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第52章

e8东的信 _作者: 美 沃伦·巴菲特-第52章

小说: e8东的信 _作者: 美 沃伦·巴菲特 字数: 每页3500字

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 not yet。〃
查理对于我将飞机比喻成细菌的做法不太高兴,他认为这样岂不污辱了细菌,他个人最理想的旅行方式是坐有空调冷气的巴士,这还是当车票有打折时才有的奢侈做法。对于这架专机我个人一贯的态度是圣奥古斯丁当初想要脱离世俗的富裕生活出家去到教士一样,在理智与荣耀的中间天人交战,他乞求上天,救救我吧,让我成为一个圣洁的人,不过不是现在!
Naming the plane has not been easy。 I initially suggested 〃The Charles T。 Munger。〃 Charlie countered with 〃The Aberration。〃 We finally settled on 〃The Indefensible。〃 
替这架飞机命名可不是一件简单的事,一开始我建议取名叫做查理孟格号,查理反击说应该叫神经有问题号,最后双方妥协决定称它为「无可辩解号」。
About 96。9% of all eligible shares participated in Berkshire's 1989 shareholder…designated contributions program。 Contributions made through the program were 5。9 million; and 2;550 charities were recipients。
大约有96。9%的有效股权参与1989年的股东指定捐赠计划,总计约590万美元捐出的款项分配给2;550家慈善机构。
We urge new shareholders to read the description of our shareholder…designated contributions program that appears on pages 52…53。 If you wish to participate in future programs; we strongly urge that you immediately make sure your shares are registered in the name of the actual owner; not in the nominee name of a broker; bank or depository。 Shares not so registered on August 31; 1990 will be ineligible for the 1990 program。
我们敦促新加入的股东,仔细阅读年报上有关股东捐赠计画的详细内容,如果在未来年度内,你想要参加这类的计画,我们强烈建议你将股份登记在自己而不是受托人的名下,必须在1990年8月31日之前完成登记,才有权利参与1990年的计画。
The annual meeting this year will take place at 9:30 a。m。 on Monday; April 30; 1990。 Attendance grew last year to about 1;000; very close to the seating capacity of the Witherspoon Hall at Joslyn Museum。 So this year's meeting will be moved to the Orpheum Theatre; which is in downtown Omaha; about one…quarter of a mile from the Red Lion Hotel。 The Radisson…Redick Tower; a much smaller but nice hotel; is located across the street from the Orpheum。 Or you may wish to stay at the Marriott; which is in west Omaha; about 100 yards from Borsheim's。 We will have buses at the Marriott that will leave at 8:30 and 8:45 for the meeting and return after it ends。
今年的股东会预计在1990年4月30日,星期一早上9点30分举行,去年股东会参加人数突破一万人,差点超过开会场地的座位容量,所以今年的会场将会移到奥玛哈市中心的Orpheum中心,对街有一家不错的旅馆叫Radisson…Redick,另外距离红狮旅馆约有1英理远,当然你也可以选择离波仙珠宝店100公尺远的Marriott,届时将会有巴士接送大家往返股东会会场。
Charlie and I always enjoy the meeting; and we hope you can make it。 The quality of our shareholders is reflected in the quality of the questions we get: We have never attended an annual meeting anywhere that features such a consistently high level of intelligent; owner…related questions。 
查理跟我一直都很喜欢开股东会,我也希望大家能够来参加,我们股东的素质可由大家所提出的问题看得出来,我们参加过很多股东会,但从来没有别的公司的股东像Berkshire的股东一样由高智能水准与经营者荣枯与共的股东组合。
An attachment to our proxy material explains how you can obtain the card you will need for admission to the meeting。 Because weekday parking can be tight around the Orpheum; we have lined up a number of nearby lots for our shareholders to use。 The attachment also contains information about them。
后面附有股东会开会投票的相关资料,跟各位解释如何拿到入场所许的识别证,因为开会当天会场不好停车,我们特地为大家预留了一些位置,附件也有相关说明供大家参考。
