孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第6章
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酪玻瑒側峤缘茫刂硪病９噬朴帽撸瑪y手若使一人，不得已也。
將軍之事：靜以幽，正以治。能愚士卒之耳目，使之無知。易其事，革其郑谷藷o識。易其居，迂其途，使人不得懀А浥c之期，如登高而去其梯。帥與之深入諸侯之地，而發其機，焚舟破釜，若驅群羊。驅而往，驅而來，莫知所之。聚三軍之眾，投之于險，此謂將軍之事也。九地之變，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。
凡為客之道：深則專，渼t散。去國越境而師者，絕地也﹔四達者，衢地也﹔入深者，重地也﹔入溦撸p地也﹔背固前隘者，圍地也﹔無所往者，死地也。
是故散地，吾將一其志﹔輕地，吾將使之屬﹔爭地，吾將趨其後﹔交地，吾將謹其守﹔衢地，吾將固其結﹔重地，吾將繼其食﹔圮地，吾將進其途﹔圍地，吾將塞其闕﹔死地，吾將示之以不活。
故兵之情：圍則御，不得已則鬥，過則從。
是故不知諸侯之终撸荒茴A交。不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍。不用鄉導，不能得地利。四五者，不知一，非霸、王之兵也。夫霸、王之兵，伐大國，則其眾不得聚﹔威加于敵，則其交不得合。是故不爭天下之交，不養天下之權，信己之私，威加于敵，則其城可拔，其國可隳。施無法之賞，懸無政之令，犯三軍之眾，若使一人。犯之以事，勿告以言。犯之以利，勿告以害。
投之亡地然後存，陷之死地然後生。夫眾陷于害，然後能為勝敗。
故為兵之事，在于佯順敵之意，并敵一向，千里殺將，是謂巧能成事者也。
是故政舉之日，夷關折符，無通其使﹔勵于廊廟之上，以誅其事。敵人開闔，必亟入之，先其所愛，微與之期。邸S敵，以決戰事。是故始如處女，敵人開戶，後如脫兔，敵不及拒。
XI。 THE NINE SITUATIONS
1。 Sun Tzu said： The art of war recognizes nine varieties of ground： （1） Dispersive ground； （2） facile ground； （3） contentious ground； （4） open ground； （5） ground of intersecting highways； （6） serious ground； （7） difficult ground； （8） hemmed…in ground； （9） desperate ground。
2。 When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory； it is dispersive ground。
3。 When he has penetrated into hostile territory； but to no great distance； it is facile ground。
4。 Ground the possession of which imports great advantage to either side； is contentious ground。
5。 Ground on which each side has liberty of movement is open ground。
6。 Ground which forms the key to three contiguous states； so that he who occupies it first has most of the Empire at his mand； is a ground of intersecting highways。
7。 When an army has penetrated into the heart of a hostile country； leaving a number of fortified cities in its rear； it is serious ground。
8。 Mountain forests； rugged steeps； marshes and fens—all country that is hard to traverse： this is difficult ground。
9。 Ground which is reached through narrow gorges； and from which we can only retire by tortuous paths； so that a small number of the enemy would suffice to crush a large body of our men： this is hemmed in ground。
10。 Ground on which we can only be saved from destruction by fighting without delay is desperate ground。
11。 On dispersive ground； therefore； fight not。 On facile ground； halt not。 On contentious ground； attack not。
12。 On open ground； do not try to block the enemy's way。 On the ground of intersecting highways； join hands with your allies。
13。 On serious ground； gather in plunder。 In difficult ground； keep steadily on the march。
14。 On hemmed…in ground； resort to stratagem。 On desperate ground； fight。
15。 Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy's front and rear； to prevent co…operation between his large and small divisions； to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad； the officers from rallying their men。
16。 When the enemy's men were united； they managed to keep them in disorder。
17。 When it was to their advantage； they made a forward move； when otherwise； they stopped still。
18。 If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack； I should say： 〃Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear； then he will be amenable to your will。〃
19。 Rapidity is the essence of war： take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness； make your way by unexpected routes； and attack unguarded spots。
20。 The following are the principles to be observed by an invading force： The further you penetrate into a country； the greater will be the solidarity of your troops； and thus the defenders will not prevail against you。
21。 Make forays in fertile country in order to supply your army with food。
22。 Carefully study the well…being of your men； and do not overtax them。 Concentrate your energy and hoard your strength。 Keep your army continually on the move； and devise unfathomable plans。
23。 Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape； and they will prefer death to flight。 If they will face death； there is nothing they may not achieve。 Officers and men alike will put forth their uttermost strength。
24。 Soldiers when in desperate straits lose the sense of fear。 If there is no place of refuge； they will stand firm。 If they are in hostile country； they will show a stubborn front。 If there is no help for it； they will fight hard。
25。 Thus； without waiting to be marshaled； the soldiers will be constantly on the qui vive； without waiting to be asked； they will do your will； without restrictions； they will be faithful； without giving orders； they can be trusted。
26。 Prohibit the taking of omens； and do away with superstitious doubts。 Then； until death itself es； no calamity need be feared。
27。 If our soldiers are not overburdened with money； it is not because they have a distaste for riches； if their lives are not unduly long； it is not because they are disinclined to longevity。
28。 On the day they are ordered out to battle； your soldiers may weep； those sitting up bedewing their garments； and those lying down letting the tears run down their cheeks。 But let them once be brought to bay； and they will display the courage of a Chu or a Kuei。
