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英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇)-第2章

小说: 英语100篇精读荟萃(高级篇) 字数: 每页3500字

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界直接关系的高级官员对克林顿劝说。
第五段:纺织,金融股票,汽车以至电影等都是商界的要求。朱总理拒绝的就是商界要求。
第六段提及商界院外活动的成员制止国会事先接受最终协定。
最后一段又是商界使共和党联盟和白宫懂得此事的重要性。
5。 A。 美国将会作出让步,见上面注释。商人是绝对不会放弃中国市场的。
B。 美国会故意拖延以求取得更好的条件。这一点恐怕不会,见上文注释。朱总理的强硬立场,商人的见解。            C。 克林顿有签署批准中国入世之权。        D。 民主党赞成中国加入世贸,这两项都是事实。

Passage Two (Europe’s Gypsies; Are They a Nation?)
The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies (or Roman) to be recognized as a nation; albeit one without a defined territory。 And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries。 Some experts put the figure at 4m…plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m。
Unlike Jews; Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to。 Though their language is related to Hindi; their territorial origins are misty。 Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon。 Other Europeans (wrongly) thought them migrant Egyptians; hence the derivative Gypsy。 Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century。
However; since munism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago; the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground。 The International Romany Union; which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries; is fostering the idea of “self…rallying”。 It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language; it waves a Gypsy flag (green with a wheel) when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague; The Czech capital。 Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal。
At the congress a Slovak…born lawyer; Emil Scuka; was elected president of the International Tomany Union。 Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians; including members of parliament; mayors and local councilors from all over Europe (OSCE); to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics。
The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies; but that is not saying a lot。 Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress; few were democratically elected; oddly; none came from Hungary; whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized; with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there。 The union did; however; announce its ambition to set up a parliament; but how it would actually be elected was left undecided。
So far; the European mission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation。 The might; it is feared; open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques; Corsicans and other awkward peoples。 Besides; acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire; just when several countries; particularly Hungary; Slovakia and the Czech Republic; are beginning to treat them better; in order to qualify for EU membership。 “The EU’s whole premise is to overe differences; not to highlight them;” says a nervous Eurocrat。
But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority; and one with a terrible history of persecution; is catching on 。 Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries。 In Romania; the country that still has the largest number of them (more than 1m); in the 19th century they were actually enslaved。 Hitler tried to wipe them out; along with the Jews。
“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures;” says Jan Marinus Wiersma; a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current missioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs。 Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented; perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament。 That; they argue; might give them a boost。 There are moves afoot to help them to get money for; among other things; a Gypsy university。
One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are; in fact; extremely heterogeneous。 They belong to many different; and often antagonistic; clans and tribes; with no mon language or religion; Their self…proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt。 Still; says; Dimitrina Petrova; head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest; Gypsies’ shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity; she says; stems from “being regarded as sub…human by most majorities in Europe。”
And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic。 In Slovakia and Bulgaria; for instance; Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament。 In Macedonia; a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality。 Nicholas Gheorge; an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE; reckons that; spread over Central Europe; there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors; 400…odd local councilors; and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals。 
That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation。 But; with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe; they are making ground。

1。 The Best Title of this passage is 
'A'。 Gypsies Want to Form a Nation。         'B'。 Are They a Nation。
'C'。 EU Is Afraid of Their Growth。           'C'。 They Are a Tribe
2。 Where are the most probable Gypsy territory origins?
'A'。 Most probably they drifted west from India in the 7th century。
'B'。 They are scattered everywhere in the world。
'C'。 Probably; they stemmed from Central Europe。
'D'。 They probably came from the International Romany Union。
3。 What does the International Romany lobby for?
'A'。 It lobbies for a demand to be accepted by such international organizations as EU and UN。
'B'。 It lobbies for a post in any international Romany Union。
'C'。 It lobbies for the right as a nation。
'D'。 It lobbies for a place in such international organizations as the EU or UN。
4。 Why is the Europe mission wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation?
'A'。 It may open a Pandora’s Box。
'B'。 Encouragement may lead to some unexpected results。
'C'。 It fears that the Basgnes; Corsicans and other nations seeking separation may raise the same demand。
'D'。 Gyspsies’ demand may highlight the difference in the EU。
5。 The big problem lies in the fact that
'A'。 Gypsies belong to different and antagonistic clans and tribes without a mon language or religion。
'B'。 Their leaders prove corrupt。
'C'。 Their potential unity stems from “being regarded as sub…human”。
'D'。 They are a bit more pragmatic。

