°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > philebus >

µÚ5ÕÂ

philebus-µÚ5ÕÂ

С˵£º philebus ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡





fathers¡¡have¡¡declared£»¡¡ordered¡¡and¡¡governed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡marvellous



intelligence¡¡and¡¡wisdom¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Wide¡¡asunder¡¡are¡¡the¡¡two¡¡assertions£»¡¡illustrious¡¡Socrates£»



for¡¡that¡¡which¡¡you¡¡were¡¡just¡¡now¡¡saying¡¡to¡¡me¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡be¡¡blasphemy£»



but¡¡the¡¡other¡¡assertion£»¡¡that¡¡mind¡¡orders¡¡all¡¡things£»¡¡is¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡the



aspect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sun£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moon£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stars



and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡circle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heavens£»¡¡and¡¡never¡¡will¡¡I¡¡say¡¡or



think¡¡otherwise¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Shall¡¡we¡¡then¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡them¡¡of¡¡old¡¡time¡¡in¡¡maintaining¡¡this



doctrine¡­not¡¡merely¡¡reasserting¡¡the¡¡notions¡¡of¡¡others£»¡¡without¡¡risk¡¡to



ourselves£»¡­but¡¡shall¡¡we¡¡share¡¡in¡¡the¡¡danger£»¡¡and¡¡take¡¡our¡¡part¡¡of



the¡¡reproach¡¡which¡¡will¡¡await¡¡us£»¡¡when¡¡an¡¡ingenious¡¡individual



declares¡¡that¡¡all¡¡is¡¡disorder£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡That¡¡would¡¡certainly¡¡be¡¡my¡¡wish¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡now¡¡please¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡next¡¡stage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡argument¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Let¡¡me¡¡hear¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡We¡¡see¡¡that¡¡the¡¡elements¡¡which¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the



bodies¡¡of¡¡all¡¡animals£»¡¡fire£»¡¡water£»¡¡air£»¡¡and£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡storm¡­tossed



sailor¡¡cries£»¡¡¡¨land¡¨¡¡£§i¡£e¡££»¡¡earth£§£»¡¡reappear¡¡in¡¡the¡¡constitution¡¡of



the¡¡world¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡The¡¡proverb¡¡may¡¡be¡¡applied¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡for¡¡truly¡¡the¡¡storm¡¡gathers



over¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡are¡¡at¡¡our¡¡wit's¡¡end¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡something¡¡to¡¡be¡¡remarked¡¡about¡¡each¡¡of¡¡these¡¡elements¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡it£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Only¡¡a¡¡small¡¡fraction¡¡of¡¡any¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡exists¡¡in¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡that



of¡¡a¡¡mean¡¡sort£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡in¡¡any¡¡way¡¡pure£»¡¡or¡¡having¡¡any¡¡power¡¡worthy¡¡of



its¡¡nature¡£¡¡One¡¡instance¡¡will¡¡prove¡¡this¡¡of¡¡all¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡fire



within¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universe¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡True¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡is¡¡not¡¡our¡¡fire¡¡small¡¡and¡¡weak¡¡and¡¡mean£¿¡¡But¡¡the¡¡fire¡¡in



the¡¡universe¡¡is¡¡wonderful¡¡in¡¡quantity¡¡and¡¡beauty£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡every¡¡power



that¡¡fire¡¡has¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Most¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fire¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡nourished¡¡and¡¡generated¡¡and



ruled¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fire¡¡in¡¡us£»¡¡or¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fire¡¡in¡¡you¡¡and¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡other



animals£»¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡fire£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡a¡¡question¡¡which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡deserve¡¡an¡¡answer¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Right£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡would¡¡say¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡mistaken£»¡¡of¡¡the



earth¡¡which¡¡is¡¡in¡¡animals¡¡and¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡which¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universe£»



and¡¡you¡¡would¡¡give¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡reply¡¡about¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡elements£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Why£»¡¡how¡¡could¡¡any¡¡man¡¡who¡¡gave¡¡any¡¡other¡¡be¡¡deemed¡¡in¡¡his



senses£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡­but¡¡now¡¡go¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡next¡¡step¡£



When¡¡we¡¡saw¡¡those¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡speaking¡¡gathered



up¡¡in¡¡one£»¡¡did¡¡we¡¡not¡¡call¡¡them¡¡a¡¡body£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡We¡¡did¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡same¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cosmos£»¡¡which¡¡for¡¡the¡¡same



reason¡¡may¡¡be¡¡considered¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡body£»¡¡because¡¡made¡¡up¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same



elements¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡But¡¡is¡¡our¡¡body¡¡nourished¡¡wholly¡¡by¡¡this¡¡body£»¡¡or¡¡is¡¡this



body¡¡nourished¡¡by¡¡our¡¡body£»¡¡thence¡¡deriving¡¡and¡¡having¡¡the¡¡qualities



of¡¡which¡¡we¡¡were¡¡just¡¡now¡¡speaking£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡That¡¡again£»¡¡Socrates£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡question¡¡which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡deserve¡¡to



be¡¡asked¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Well£»¡¡tell¡¡me£»¡¡is¡¡this¡¡question¡¡worth¡¡asking£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡What¡¡question£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡May¡¡our¡¡body¡¡be¡¡said¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a¡¡soul£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Clearly¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡whence¡¡comes¡¡that¡¡soul£»¡¡my¡¡dear¡¡Protarchus£»¡¡unless¡¡the¡¡body