29。 The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai…jan。 Now the shuai…jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng mountains。 Strike at its head； and you will be attacked by its tail； strike at its tail； and you will be attacked by its head； strike at its middle； and you will be attacked by head and tail both。
30。 Asked if an army can be made to imitate the shuai…jan； I should answer； Yes。 For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are enemies； yet if they are crossing a river in the same boat and are caught by a storm； they will e to each other's assistance just as the left hand helps the right。
31。 Hence it is not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of horses； and the burying of chariot wheels in the ground。
32。 The principle on which to manage an army is to set up one standard of courage which all must reach。
33。 How to make the best of both strong and weak—that is a question involving the proper use of ground。
34。 Thus the skillful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man； willy…nilly； by the hand。
35。 It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy； upright and just； and thus maintain order。
36。 He must be able to mystify his officers and men by false reports and appearances； and thus keep them in total ignorance。
37。 By altering his arrangements and changing his plans； he keeps the enemy without definite knowledge。 By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes； he prevents the enemy from anticipating his purpose。
38。 At the critical moment； the leader of an army acts like one who has climbed up a height and then kicks away the ladder behind him。 He carries his men deep into hostile territory before he shows his hand。
39。 He burns his boats and breaks his cooking…pots； like a shepherd driving a flock of sheep； he drives his men this way and that； and nothing knows where he is going。
40。 To muster his host and bring it into danger： this may be termed the business of the general。
41。 The different measures suited to the nine varieties of ground； the expediency of aggressive or defensive tactics； and the fundamental laws of human nature： these are things that must most certainly be studied。
42。 When invading hostile territory； the general principle is； that penetrating deeply brings cohesion； penetrating but a short way means dispersion。
43。 When you leave your own country behind； and take your army across neighborhood territory； you find yourself on critical ground。 When there are means of munication on all four sides； the ground is one of intersecting highways。
44。 When you penetrate deeply into a country； it is serious ground。 When you penetrate but a little way； it is facile ground。
45。 When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear； and narrow passes in front； it is hemmed…in ground。 When there is no place of refuge at all； it is desperate ground。
46。 Therefore； on dispersive ground； I would inspire my men with unity of purpose。 On facile ground； I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army。
47。 On contentious ground； I would hurry up my rear。
48。 On open ground； I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses。 On ground of intersecting highways； I would consolidate my alliances。
49。 On serious ground； I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies。 On difficult ground； I would keep pushing on along the road。
50。 On hemmed…in ground； I would block any way of retreat。 On desperate ground； I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives。
51。 For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded； to fight hard when he cannot help himself； and to obey promptly when he has fallen into danger。
52。 We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs。 We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the countryits mountains and forests； its pitfalls and precipices； its marshes and swamps。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides。
53。 To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince。
54。 When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state； his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces。 He overawes his opponents； and their allies are prevented from joining against him。
55。 Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry； nor does he foster the power of other states。 He carries out his own secret designs； keeping his antagonists in awe。 Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms。
56。 Bestow rewards without regard to rule； issue orders without regard to previous arrangements； and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man。
57。 Confront your soldiers with the deed itself； never let them know your design。 When the outlook is bright； bring it before their eyes； but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy。
58。 Place your army in deadly peril； and it will survive； plunge it into desperate straits； and it will e off in safety。
59。 For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory。
60。 Success in warfare is gained by carefully acmodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose。
61。 By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank； we sh