Vocabulary
1。 albeit                         尽管,虽然
2。 outnumber                     数字上超过
3。 ethnic                         少数民族的成员,种族集团的成员
4。 Hindi                         印地语
5。 misty                         模糊不清的,朦胧的
6。 derivative                      衍生的,派生的
7。 itinerant                       逻辑的
8。 Romanesten                    说吉普塞语的地方
Romanes                      吉普塞语
Stan                          地方
9。 outfit                         (口)组织,(协同工作)的集体
10。 local                          地方(市,镇,县)政务委员会
11。 wary                          谨慎的,机警的
12。 backfire                       产生出乎意料或事与愿违的结果
13。 highlight                       强调
14。 persecution                     迫害
15。 catch on                       了解,风行=to bee popular
16。 pogrom                        大屠杀,集体迫害
17。 missioner                   委员,调查团团员
18。 quota                          定量,配额,限额
19。 snag                          (尖利突出物,抽丝)潜在的困难
20。 heterogeneous                   由不同种类组成的
21。 antagonistic                     有效对抗性的,对抗性的
22。 clan                           氏族
23。 tribe                           部落
24。 pragmatic                       务实的,讲究实效的
25。 municipality                     城市,镇,区属政府,自治区
26。 Rom                           罗姆,即吉普塞人

难句译注
1。  Central Europe        中欧,如本文提及捷克,匈牙利,罗马尼亚等。
2。  European Union       欧盟。
3。  the EUs institutions    欧洲机构,如:European mission 欧盟委员会,European Council 欧盟理事会,European Parliament 欧洲会议,the Court of Justic 欧洲法院。4m=more than 4 million 四百多万。
4。 Unlike Jews; Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to。
'结构简析' hark back to =to mention again or remember an earlier subject; event; etc。 吉普塞不知其祖先来自何方,而犹太人在《圣经》中已阐明了他们的历史。
'参考译文' 吉普塞人和犹太人不同,他们没有可以回想起来的已知的祖居地。
5。 …the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground。
'结构简析' gain ground (on) 接近。
'参考译文' 作为建立在吉普塞文化基础上的无疆地民族应该有一个说吉普塞语的地方。这种想法越来越为人接受。
6。  the International Romany Union         国际吉普塞人联盟。
7。  Vaclav Harel (1936)      剧作家和人权运动成员,1990——1992为捷克斯洛伐克的总统,1993年后为捷克总统。
8。  a Slovak…born lawyer      斯洛伐克出生的律师,1992年捷克斯洛伐克
9。  Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe       简称OSCE,偶中安全合作条约组织,成立于1972。
10。 nation  一词有民族和国家的含义。这里主要指:民族。因为作为国家应有疆土,但吉普塞人有要求成立国家的想法,欧盟是国家加入地方,不是民族加入。
11。 electoral block   选举集团
12。 The might; it is feared; open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques; Corsicans and other awkward peoples。
'结构简析' Pandora’s box 潘多拉盒子——喻种种麻烦事。潘多拉是主神宙斯命火神用黏土制成的第一个女性。宙斯命潘多拉带着一个盒子下凡。潘多拉私自打开盒子,于是里面的疾病,罪恶等各种祸害全部出来,散布于世。这里潘多拉盒子喻里面已有的各种麻烦的民族,吉普塞加入,更多了一份麻烦。
'参考译文' 人们担心,若让吉普塞人作为一个民族代表,就会打开了一个潘多拉盒子,里面已经装有要独立的西班牙的巴斯克人,意大利的科西嘉人和其他难以对付的民族。

写作手法与文章大意
   文章以对比手法环绕吉普塞是不是一个民族/国家,可不可以取得合法地位这一中心而写。从人口上说,它的数量超过加入欧盟许多国家,应在欧盟中一席之底。但人口分散在各国,他是对抗的部落,还没有共同的语言和信仰。不像犹太人,它们没有回归的祖居地。它们成立了国际联盟,也选出了领导,在布鲁塞尔开设了办事处,想成立国会,但不知如何落实操作,只是极力游说欧盟和联合国等组织,以获得一个合法地位和发言权。这是欧盟日程表上一个问题,但欧盟等机构又担心,万一他们取得正式地位,那些国家中正闹分离和独立的民族也会提出同样的要求,就象潘多拉盒子那样,不能打开。

答案祥解
1。 B。 他们是一个民族/国家吗?整篇文章环境这一点而写,文章一开始就提出中欧入欧盟的国家会给大陆吉普塞人一个机会,承认他们是一个民族——国家,虽然没有界定的领土(作为国家,应有领土)。吉普塞人的领袖人物也指出其人数超过欧盟中许多现在有的和将来要入盟的国家。他们至少要在欧盟中有一席之地。第二段提出,吉普塞和犹太人不同,他们没有可回归的祖居地。他们的语言属印欧语系。英国人认为他们来自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世纪时一些流浪的手工业工人和艺人从印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一种思

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