As usual; we will have buses to take you to Nebraska Furniture Mart and Borsheim's after the meeting and to take you to downtown hotels or to the airport later。 I hope that you will allow plenty of time to fully explore the attractions of both stores。 Those of you arriving early can visit the Furniture Mart any day of the week; it is open from 10 a。m。 to 5:30 p。m。 on Saturdays; and from noon to 5:30 p。m。 on Sundays。
一如往常,会后我们备有巴士带大家到内布拉斯加家具店与波仙珠宝店或是到饭店与机场,我希望大家能有多一点的时间好好探索这两家店的奥妙,当然早几天到的股东也可利用假日逛逛家具店,星期六从早上10点到下午5点30分,星期日则从中午开到下午5点30分。
Borsheim's normally is closed on Sunday; but we will open for shareholders and their guests from noon to 6 p。m。 on Sunday; April 29th。 Ike likes to put on a show; and you can rely on him to produce something very special for our shareholders。
波仙星期天通常不开门营业,但在股东会期间特别破例,4月29日星期天从中午开到下午6点,Ike特地为股东们准备了一场秀,相信他一定可以让大家见识到一些特别的东西。
In this letter we've had a lot to say about rates of pounding。 If you can bear having your own rate turn negative for a day … not a pretty thought; I admit … visit Ike on the 29th。
今年我们提到很多次有关复利的事,若是你能忍受个人净值暂时倒退一天的话,虽然不建议常常这样做,记得在29号去看看Ike的秀吧!
一九九零
Last year we made a prediction: 〃A reduction 'in Berkshire's net worth' is almost certain in at least one of the next three years。〃 During much of 1990's second half; we were on the road to quickly proving that forecast accurate。 But some strengthening in stock prices late in the year enabled us to close 1990 with net worth up by 362 million; or 7。3%。 Over the last 26 years (that is; since present management took over) our per…share book value has grown from 19。46 to 4;612。06; or at a rate of 23。2% pounded annually。 
去年我们曾经预测过,Berkshire的净值在未来的三年内有可能会减少,结果在1990年的下半年我们差点就证明了这项预测的真实性,还好年底前股票价格的上涨使得我们公司的净值,还是较前一个年度增加7。3%,约3。62亿美元;而总计过去26年以来(也就是自从现有经营阶层接手后),每股净值从19元成长到现在的4;612美元,年复合成长率约为23。2%。
Our growth rate was lackluster in 1990 because our four major mon stock holdings; in aggregate; showed little change in market value。 Last year I told you that though these panies … Capital Cities/ABC; Coca…Cola; GEICO; and Washington Post … had fine businesses and superb managements; widespread recognition of these attributes had pushed the stock prices of the four to lofty levels。 The market prices of the two media panies have since fallen significantly … for good reasons relating to evolutionary industry developments that I will discuss later … and the price of Coca…Cola stock has increased significantly for what I also believe are good reasons。 Overall; yearend 1990 prices of our 〃permanent four;〃 though far from enticing; were a bit more appealing than they were a year earlier。 
1990年成长之所以减缓的原因主要是因为我们四个主要的股票投资市值加总并没有多大的变动所致,去年我曾向各位表示,虽然这些公司…资本城/ABC、可口可乐、GEICO保险与华盛顿邮报等,拥有良好的企业体质与经营阶层,但是因为这些特点现在已广为投资大众所认同,所以也促使公司股价推升到一个颇高的价位;另外其中两家媒体事业之后的股价又大幅滑落,原因在于后面我会再详细叙述该产业革命性的演进,另外可口可乐的股价也因为我个人也相当认同的原因为大众所接受而大涨,不过总的来说,目前这四大天王的股价,虽然不够吸引人,但比起一年以前来说,要算是合理的多。
Berkshire's 26…year record is meaningless in forecasting future results; so also; we hope; is the one…year record。 We continue to aim for a 15% average annual gain in intrinsic value。 But; as we never tire of telling you; this goal bees ever more difficult to reach as our equity base; now 5。3 billion; increases。 
Berkshire过去26年来辉煌的记录并不足以确保未来也会如此发展,当然我们也希望过去一年惨痛的记录也不能代表未来的结果就是如此,我们还是依旧将目标订在每年15%的实质价值成长率,只是还有一点是过去从未向各位报告的,以我们现在的股权规模,要完成这项任务的门槛是53亿美金!
