industrial biography-第14章

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Copley　failed；　like　his　predecessors；　in　making　iron；　and　at　length

he　too　desisted　from　further　experiments。



Such　continued　to　be　the　state　of　things　until　the　Restoration；　when

we　find　Dud　Dudley　a　petitioner　to　the　king　for　the　renewal　of　his

patent。　　He　was　also　a　petitioner　for　compensation　in　respect　of　the

heavy　losses　he　had　sustained　during　the　civil　wars。　　The　king　was

besieged　by　crowds　of　applicants　of　a　similar　sort；　but　Dudley　was　no

more　successful　than　the　others。　　He　failed　in　obtaining　the　renewal

of　his　patent。　　Another　applicant　for　the　like　privilege；　probably

having　greater　interest　at　court；　proved　more　successful。　　Colonel

Proger　and　three　others*

　＇footnote。。。

June　13；　1661。　　Petition　of　Col。　　Jas。　　Proger　and　three　others　to　the

king　for　a　patent　for　the　sole　exercise　of　their　invention　of　melting

down　iron　and　other　metals　with　coal　instead　of　wood；　as　the　great

consumption　of　coal　＇charcoal　？＇　therein　causes　detriment　to

shipping；　&c。　　With　reference　thereon　to　Attorney…General　Palmer；　and

his　report；　June　18；　in　favour　of　the　petition；State　Papers；

Charles　II。　　（Dom。　vol；　xxxvii；　49。

　。。。＇

were　granted　a　patent　to　make　iron　with　coal；　but　Dudley　knew　the

secret；　which　the　new　patentees　did　not；　and　their　patent　came　to

nothing。



Dudley　continued　to　address　the　king　in　importunate　petitions；　asking

to　be　restored　to　his　former　offices　of　Serjeant…at…arms；　Lieutenant

of　Ordnance；　and　Surveyor　of　the　Mews　or　Armoury。　　He　also　petitioned

to　be　appointed　Master　of　the　Charter　House　in　Smithfield；　professing

himself　willing　to　take　anything；　or　hold　any　living。*

　＇footnote。。。

In　his　second　petition　he　prays　that　a　dwelling…house　situated　in

Worcester；　and　belonging　to　one　Baldwin；　〃a　known　traitor；〃　may　be

assigned　to　him　in　lieu　of　Alderman　Nash's；　which　had　reverted　to

that　individual　since　his　return　to　loyalty；　Dudley　reminding　the

king　that　his　own　house　in　that　city　had　been　given　up　by　him　for　the

service　of　his　father　Charles　I。；　and　turned　into　a　factory　for　arms。

It　does　not　appear　that　this　part　of　his　petition　was　successful。

　。。。＇

We　find　him　sending　in　two　petitions　to　a　similar　effect　in　June；

1660；　and　a　third　shortly　after。　　The　result　was；　that　he　was

reappointed　to　the　office　of　Serjeant…at…Arms；　but　the　Mastership　of

the　Charter…House　was　not　disposed　of　until　1662；　when　it　fell　to　the

lot　of　one　Thomas　Watson。*

　＇footnote。。。

State　Papers；　vol。　xxxi。　Doquet　Book；　p。89。

　。。。＇

In　1661；　we　find　a　patent　granted　to　Wm。　　Chamberlaine　andDudley；

Esq。；　for　the　sole　use　of　their　new　invention　of　plating　steel；　&c。；

and　tinning　the　said　plates；　but　whether　Dud　Dudley　was　the　person

referred　to；　we　are　unable　precisely　to　determine。　　A　few　years　later；

he　seems　to　have　succeeded　in　obtaining　the　means　of　prosecuting　his

original　invention；　for　in　his　Metallum　Martis；　published　in　1665；　he

describes　himself　as　living　at　Green's　Lodge；　in　Staffordshire；　and

he　says　that　near　it　are　four　forges；　Green's　Forge；　Swin　Forge；

Heath　Forge；　and　Cradley　Forge；　where　he　practises　his　〃perfect

invention。〃　　These　forges；　he　adds；　〃have　barred　all　or　most　part　of

their　iron　with　pit…coal　since　the　authors　first　invention　In　1618；

which　hath　preserved　much　wood。　　In　these　four；　besides　many　other

forges；　do　the　like　＇sic　＇；　yet　the　author　hath　had　no　benefit

thereby　to　this　present。〃　　From　that　time　forward；　Dud　becomes　lost　to

sight。　　He　seems　eventually　to　have　retired　to　St。　　Helen's　in

Worcestershire；　where　he　died　in　1684；　in　the　85th　year　of　his　age。

