°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > wgolding.lordoftheflies >

µÚ36ÕÂ

wgolding.lordoftheflies-µÚ36ÕÂ

С˵£º wgolding.lordoftheflies ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



¡¡evil¡¡and¡¡killed¡¡accordingly¡£¡¡Are¡¡we¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡infer¡¡from¡¡your¡¡myth¡¡that¡¡there¡¡will¡¡always¡¡be¡¡a¡¡person¡¡of¡¡that¡¡order¡¡in¡¡a¡¡group£»¡¡or¡¡is¡¡this¡¡too¡¡much£¿
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡It¡¡is£»¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡a¡¡bit¡¡unfair¡¡not¡¡so¡¡much¡¡because¡¡it¡¡isn't¡¡germane£»¡¡but¡¡simply¡¡because¡¡it¡¡brings¡¡up¡¡too¡¡much¡£¡¡You¡¡see£»¡¡I¡¡think¡¡on¡¡the¡¡one¡¡hand¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true¡¡that¡¡there¡¡will¡¡always¡¡be¡¡people¡¡who¡¡will¡¡see¡¡something¡¡particularly¡¡clearly£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡listened¡¡to£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡are¡¡a¡¡particularly¡¡outstanding¡¡example¡¡of¡¡their¡¡sort£»¡¡will¡¡probably¡¡be¡¡killed¡¡for¡¡it¡£¡¡But£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡brings¡¡up¡¡such¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡panorama¡£¡¡What¡¡so¡¡many¡¡intelligent¡¡people¡¡and¡¡particularly£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡may¡¡say¡¡so£»¡¡so¡¡may¡¡literary¡¡people¡¡find£»¡¡is¡¡that¡¡Simon¡¡is¡¡inprehensible¡£¡¡But£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡prehensible¡¡to¡¡the¡¡illiterate¡¡person¡£¡¡The¡¡illiterate¡¡person¡¡knows¡¡about¡¡saints¡¡and¡¡sanctity£»¡¡and¡¡Simon¡¡is¡¡a¡¡saint¡£3
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡Yes£»¡¡well¡¡he's¡¡a¡¡land¡¡of¡¡scapegoat£»¡¡I¡¡suppose£»
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡No£»¡¡I¡¡won't¡¡agree¡£¡¡You¡¡are¡¡really¡¡flapping¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡Golden¡¡Bough¡¡over¡¡me£»¡¡or¡¡waving¡¡it¡¡over¡¡my¡¡head£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡agree¡£¡¡You¡¡see£»¡¡a¡¡saint¡¡isn't¡¡just¡¡a¡¡scapegoat£»¡¡a¡¡saint¡¡is¡¡somebody¡¡who¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡analysis¡¡voluntarily¡¡embraces¡¡his¡¡fate£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡sticky¡¡one£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡is¡¡for¡¡the¡¡illiterate¡¡a¡¡proof¡¡of¡¡the¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡God¡¡because¡¡the¡¡illiterate¡¡person¡¡who¡¡is¡¡not¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡on¡¡logic¡¡and¡¡not¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡always¡¡to¡¡hope¡¡for¡¡the¡¡worst¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨Well£»¡¡a¡¡person¡¡like¡¡this¡¡cannot¡¡exist¡¡without¡¡a¡¡good¡¡God¡£¡¨¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡illiterate¡¡person¡¡finds¡¡Simon¡¡extremely¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡understand£»¡¡someone¡¡who¡¡voluntarily¡¡embraces¡¡this¡¡beast¡¡goes¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡and¡¡tries¡¡to¡¡get¡¡rid¡¡of¡¡him¡¡and¡¡goes¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡good¡¡news¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ordinary¡¡bestial¡¡man¡¡on¡¡the¡¡beach£»¡¡and¡¡gets¡¡killed¡¡for¡¡it¡£
