孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第5章
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27。 When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank; it means that the critical moment has e。
28。 When some are seen advancing and some retreating; it is a lure。
29。 When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears; they are faint from want of food。
30。 If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves; the army is suffering from thirst。
31。 If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it; the soldiers are exhausted。
32。 If birds gather on any spot; it is unoccupied。 Clamor by night betokens nervousness。
33。 If there is disturbance in the camp; the general's authority is weak。 If the banners and flags are shifted about; sedition is afoot。 If the officers are angry; it means that the men are weary。
34。 When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food; and when the men do not hang their cooking…pots over the camp…fires; showing that they will not return to their tents; you may know that they are determined to fight to the death。
35。 The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file。
36。 Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources; too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress。
37。 To begin by bluster; but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers; shows a supreme lack of intelligence。
38。 When envoys are sent with pliments in their mouths; it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce。
39。 If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again; the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection。
40。 If our troops are no more in number than the enemy; that is amply sufficient; it only means that no direct attack can be made。 What we can do is simply to concentrate all our available strength; keep a close watch on the enemy; and obtain reinforcements。
41。 He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them。
42。 If soldiers are punished before they have grown attached to you; they will not prove submissive; and; unless submissive; then will be practically useless。 If; when the soldiers have bee attached to you; punishments are not enforced; they will still be unless。
43。 Therefore soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity; but kept under control by means of iron discipline。 This is a certain road to victory。
44。 If in training soldiers mands are habitually enforced; the army will be well…disciplined; if not; its discipline will be bad。
45。 If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed; the gain will be mutual。
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10《孫子兵法》地形篇第十
孫子曰:地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有險者、有遠者。我可以往,彼可以來,曰通。通形者,先居高陽,利糧道,以戰則利。可以往,難以返,曰挂。挂形者,敵無備,出而勝之,敵若有備,出而不勝,則難以返,不利。我出而不利,彼出而不利,曰支。支形者,敵雖利我,我無出也,引而去之,令敵半出而擊之,利。隘形者,我先居之,必盈之以待敵。若敵先居之,盈而勿從,不盈而從之。險形者,我先居之,必居高陽以待敵﹔若敵先居之,引而去之,勿從也。遠形者,勢均,難以挑戰,戰而不利。凡此六者,地之道也,將之至任,不可不察也。
故兵有走者、有馳者、有陷者、有崩者、有亂者、有北者。凡此六者,非天之災,將之過也。夫勢均,以一擊十,曰走。卒強吏弱,曰馳。吏強卒弱,曰陷。大吏怒而不服,遇敵懟而自戰,將不知其能,曰崩。將弱不嚴,教道不明,吏卒無常,陳兵縱橫,曰亂。將不能料敵,以少合眾,以弱擊強,兵無選鋒,曰北。凡此六者,敗之道也,將之至任,不可不察也。
夫地形者,兵之助也。料敵制勝,計險厄遠近,上將之道也。知此而用戰者必勝﹔不知此而用戰者必敗。
故戰道必勝,主曰無戰,必戰可也﹔戰道不勝,主曰必戰,無戰可也。故進不求名,退不避罪,惟人是保,而利合于主,國之寶也。
視卒如嬰兒,故可以與之赴深谿﹔視卒如愛子,故可與之俱死。厚而不能使,愛而不能令,亂而不能治,譬若驕子,不可用也。
知吾卒之可以擊,而不知敵之不可擊,勝之半也﹔知敵之可擊,而不知吾卒之不可以擊,勝之半也﹔知敵之可擊,知吾卒之可以擊,而不知地形之不可以戰,勝之半也。故知兵者,動而不迷,舉而不窮。故曰:知己知彼,勝乃不殆﹔知天知地,勝乃可全。
X。 TERRAIN
1。 Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain; to wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporizing ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy。
2。 Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible。
3。 With regard to ground of this nature; be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots;
and carefully guard your line of supplies。 Then you will be able to fight with advantage。
4。 Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re…occupy is called entangling。
5。 From a position of this sort; if the enemy is unprepared; you may sally forth and defeat him。 But if the enemy is prepared for your ing; and you fail to defeat him; then; return being impossible; disaster will ensue。
6。 When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move; it is called temporizing ground。
7。 In a position of this sort; even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait; it will be advisable not to stir forth; but rather to retreat; thus enticing the enemy in his turn; then; when part of his army has e out; we may deliver our attack with advantage。
8。 With regard to narrow passes; if you can occupy them first; let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy。
9。 Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass; do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned; but only if it is weakly garrisoned。