He　was　buried　in　the　parish　church　there；　and　a　monument；　now

destroyed；　was　erected　to　his　memory；　bearing　the　inscription　partly

set　forth　underneath。*

　＇footnote。。。



　　Pulvis　et　umbra　sumus

　　Memento　mori。



Dodo　Dudley　chiliarchi　nobilis　Edwardi　nuper　domini　de　Dudley　filius；

patri　charus　et　regiae　Majestatis　fidissimus　subditus　et　servus　in

asserendo　regein；　in　vindicartdo　ecclesiam；　in　propugnando　legem　ac

libertatem　Anglicanam；　saepe　captus；　anno　1648；　semel　condemnatus　et

tamen　non　decollatus；　renatum　denuo　vidit　diadaema　hic　inconcussa

semper　virtute　senex。



　Differt　non　aufert　mortem　longissima　vita

　Sed　differt　multam　cras　hodiere　mori。

　Quod　nequeas　vitare；　fugis：　　

　Nec　formidanda　est。



Plot　frequently　alludes　to　Dudley　in　his　Natural　History　of

Staffordshire；　and　when　he　does　so　he　describes　him　as　the　〃worshipful

Dud　Dudley；〃　showing　the　estimation　in　which　he　was　held　by　his

contemporaries。

　。。。＇



CHAPTER　IV。



ANDREW　YARRANTON。



〃There　never　have　been　wanting　men　to　whom　England's　improvement　by

sea　and　land　was　one　of　the　dearest　thoughts　of　their　lives；　and　to

whom　England's　good　was　the　foremost　of　their　worldly　considerations。

And　such；　emphatically；　was　Andrew　Yarranton；　a　true　patriot　in　the

best　sense　of　the　word。〃DOVE；　Elements　of　Political　Science。





That　industry　had　a　sore　time　of　it　during　the　civil　wars　will

further　appear　from　the　following　brief　account　of　Andrew　Yarranton；

which　may　be　taken　as　a　companion　memoir　to　that　of　Dud　Dudley。　　For

Yarranton　also　was　a　Worcester　ironmaster　and　a　soldierthough　on

the　opposite　side；but　more　even　than　Dudley　was　he　a　man　of　public

spirit　and　enterprise；　an　enlightened　political　economist　（long

before　political　economy　had　been　recognised　as　a　science）；　and　in

many　respects　a　true　national　benefactor。　　Bishop　Watson　said　that　he

ought　to　have　had　a　statue　erected　to　his　memory　because　of　his

eminent　public　services；　and　an　able　modern　writer　has　gone　so　far　as

to　say　of　him　that　he　was　〃the　founder　of　English　political　economy；

the　first　man　in　England　who　saw　and　said　that　peace　was　better　than

war；　that　trade　was　better　than　plunder；　that　honest　industry　was

better　than　martial　greatness；　and　that　the　best　occupation　of　a

government　was　to　secure　prosperity　at　home；　and　let　other　nations

alone。〃*

　＇footnote。。。

PATRICK　EDWARD　DOVE；　Elements　of　Political　Science。　　Edinburgh；　1854。

　。。。＇

Yet　the　name　of　Andrew　Yarranton　is　scarcely　remembered；　or　is　at

most　known　to　only　a　few　readers　of　half…forgotten　books。　　The

following　brief　outline　of　his　history　is　gathered　from　his　own

narrative　and　from　documents　in　the　State　Paper　Office。



Andrew　Yarranton　was　born　at　the　farmstead　of　Larford；　in　the　parish

of　Astley；　in　Worcestershire；　in　the　year　1616。*

　＇footnote。。。

A　copy　of　the　entries　in　the　parish　register　relating　to　the　various

members　of　the　Yarranton　family；　kindly　forwarded　to　us　by　the　Rev。

H。　　W。　　Cookes；　rector　of　Astley；　shows　them　to　have　resided　in　that

parish　for　many　generations。　　There　were　the　Yarrantons　of　Yarranton；

of　Redstone；　of　Larford；　of　Brockenton；　and　of　Longmore。　　With　that

disregard　for　orthography　in　proper　names　which　prevailed　some　three

hundred　years　since；　they　are　indifferently　designated　as　Yarran；

Yarranton；　and　Yarrington。　　The　name　was　most　probably　derived　from

two　farms　named　Great　and　Little　Yarranton；　or　Yarran　（originally

Yarhampton）；　situated　in　the　parish　of　Astley。　　The　Yarrantons

frequently　filled　local　offices　in　that　parish；　and　we　find　several

of　them　officiating　at　different　periods　as　bailiffs　of　Bewdley。

　。。。＇