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡Yes£»¡¡but¡¡may¡¡I¡¡introduce¡¡the¡¡famous¡¡Lawrence¡¡caveat¡¡here£»¡¡¡¨Never¡¡trust¡¡the¡¡teller£»¡¡trust¡¡the¡¡tale¡¨£¿
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡Oh£»¡¡that's¡¡absolute¡¡nonsense¡£¡¡But¡¡of¡¡course¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡tells¡¡the¡¡tale¡¡if¡¡he¡¡has¡¡a¡¡tale¡¡worth¡¡telling¡¡will¡¡know¡¡exactly¡¡what¡¡he¡¡is¡¡about¡¡and¡¡this¡¡business¡¡of¡¡the¡¡artist¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡starry¡­eyed¡¡inspired¡¡creature£»¡¡dancing¡¡along£»¡¡with¡¡his¡¡feet¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡¡feet¡¡above¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡not¡¡really¡¡knowing¡¡what¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡prints¡¡he's¡¡leaving¡¡behind¡¡him£»¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡like¡¡the¡¡truth¡£
¡¡
¡¡3pare¡¡the¡¡following¡¡remarks¡¡with¡¡Donald¡¡R¡£¡¡Spangler's¡¡essay¡¡¡¨Simon¡¨¡¡on¡¡pp¡£¡¡211¡­215¡¡in¡¡this¡¡volume¡£¡­Eds¡£
¡¡
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡Well£»¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡think¡¡it's¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡state¡¡it¡¡quite¡¡so¡¡extremely¡£¡¡What¡¡I¡¡had¡¡in¡¡mind¡¡here¡¡was¡¡simply¡¡that¡¡Simon¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡is¡¡ing¡¡down¡¡from¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hill¡¡where¡¡he's¡¡seen¡¡the¡¡dead¡¡body¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parachutist£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡other¡¡people¡¡that¡¡all¡¡is¡¡well¡£¡¡He's¡¡not¡¡embracing¡¡his¡¡faith¡¡which¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡killed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡other¡¡people£»¡¡he¡¡thinks¡¡he's¡¡going¡¡to¡¡put¡¡them¡¡right¡£
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡Ah£»¡¡well£»¡¡that's¡¡again¡¡a¡¡question¡¡of¡¡scale£»¡¡isn't¡¡ft£¿¡¡The¡¡point¡¡was¡¡that¡¡out¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡people¡¡on¡¡that¡¡island¡¡who¡¡would¡¡ascend¡¡the¡¡mountain£»¡¡Simon¡¡was¡¡the¡¡one¡¡who¡¡saw¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡do£»¡¡and¡¡actually¡¡did¡¡it£»¡¡nobody¡¡else¡¡dared¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡embracing¡¡your¡¡fate£»¡¡you¡¡see¡£
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡Ah£»¡¡yes£»¡¡without¡¡really¡¡any¡¡sense¡¡that¡¡what¡¡will¡¡happen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡is¡¡that¡¡he¡¡shall¡¡bee¡¡the¡¡beast£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡what¡¡he¡¡does¡£
¡¡COLDINC£º¡¡No£»¡¡he¡¡doesn't¡¡bee¡¡the¡¡beast£»¡¡he¡¡bees¡¡the¡¡beast¡¡in¡¡other¡¡people's¡¡opinions¡£
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡He¡¡bees¡¡the¡¡beast¡¡in¡¡the¡¡text¡¡also£º¡¡¡¨The¡¡beast¡¡was¡¡on¡¡its¡¡knees¡¡in¡¡the¡¡centre£»¡¡its¡¡arms¡¡folded¡¡over¡¡its¡¡face¡£¡¨¡¡Of¡¡course£»¡¡you're¡¡here¡¡reporting¡¡what¡¡the¡¡boys¡¡in¡¡their¡¡orgiastic¡¡fury¡¡thought¡¡Simon¡¡was£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡should¡¡have¡¡said¡¡that¡¡that¡¡way¡¡of¡¡reporting¡¡allows¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡ambiguity¡¡of¡¡interpretation¡¡here£»¡¡which¡¡you¡¡cannot£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡deny¡¡us¡£
