。 （1989）。 Learnability and Cognition： The Acquisition of Argument Structure。 Cambridge： MIT
Press。
Sternberg； R。 J。 （1990）。 Metaphors of Mind： Conceptions of the Nature of Intelligence。 Cambridge：
Cambridge University Press。 An overview of human intelligence from the bined； rather than
individualistic； perspectives of psychology； anthropology； and sociology。
Turner； J。； & Helms； D。 （1995）。 Lifespan Development （5th ed。）。 Fort Worth： Harcourt Brace College
Publishers。 An introduction to life span development that focuses on seven essential themes。
These themes are the interrelatedness of aging processes； theoretical perspectives on life span
development； the interaction of heredity and environment； epigenetics； continuity and
discontinuity； active and reactive models of development； and gender issues。
Van Hasselt； V。； & Hersen； M。 （1992）。 Handbook of Social Development。 A Lifespan Perspective。 New
York； Plenum Press。 Investigates the process of social development from a life span perspective。
Covers all stages of life from the crib to old age。 An excellent reference。
Vygotsky； L。 （1986）。 Thought and Language。 Revised and edited by A。 Kozulin。 Cambridge： MIT
Press。 A 1986 revision of the original volume； this text helps balance the various trends of
thought on the connections between psychology and language。
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CHAPTER 11： HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
DISCOVERING PSYCHOLOGY
PROGRAM 4： THE RESPONSIVE BRAIN
Overview
How the brain controls behavior and； conversely； how behavior and environment influence the
brain’s structure and functioning。
Key Issues
The effect of human touch on the growth of premature babies； the effect of the mother’s touch on
the growth of rats； psychosocial Dwarfism； the effect of stress on memory and learning in rats；
how behavior modifies the physiology of the African Cichlid fish； and the effects of social
status on the health of baboons
Interviews
Tiffany Field explains the benefits of touch on the cognitive and motor development of
premature babies。
Saul Shanberg underscores the importance of contact by the mother in the process of growth
and development in rats。
Michael Meaney examines the effects of stress on memory and learning in rats。
Russ Fernald examines the effects of behavior on the physiology of the brain and the effects of
the brain on behavior in African Cichlid fish。
Robert Salopsky discusses the direct effects of social status on the health of wild baboons。
Archival Demonstrations
Effects of change in social status on sexual reactions and growth of fish。 （18：09）
Effects of social status on hormones and behavior in wild baboons。 （21：56）
Demonstrations
Effects of physical stimulation on growth of brain； body； and health of rats。 （6：27）
Relationship between early stimulation and adult resistance to stress…induced decline in
memory of rats。 （12：52）
PROGRAM 5： THE DEVELOPING CHILD
Overview
The nature versus nurture debate； and how developmental psychologists study the
contributions of both heredity and environment to the development of children。
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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Key Issues
Nature versus nurture debate； volume perception in children； infant’s understanding of object
permanence； symbol understanding of young children； depth perception in babies on the
“visual cliff；” inherited behavioral differences among preschool children； and genetically shy
monkeys。
Demonstrations
Steve Suomi examines how overly nurturing foster mothers may alter the introverted behavior
of individual monkeys。
Archival Demonstrations
Richard Walk and Eleanor Gibson developed the visual cliff in 1960 to study the development
of depth perception and the emotion of fear in children。
Interviews
Dr。 Baillargeon observes the infant’s understanding of physical and spatial qualities； such as
object permanence。
Dr。 Judy DeLoache studies how children understand symbols。
Steven Suomi studies the upbringing and behavior of genetically shy monkeys。
Psychologist Jean Piaget asks children of varying ages to assess the volume of liquid in a short；
wide glass after it is poured into a taller； thinner glass。 Responses vary with the age of the
child。
Psychologist Jerome Kagan observes inherited behavioral differences between timid and bold
children。 （21：37）。
Experimental Re…Crea