10。 With regard to precipitous heights; if you are beforehand with your adversary; you should occupy the raised and sunny spots; and there wait for him to e up。
11。 If the enemy has occupied them before you; do not follow him; but retreat and try to entice him away。
12。 If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy; and the strength of the two armies is equal; it is not easy to provoke a battle; and fighting will be to your disadvantage。
13。 These six are the principles connected with Earth。 The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them。
14。 Now an army is exposed to six several calamities; not arising from natural causes; but from faults for which the general is responsible。 These are: (1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse; (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout。
15。 Other conditions being equal; if one force is hurled against another ten times its size; the result will be the flight of the former。
16。 When the mon soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak; the result is insubordination。 When the officers are too strong and the mon soldiers too weak; the result is collapse。
17。 When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate; and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment; before the mander…in…chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight; the result is ruin。
18。 When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men; and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner; the result is utter disorganization。
19。 When a general; unable to estimate the enemy's strength; allows an inferior force to engage a larger one; or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one; and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank; the result must be rout。
20。 These are six ways of courting defeat; which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post。
21。 The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary; of controlling the forces of victory; and of shrewdly calculating difficulties; dangers and distances; constitutes the test of a great general。
22。 He who knows these things; and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice; will win his battles。 He who knows them not; nor practices them; will surely be defeated。
23。 If fighting is sure to result in victory; then you must fight; even though the ruler forbid it; if fighting will not result in victory; then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding。
24。 The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace; whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign; is the jewel of the kingdom。
25。 Regard your soldiers as your children; and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look upon them as your own beloved sons; and they will stand by you even unto death。
26。 If; however; you are indulgent; but unable to make your authority felt; kind…hearted; but unable to enforce your mands; and incapable; moreover; of quelling disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children; they are useless for any practical purpose。
27。 If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack; but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack; we have gone only halfway towards victory。
28。 If we know that the enemy is open to attack; but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack; we have gone only halfway towards victory。
29。 If we know that the enemy is open to attack; and also know that our men are in a condition to attack; but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable; we have still gone only halfway towards victory。
30。 Hence the experienced soldier; once in motion; is never bewildered; once he has broken camp; he is never at a loss。
31。 Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself; your victory will not stand in doubt; if you know Heaven and know Earth; you may make your victory plete。
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11《孫子兵法》九地篇第十一
孫子曰:用兵之法,有散地,有輕地,有爭地,有交地,有衢地,有重地,有圮地,有圍地,有死地。諸侯自戰其地,為散地。入人之地不深者,為輕地。我得則利,彼得亦利者,為爭地。我可以往,彼可以來者,為交地。諸侯之地三屬,先至而得天下眾者,為衢地。入人之地深,背城邑多者,為重地。山林、險阻、沮澤,凡難行之道者,為圮地。所從由入者隘,所從歸者迂,彼寡可以擊我之眾者,為圍地。疾戰則存,不疾戰則亡者,為死地。是故散地則無戰,輕地則無止
,爭地則無攻,衢地則合交,重地則掠,圮地則行,圍地則郑赖貏t戰。
所謂古之善用兵者,能使敵人前後不相及,眾寡不相恃,貴賤不相救,上下不相收,卒離而不集,兵合而不齊。合于利而動,不合于利而止。敢問:“敵眾整而將來,待之若何?”曰:“先奪其所愛,則聽矣。”
兵之情主速,乘人之不及,由不虞之道,攻其所不戒也。
凡為客之道:深入則專,主人不克。掠于饒野,三軍足食。謹養而勿勞,并氣積力,卟⒂嬛,為不可測。投之無所往,死且不北。死焉不得,士人盡力。兵士甚陷則不懼,無所往則固,深入則拘,不得已則鬥。是故其兵不修而戒,不求而得,不約而親,不令而信。禁祥去疑,至死無所之。吾士無餘財,非惡貨也﹔無餘命,非惡壽也。令發之日,士卒坐者涕沾襟,偃臥者淚交頤。投之無所往者,諸、劌之勇也。
故善用兵者,譬如率然。率然者,常山之蛇也。擊其首則尾至,擊其尾則首至,擊其中則首尾俱至。敢問:“兵可使如率然乎?”曰:“可。”夫吳人與越人相惡也,當其同舟而濟,遇風,其相救也,如左右手。是故方馬埋輪,未足恃也。齊勇如一,政之道