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡it¡¡myself¡¡originally£»¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡metaphor¡­the¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡metaphor¡¡of¡¡existence¡¡if¡¡you¡¡like£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dead¡¡body¡¡on¡¡the¡¡mountain¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡as¡¡being¡¡history£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡past¡£¡¡There's¡¡a¡¡point¡¡a¡¡couple¡¡of¡¡chapters¡¡before¡¡where¡¡these¡¡children¡¡on¡¡the¡¡island¡¡have¡¡got¡¡themselves¡¡into¡¡a¡¡hell¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mess£»¡¡they're¡­it's¡¡the¡¡things¡¡that¡¡have¡¡crawled¡¡out¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡bones¡¡and¡¡their¡¡own¡¡veins£»¡¡they¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡whether¡¡it's¡¡a¡¡beast¡¡from¡¡sky£»¡¡air¡¡or¡¡where¡¡it's¡¡ing¡¡but¡¡there's¡¡something¡¡terrible¡¡about¡¡it¡¡as¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡of¡¡existence¡£
¡¡At¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡when¡¡they're¡¡all¡¡most¡¡anguished¡¡they¡¡say£»¡¡¡¨If¡¡only¡¡grown¡­ups¡¡could¡¡get¡¡a¡¡sign¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡if¡¡only¡¡they¡¡could¡¡tell¡¡us¡¡what's¡¡what¡¨¡­and¡¡what¡¡happens¡¡is¡¡that¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡man¡¡es¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sky¡£¡¡Now¡¡that¡¡is¡¡not¡¡God¡¡being¡¡dead£»¡¡as¡¡some¡¡people¡¡have¡¡said£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡history¡£¡¡He's¡¡dead£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡won't¡¡lie¡¡clown¡£¡¡All¡¡that¡¡we¡¡can¡¡give¡¡our¡¡children¡¡is¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡on¡¡to¡¡them¡¡this¡¡distressing¡¡business¡¡of¡¡a¡¡United¡¡States¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡which¡¡won't¡¡work£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡all¡¡grin¡¡at¡¡each¡¡other¡¡across¡¡borders¡¡and¡¡so¡¡on¡¡and¡¡so¡¡forth¡£¡¡And¡¡if¡¡you¡¡turn¡¡round¡¡to¡¡your¡¡parents¡¡and¡¡say¡¡¡¨Please¡¡help¡¡me£»¡¨¡¡they¡¡are¡¡really¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡structure£»¡¡the¡¡old¡¡system£»¡¡the¡¡old¡¡world£»¡¡which¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡good¡¡but¡¡at¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡is¡¡making¡¡the¡¡world¡¡and¡¡the¡¡air¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡radioactive¡£
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡I¡¡find¡¡it's¡¡extraordinarily¡¡interesting¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡that¡¡explanation¡¡in¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Ballantyne4¡¡treatment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡theme¡£¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡whether¡¡you¡¡would¡¡like¡¡to¡¡say¡¡just¡¡how¡¡far¡¡and¡¡how¡¡ironically¡¡we¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡treat¡¡this¡¡connection¡£