In　his　sixteenth　year　he　was　put　apprentice　to　a　Worcester

linendraper；　and　remained　at　that　trade　for　some　years；　but　not

liking　it；　he　left　it；　and　was　leading　a　country　life　when　the　civil

wars　broke　out。　　Unlike　Dudley；　he　took　the　side　of　the　Parliament；

and　joined　their　army；　in　which　he　served　for　some　time　as　a　soldier。

His　zeal　and　abilities　commended　him　to　his　officers；　and　he　was

raised　from　one　position　to　another；　until　in　the　course　of　a　few

years　we　find　him　holding　the　rank　of　captain。　　〃While　a　soldier；〃

says　he；　〃I　had　sometimes　the　honour　and　misfortune　to　lodge　and

dislodge　an　army；〃　but　this　is　all　the　information　he　gives　us　of　his

military　career。　　In　the　year　1648　he　was　instrumental　in　discovering

and　frustrating　a　design　on　the　part　of　the　Royalists　to　seize　Doyley

House　in　the　county　of　Hereford；　and　other　strongholds；　for　which　he

received　the　thanks　of　Parliament　〃for　his　ingenuity；　discretion；　and

valour；〃　and　a　substantial　reward　of　500L。*

　＇footnote。。。

Journals　of　the　House　of　Commons；　lst　July；　1648。

　。。。＇

He　was　also　recommended　to　the　Committee　of　Worcester　for　further

employment。　　But　from　that　time　we　hear　no　more　of　him　in　connection

with　the　civil　wars。　　When　Cromwell　assumed　the　supreme　control　of

affairs；　Yarranton　retired　from　the　army　with　most　of　the

Presbyterians；　and　devoted　himself　to　industrial　pursuits。



We　then　find　him　engaged　in　carrying　on　the　manufacture　of　iron　at

Ashley；　near　Bewdley；　in　Worcestershire。　　〃In　the　year　1652〃；　says　he；

〃I　entered　upon　iron…works；　and　plied　them　for　several　years。〃*

　＇footnote。。。

YARRANTON'S　England's　Improvement　by　Sea　and　Land。　　Part　I。　　London；

1677。

　。。。＇

He　made　it　a　subject　of　his　diligent　study　how　to　provide　employment

for　the　poor；　then　much　distressed　by　the　late　wars。　　With　the　help　of

his　wife；　he　established　a　manufacture　of　linen；　which　was　attended

with　good　results。　　Observing　how　the　difficulties　of　communication；

by　reason　of　the　badness　of　the　roads；　hindered　the　development　of

the　rich　natural　resources　of　the　western　counties；*

　＇footnote。。。

There　seems　a　foundation　of　truth　in　the　old　English　distich　



　The　North　for　Greatness；　the　East　for　Health；

　The　South　for　Neatness；　the　West　for　Wealth。

　。。。＇

he　applied　himself　to　the　improvement　of　the　navigation　of　the　larger

rivers；　making　surveys　of　them　at　his　own　cost；　and　endeavouring　to

stimulate　local　enterprise　so　as　to　enable　him　to　carry　his　plans

into　effect。



While　thus　occupied；　the　restoration　of　Charles　II。　took　place；　and

whether　through　envy　or　enmity　Yarranton's　activity　excited　the

suspicion　of　the　authorities。　　His　journeys　from　place　to　place　seemed

to　them　to　point　to　some　Presbyterian　plot　on　foot。　　On　the　13th　of

November；　1660；　Lord　Windsor；　Lord…Lieutenant　of　the　county；　wrote　to

the　Secretary　of　State〃There　is　a　quaker　in　prison　for　speaking

treason　against　his　Majesty；　and　a　countryman　also；　and　Captain

Yarrington　for　refusing　to　obey　my　authority。〃*

　＇footnote。。。

State　Paper　Office。　　Dom。　Charles　II。　1660…1。　　Yarranton　afterwards

succeeded　in　making　a　friend　of　Lord　Windsor；　as　would　appear　from

his　dedication　of　England's　Improvement　to　his　Lordship；　whom　he

thanks　for　the　encouragement　he　had　given　to　him　in　his　survey　of

several　rivers　with　a　view　to　their　being　rendered　navigable。

　。。。＇

It　would　appear　from　subsequent　letters　that　Yarranton　must　have　lain

in　prison　for　nearly　two　years；　charged　with　conspiring　against　the

king's　authority；　the　only　evidence　against　him　consisting　of　some

anonymous　letter's。　　At　the　end　of　May；　1662；　he　succeeded　in　making

his