孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第7章
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60。 Success in warfare is gained by carefully acmodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose。
61。 By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank； we shall succeed in the long run in killing the mander…in…chief。
62。 This is called ability to acplish a thing by sheer cunning。
63。 On the day that you take up your mand； block the frontier passes； destroy the official tallies； and stop the passage of all emissaries。
64。 Be stern in the council…chamber； so that you may control the situation。
65。 If the enemy leaves a door open； you must rush in。
66。 Forestall your opponent by seizing what he holds dear； and subtly contrive to time his arrival on the ground。
67。 Walk in the path defined by rule； and acmodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight a decisive battle。
68。 At first； then； exhibit the coyness of a maiden； until the enemy gives you an opening； afterwards emulate the rapidity of a running hare； and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you。
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12《孫子兵法》火攻篇第十二
孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在萁、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。
凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之。火發于內，則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻。極其火力，可從而從之，不可從而止。火可發于外，無待于內，以時發之。火發上風，無攻下風。晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知有五火之變，以數守之。
故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以絕，不可以奪。
夫戰勝攻取，而不修其功者凶，命曰“費留”。故曰：明主懀е紝⑿拗７抢粍樱堑貌挥茫俏２粦稹Ｖ鞑豢梢耘d師，將不可以慍而致戰。合于利而動，不合于利而止。怒可以復喜，慍可以復悅，亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。故明君慎之，良將警之。此安國全軍之道也。
XII。 THE ATTACK BY FIRE
1。 Sun Tzu said： There are five ways of attacking with fire。 The first is to burn soldiers in their camp； the second is to burn stores； the third is to burn baggage trains； the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines； the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy。
2。 In order to carry out an attack； we must have means available。 The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness。
3。 There is a proper season for making attacks with fire； and special days for starting a conflagration。
4。 The proper season is when the weather is very dry； the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve； the Wall； the Wing or the Cross…bar； for these four are all days of rising wind。
5。 In attacking with fire； one should be prepared to meet five possible developments：
6。 （1） When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp； respond at once with an attack from without。
7。 （2） If there is an outbreak of fire； but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet； bide your time and do not attack。
8。 （3） When the force of the flames has reached its height； follow it up with an attack； if that is practicable； if not； stay where you are。
9。 （4） If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without； do not wait for it to break out within； but deliver your attack at a favorable moment。
10。 （5） When you start a fire； be to windward of it。 Do not attack from the leeward。
11。 A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long； but a night breeze soon falls。
12。 In every army； the five developments connected with fire must be known； the movements of the stars calculated； and a watch kept for the proper days。
13。 Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence； those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength。
14。 By means of water； an enemy may be intercepted； but not robbed of all his belongings。
15。 Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise； for the result is waste of time and general stagnation。
16。 Hence the saying： The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead； the good general cultivates his resources。
17。 Move not unless you see an advantage； use not your troops unless there is something to be gained； fight not unless the position is critical。
18。 No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen； no general should fight a battle simply out of pique。
19。 If it is to your advantage； make a forward move； if not； stay where you are。
20。 Anger may in time change to gladness； vexation may be succeeded by content。
21。 But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never e again into being； nor can the dead ever be brought back to life。
22。 Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful； and the good general full of caution。 This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact。
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13《孫子兵法》用間篇第十三
孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金。內外颍齽樱∮诘缆罚坏貌偈抡撸呤f家。相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也。非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出于眾者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度。必取于人，知敵之情者也。
故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。因間者，因其鄉人而用之。內間者，因其官人而用之。反間者，因其敵間而用之。死間者，為誑事于外，令吾聞知之，而傳于敵間也。生間者，反報也。
故三軍之事，莫親于間，賞莫厚于間，事莫密于間。非拢遣荒苡瞄g，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉！微哉！無所不用間也。間事未發，而先聞者，間與所告者兼死。
凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、郑д摺㈤T者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。
必索敵人之間來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也。因是而知之，故鄉間、內間可得而使也﹔因是而知之，故死間為誑事可使告敵﹔因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，君必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。
昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏﹔周之興也，呂牙在殷。故惟明君賢將能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。
XIII。 THE USE OF SPIES
1。 Sun Tzu said： Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State。 The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver。 There will be motion at home and abroad； and men will drop down exhausted on the highways。 As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor。
2。 Hostile armies may face each other for years； striving for the victory which is decided in a single day。 This being so； to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments； is the height of inhumanity。
3。 One who acts thus is no leader of men； no present help to his sovereign； no master of victory。
4。 Thus； what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer； and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men； is foreknowledge。
5。 Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits； it cannot be obtained inductively from experience； nor by any deductive calculation。
6。 Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men。
7。 Hence the use of spies； of whom there are five classes： （1） Local spies； （2） inward spies； （3） converted spies； （4） doomed spies； （5） surviving spies。
8。 When these five kinds of spy are all at work； none can discover the secret system。 This is called 〃divine manipulation of the threads。〃 It is the sovereign's most precious faculty。
9。 Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district。
10。 Having inward spies； making use of officials of the enemy。
11。 Having converted spies； getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes。
12。 Having doomed spies； doing certain things openly for purposes of deception； and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy。
13。 Surviving spies； finally； are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp。
14。 Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies。 None should be more liberally rewarded。 In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved。
15。 Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity。
16。 They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness。
17。 Without subtle ingenuity of mind； one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports。
18。 Be subtle！ Be subtle！ And use your spies for every kind of business。
19。 If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe； he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told。
20。 Whether the object be to crush an army； to storm a city； or to assassinate an individual； it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants； the aides…de…camp； and door…keepers and sentries of the general in mand。 Our spies must be missioned to ascertain these。
21。 The enemy's spies who have e to spy on us must be sought out； tempted with bribes； led away and fortably housed。 Thus they will bee converted spies and available for our service。
22。 It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies。
23。 It is owing to his information； again； that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy。
24。 Lastly； it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions。
25。 The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy； and this knowledge can only be derived； in the first instance； from the converted spy。 Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality。
26。 Of old； the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia。 Likewise； the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin。
27。 Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results。 Spies are a most important element in water； because on them depends an army's ability to move。
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