¡¡COLDING£º¡¡Well£»¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡fairly¡¡deeply£»¡¡but¡¡again£»¡¡not¡¡ironically¡¡in¡¡the¡¡bad¡¡sense£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡almost¡¡a¡¡passionate¡¡sense¡£¡¡You¡¡see£»¡¡really£»¡¡I'm¡¡getting¡¡at¡¡myself¡¡in¡¡this¡£¡¡What¡¡I'm¡¡saying¡¡to¡¡myself¡¡is£»¡¡¡¨Don't¡¡be¡¡such¡¡a¡¡fool£»¡¡you¡¡remember¡¡when¡¡you¡¡were¡¡a¡¡boy£»¡¡a¡¡small¡¡boy£»¡¡how¡¡you¡¡lived¡¡on¡¡that¡¡island¡¡with¡¡Ralph¡¡and¡¡Jack¡¡and¡¡Peterkin¡¨¡¡5¡¡£¨who¡¡is¡¡Simon£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡way£»¡¡Simon¡¡called¡¡Peter£»¡¡you¡¡see¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡worked¡¡out¡¡very¡¡carefully¡¡in¡¡every¡¡possible¡¡way£»¡¡this¡¡novel£©¡£¡¡I¡¡said¡¡to¡¡myself¡¡finally£»¡¡¡¨Now¡¡you¡¡are¡¡grown¡¡up£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡adult£»¡¡it's¡¡taken¡¡you¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡¡to¡¡bee¡¡adult£»¡¡but¡¡now¡¡you've¡¡got¡¡there¡¡you¡¡can¡¡see¡¡that¡¡people¡¡are¡¡not¡¡like¡¡that£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡not¡¡behave¡¡like¡¡that¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡God¡­fearing¡¡English¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡went¡¡to¡¡an¡¡island¡¡like¡¡that¡£¡¨¡¡Their¡¡savagery¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡natives¡¡on¡¡an¡¡island¡£¡¡As¡¡like¡¡as¡¡not¡¡they¡¡would¡¡find¡¡savages¡¡who¡¡were¡¡kindly¡¡and¡¡unplicated¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡devil¡¡would¡¡rise¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡plications¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡white¡¡men¡¡on¡¡the¡¡island¡¡itself¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡really¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡big¡¡connection¡¡£§with¡¡Ballantyne£§¡£
¡¡KERMODE£º¡¡In¡¡fact¡¡it's¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡black¡¡mass¡¡version¡¡of¡¡Ballantyne£»¡¡isn't¡¡it£¿
¡¡GOLDING£º¡¡Well£»¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡really¡¡think¡¡I¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡that¡£¡¡But¡¡I¡¡think¡¡I¡¡see¡¡what¡¡you¡¡mean¡£¡¡No£»¡¡no£»¡¡I¡¡disagree¡¡with¡¡ft¡¡entirely£»¡¡I¡¡think¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡a¡¡realistic¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ballantyne¡¡situation¡£
¡¡
¡¡4¡£R¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡Ballantyne's¡¡The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡¡was¡¡published¡¡in¡¡1857¡¡in¡¡England¡£¡¡See¡¡Carl¡¡Niemeyer's¡¡¡¨The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡¡Revisited£»¡¨¡¡College¡¡English£»¡¡22¡¡£¨January£»¡¡1961£©£»¡¡241¡­245¡£¡¡Reprinted¡¡in¡¡this¡¡volume¡¡on¡¡pp¡£¡¡217¡­223¡£¡­Eds¡£
¡¡5¡£Characters¡¡in¡¡The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡£¡­Eds¡£
¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
¡¡The¡¡Novels¡¡of¡¡William¡¡Golding£§
¡¡FRANK¡¡KERMODE
¡¡
¡¡Lord¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Flies¡¡has¡¡¡¨a¡¡pretty¡¡big¡¡connection¡¨¡¡with¡¡Ballantyne¡£2¡¡In¡¡The¡¡Cored¡¡Island¡¡Ralph£»¡¡Jack¡¡and¡¡Peterkin¡¡are¡¡cast¡¡away¡¡on¡¡a¡¡desert¡¡island£»¡¡where¡¡they¡¡live¡¡active£»¡¡civilised£»¡¡and¡¡civilising¡¡lives¡£¡¡Practical¡¡difficulties¡¡are¡¡easily¡¡surmounted£»¡¡they¡¡light¡¡fires¡¡with¡¡bowstrings¡¡and¡¡spy¡­glasses£»¡¡hunt¡¡pigs¡¡for¡¡food£»¡¡and¡¡kill¡¡them¡¡with¡¡much¡¡ease¡¡and¡¡a¡¡total¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡guilt¡­indeed¡¡of¡¡bloodshed¡£¡¡£¨They¡¡are¡¡all¡¡Britons¡­a¡¡term¡¡they¡¡use¡¡to¡¡pliment¡¡each¡¡other¡­all¡¡brave£»¡¡obedient¡¡and¡¡honourable¡££©¡¡There¡¡is¡¡much