If we do attain that 15% average; our shareholders should fare well。 However; Berkshire's corporate gains will produce an identical gain for a specific shareholder only if he eventually sells his shares at the same relationship to intrinsic value that existed when he bought them。 For example; if you buy at a 10% premium to intrinsic value; if intrinsic value subsequently grows at 15% a year; and if you then sell at a 10% premium; your own return will correspondingly be 15% pounded。 (The calculation assumes that no dividends are paid。) If; however; you buy at a premium and sell at a smaller premium; your results will be somewhat inferior to those achieved by the pany。 
要是我们真的能够达到这样的目标,那么我们的股东一定赚翻了,因为Berkshire的企业获利将会为那些买卖价格与公司实质价值一致的投资人创造相同的获利,举例来说,如果你以实质价值10%的溢价买进Berkshire股份,假设后来公司实质价值每年成长了15%,而之后你同样以实质价值10%的溢价卖出所持有的股份,则你的投资年报酬率应该也会是15%(这个例子假设期间公司并未发放任何股利),当然要是后来你以低于10%的溢价卖出股份的话,那么你最后所得到的投资报酬率可能就会低于公司同期间15%的报酬率。
Ideally; the results of every Berkshire shareholder would closely mirror those of the pany during his period of ownership。 That is why Charlie Munger; Berkshire's Vice Chairman and my partner; and I hope for Berkshire to sell consistently at about intrinsic value。 We prefer such steadiness to the value…ignoring volatility of the past two years: In 1989 intrinsic value grew less than did book value; which was up 44%; while the market price rose 85%; in 1990 book value and intrinsic value increased by a small amount; while the market price fell 23%。 
在理想的情况下,Berkshire所有的股东的投资报酬,在其拥有公司部份所有权的期间,应该会与公司本身的经营成果相符,这也是为什么查理孟格…Berkshire的副主席,也是主要的合伙人,和我本身都希望Berkshire的股价能与其所代表的实质价值维持一定关系的原因,相较于过去两年股市默视价值的任意波动,我们宁愿Berkshire股价稳定一点,1989年的实质价值约成长幅度远低于帐面价值44%的增加幅度,与股价85%的大涨;到了1990年,帐面价值与实质价值都略微增加,但同期间的本公司的股票价格却下跌了23%。。
Berkshire's intrinsic value continues to exceed book value by a substantial margin。 We can't tell you the exact differential because intrinsic value is necessarily an estimate; Charlie and I might; in fact; differ by 10% in our appraisals。 We do know; however; that we own some exceptional businesses that are worth considerably more than the values at which they are carried on our books。 
截至目前为止,Berkshire的实质价值仍与帐面价值仍有一段不小的差距,不过我们无法告诉你实际的数字是多少,因为实质价值本身就是一个估计数,事实上光是查理与我自己本身所估出来的数字就可能有超过10%的差距,不过可以确信的是,我们所拥有一些优秀的企业其实际的价值远高于列示在公司帐上的投资成本。
Much of the extra value that exists in our businesses has been created by the managers now running them。 Charlie and I feel free to brag about this group because we had nothing to do with developing the skills they possess: These superstars just came that way。 Our job is merely to identify talented managers and provide an environment in which they can do their stuff。 Having done it; they send their cash to headquarters and we face our only other task: the intelligent deployment of these funds。 
我们的被投资公司之所以能够拥有这么多额外的价值,完全要归功于经营它们的这批优秀经理人,查理跟我可以很自在地夸耀这支团队,因为他们之所以能够拥有这些才能与我们一点关系都没有,这些超级经理人一直都是如此,而我们的工作只不过是发掘这些有才能的经理人同时提供一个环境,让他们可以好好地发挥,就这样他们就会将现金源源不绝地送回总部,接下来我们就会面临另一项重要的任务…如何有效地运用这些资金。
My own role in opera

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