¡¡useful¡¡information¡¡conveyed¡¡concerning¡¡tropical¡¡islands£»¡¡including¡¡field¡­workers'¡¡reporting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡cannibals£º¡¡but¡¡anthropology¡¡is¡¡something¡¡nasty¡¡that¡¡clears¡¡up¡¡on¡¡the¡¡arrival¡¡of¡¡a¡¡missionary£»¡¡and¡¡Jack¡¡himself¡¡prevents¡¡an¡¡act¡¡of¡¡cannibalism¡¡by¡¡telling¡¡the¡¡flatnoses¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡such¡¡blockheads¡¡and¡¡presenting¡¡them¡¡with¡¡six¡¡newly¡¡slaughtered¡¡pigs¡£¡¡The¡¡parallel¡¡between¡¡the¡¡island¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Earthly¡¡Paradise¡¡causes¡¡a¡¡trace¡¡of¡¡literary¡¡sophistication£º¡¡¡¨Meat¡¡and¡¡drink¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡tree£¡¡¡My¡¡dear¡¡boys£»¡¡we're¡¡set¡¡up¡¡for¡¡life£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡paradise¡­hurrah£¡¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡We¡¡afterwards¡¡found£»¡¡however£»¡¡that¡¡these¡¡lovely¡¡islands¡¡were¡¡very¡¡unlike¡¡Paradise¡¡in¡¡many¡¡things¡£¡¨¡¡But¡¡these¡¡¡¨things¡¨¡¡are¡¡non¡­Christian¡¡natives¡¡and£»¡¡later£»¡¡pirates£»¡¡the¡¡boys¡¡themselves¡¡are
¡¡
¡¡1¡£This¡¡selection¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡from¡¡a¡¡longer¡¡essay¡¡that¡¡appeared¡¡in¡¡the¡¡International¡¡Literary¡¡Annual£»¡¡III¡¡£¨1961£©£»¡¡11¡­29£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡reprinted¡¡by¡¡permission¡¡of¡¡John¡¡Calder¡¡Limited¡£
¡¡2¡£¡¡The¡¡relationship¡¡of¡¡R¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡Ballantyne's¡¡novel¡¡The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡¡to¡¡Lord¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Flies¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡up¡¡by¡¡Carl¡¡Niemeyer£»¡¡¡¨The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡¡Revisited£»¡¨¡¡reprinted¡¡on¡¡pp¡£¡¡217¡­223¡¡in¡¡this¡¡volume¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡Foreword¡¡to¡¡this¡¡volume¡£¡­Eds¡£
¡¡
¡¡cleanly¡¡£¨cold¡¡baths¡¡remended£©¡¡and¡¡godly¡­regenerate£»¡¡empire¡­building¡¡boys£»¡¡who¡¡know¡¡by¡¡instinct¡¡how¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡paradise¡¡into¡¡a¡¡British¡¡protectorate¡£
¡¡The¡¡Coral¡¡Island¡¡could¡¡be¡¡used¡¡as¡¡a¡¡document¡¡in¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡ideas£»¡¡it¡¡belongs¡¡inseparably¡¡to¡¡the¡¡period¡¡when¡¡boys¡¡were¡¡sent¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Arnoldian¡¡schools¡¡certified¡¡free¡¡of¡¡Original¡¡Sin¡£¡¡Golding¡¡takes¡¡Ralph£»¡¡Jack¡¡and¡¡Peterkin¡¡£¨altering¡¡this¡¡name¡¡to¡¡Simon¡¡¡¨called¡¡Peter¡¨£©3¡¡and¡¡studies¡¡them¡¡against¡¡an¡¡altered¡¡moral¡¡landscape¡£¡¡He¡¡is¡¡a¡¡schoolmaster£»¡¡and¡¡knows¡¡boys¡¡well¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡make¡¡their¡¡collapse¡¡into¡¡savagery¡¡plausible£»¡¡to¡¡see¡¡them¡¡as¡¡cannibals£»¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡grown¡­ups¡¡is¡¡all¡¡there¡¡is¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡savagery¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡dropped¡¡these¡¡boys¡¡into¡¡an¡¡Earthly¡¡Paradise¡¡¡¨they¡¡would¡¡not¡¡behave¡¡like¡¡God¡­fearing¡¡English¡¡gentlemen¡¨¡¡but¡¡¡¨as¡¡like¡¡as¡¡not¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡find¡¡savages¡¡who¡¡were¡¡kindly¡¡and¡¡unplicated¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡The¡¡devil¡¡would¡¡rise¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡plications¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡white¡¡men¡£¡¨¡¡Golding¡¡leaves¡¡the¡¡noble¡¡savages¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Lord¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Flies£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡remark¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡quoting¡¡because¡¡it¡¡states¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡position¡¡in¡¡its¡¡basic¡¡simplicity¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡civilised¡¡who¡¡are¡¡corrupt£»¡¡out¡¡of¡¡phase¡¡with¡¡natural¡¡rhythm¡£¡¡Their¡¡guilt¡¡is¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡evolutionary¡¡success£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡awareness¡¡of¡¡this¡¡fact¡¡can¡¡be¡¡understood¡¡by¡¡duplicating¡¡Ballantyne's¡¡situation£»¡¡borrowing¡¡his¡¡island£»¡¡and¡¡letting¡¡his¡¡theme¡¡develop¡¡in¡¡this¡¡new¡¡and¡¡more¡¡substantial¡¡context¡£¡¡Once¡¡more¡¡every¡¡prospect¡¡pleases£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡vileness¡¡proceeds£»¡¡not¡¡from¡¡cannibals£»¡¡but¡¡from¡¡the¡¡boys£»¡¡though¡¡Man¡¡is¡¡not¡¡so¡¡much¡¡vile¡¡as¡¡¡¨heroic¡¡and¡¡sick¡£¡¨¡¡Unlike¡¡Ballantyne's¡¡boys£»¡¡these¡¡are¡¡dirty¡¡and¡¡inefficient£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡some¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡order£»¡¡symbolised¡¡by¡¡the¡¡beautiful¡¡conch¡¡which¡¡heralds¡¡formal¡¡meetings£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡uncongenial¡¡effort¡¡is¡¡required¡¡to¡¡maintain¡¡it£»¡¡order¡¡disappears¡£¡¡The¡¡shelters¡¡are¡¡inadequate£»¡¡the¡¡signal¡¡fire¡¡goes¡¡out¡¡at¡¡the¡¡very¡¡moment¡¡when¡¡Jack¡¡first¡¡succeeds¡¡in¡¡killing¡¡a¡¡pig¡£¡¡Intelligence¡¡fades£»¡¡irrational¡¡taboos¡¡and¡¡blood¡¡rituals¡¡make¡¡hopeless¡¡the¡¡task¡¡of¡¡the¡¡practical¡¡but¡¡partial¡¡intellect¡¡of¡¡Piggy£»¡¡his¡¡glasses£»¡¡the¡¡firemakers£»¡¡are¡¡smashed¡¡and¡¡stolen£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡he¡¡himself¡¡is¡¡broken¡¡to¡¡pieces¡¡as¡¡he¡¡holds¡¡the¡¡conch¡£¡¡When¡¡civilised¡¡conditioning¡¡fades¡­how¡¡tedious¡¡Piggy's¡¡appeal¡¡to¡¡what¡¡adults¡¡might¡¡do¡¡or¡¡think£¡¡­the¡¡children¡¡are¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡neither¡¡savage¡¡nor¡¡civil¡¡gentleness¡£¡¡Always¡¡a
¡¡
¡¡3¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡interesting¡¡to¡¡ask¡¡why¡¡Golding¡¡changed¡¡the¡¡name¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Foreword¡¡to¡¡this¡¡volume¡£¡­EDS¡£
¡¡
¡¡little¡¡nearer¡¡to¡¡raw¡¡humanity¡¡than¡¡adults£»¡¡they¡¡slip¡¡into¡¡a¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡animality¡¡depraved¡¡by¡¡mind£»¡¡into¡¡the¡¡cruelty¡¡of¡¡hunters¡¡with¡¡their¡¡devil¡­liturgies¡¡and¡¡torture£º¡¡they¡¡make¡¡an¡¡unnecessary£»¡¡evil¡¡fortress£»¡¡they¡¡steal£»¡¡they¡¡abandon¡¡all¡¡operations¡¡aimed¡¡at¡¡restoring¡¡them¡¡to¡¡civility¡£¡¡Evil¡¡is¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡product¡¡of¡¡their¡¡consciousness¡£¡¡First£»¡¡the¡¡smallest¡¡boys¡¡create£»¡¡a¡¡beastie£»¡¡a¡¡snake¡­¡¨as¡¡if¡¡it¡¡wasn't¡¡a¡¡good¡¡island¡£¡¨¡¡Then¡¡a¡¡beast¡¡is¡¡created¡¡in¡¡good¡¡earnest£»¡¡and¡¡defined¡¡in¡¡a¡¡wonderf

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