of¡¡the¡¡universe£»¡¡which¡¡contains¡¡elements¡¡like¡¡those¡¡in¡¡our¡¡bodies



but¡¡in¡¡every¡¡way¡¡fairer£»¡¡had¡¡also¡¡a¡¡soul£¿¡¡Can¡¡there¡¡be¡¡another¡¡source£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Clearly£»¡¡Socrates£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡only¡¡source¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Why£»¡¡yes£»¡¡Protarchus£»¡¡for¡¡surely¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡imagine¡¡that¡¡of



the¡¡four¡¡classes£»¡¡the¡¡finite£»¡¡the¡¡infinite£»¡¡the¡¡composition¡¡of¡¡the



two£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡cause£»¡¡the¡¡fourth£»¡¡which¡¡enters¡¡into¡¡all¡¡things£»¡¡giving



to¡¡our¡¡bodies¡¡souls£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡self¡­management£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡healing



disease£»¡¡and¡¡operating¡¡in¡¡other¡¡ways¡¡to¡¡heal¡¡and¡¡organize£»¡¡having



too¡¡all¡¡the¡¡attributes¡¡of¡¡wisdom£»¡­we¡¡cannot£»¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡imagine¡¡that



whereas¡¡the¡¡self¡­same¡¡elements¡¡exist£»¡¡both¡¡in¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡heaven¡¡and¡¡in



great¡¡provinces¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heaven£»¡¡only¡¡fairer¡¡and¡¡purer£»¡¡this¡¡last¡¡should



not¡¡also¡¡in¡¡that¡¡higher¡¡sphere¡¡have¡¡designed¡¡the¡¡noblest¡¡and¡¡fairest



things£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Such¡¡a¡¡supposition¡¡is¡¡quite¡¡unreasonable¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡if¡¡this¡¡be¡¡denied£»¡¡should¡¡we¡¡not¡¡be¡¡wise¡¡in¡¡adopting¡¡the



other¡¡view¡¡and¡¡maintaining¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡a¡¡mighty



infinite¡¡and¡¡an¡¡adequate¡¡limit£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡often¡¡spoken£»¡¡as¡¡well



as¡¡a¡¡presiding¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡no¡¡mean¡¡power£»¡¡which¡¡orders¡¡and¡¡arranges¡¡years



and¡¡seasons¡¡and¡¡months£»¡¡and¡¡may¡¡be¡¡justly¡¡called¡¡wisdom¡¡and¡¡mind£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Most¡¡justly¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡wisdom¡¡and¡¡mind¡¡cannot¡¡exist¡¡without¡¡soul£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Certainly¡¡not¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡Zeus¡¡would¡¡you¡¡not¡¡say¡¡that¡¡there



is¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡and¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡a¡¡king£»¡¡because¡¡there¡¡is¡¡in¡¡him¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of



the¡¡cause£¿¡¡And¡¡other¡¡gods¡¡have¡¡other¡¡attributes£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are



pleased¡¡to¡¡be¡¡called¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Do¡¡not¡¡then¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡these¡¡words¡¡are¡¡rashly¡¡spoken¡¡by¡¡us£»¡¡O



Protarchus£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡are¡¡in¡¡harmony¡¡with¡¡the¡¡testimony¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who



said¡¡of¡¡old¡¡time¡¡that¡¡mind¡¡rules¡¡the¡¡universe¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡True¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡they¡¡furnish¡¡an¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡my¡¡enquiry£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡imply¡¡that



mind¡¡is¡¡the¡¡parent¡¡of¡¡that¡¡class¡¡of¡¡the¡¡four¡¡which¡¡we¡¡called¡¡the¡¡cause



of¡¡all£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡think¡¡that¡¡you¡¡now¡¡have¡¡my¡¡answer¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡I¡¡have¡¡indeed£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡I¡¡did¡¡not¡¡observe¡¡that¡¡you¡¡had¡¡answered¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡A¡¡jest¡¡is¡¡sometimes¡¡refreshing£»¡¡Protarchus£»¡¡when¡¡it



interrupts¡¡earnest¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡friend£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡have¡¡now¡¡pretty¡¡clearly¡¡set¡¡forth



the¡¡class¡¡to¡¡which¡¡mind¡¡belongs¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡mind¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡True¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡class¡¡to¡¡which¡¡pleasure¡¡belongs¡¡has¡¡also¡¡been¡¡long



ago¡¡discovered£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Yes¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡let¡¡us¡¡remember£»¡¡too£»¡¡of¡¡both¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡£¨1£©¡¡that¡¡mind¡¡was



akin¡¡to¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡of¡¡this¡¡family£»¡¡and¡¡£¨2£©¡¡that¡¡pleasure¡¡is



infinite¡¡and¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡the¡¡class¡¡which¡¡neither¡¡has£»¡¡nor¡¡ever¡¡will



have¡¡in¡¡itself£»¡¡a¡¡beginning£»¡¡middle£»¡¡or¡¡end¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡sure¡¡to¡¡remember¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡We¡¡must¡¡next¡¡examine¡¡what¡¡is¡¡their¡¡place¡¡and¡¡under¡¡what



conditions¡¡they¡¡are¡¡generated¡£¡¡And¡¡we¡¡will¡¡begin¡¡with¡¡pleasure£»



since¡¡her¡¡class¡¡was¡¡first¡¡examined£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡pleasure¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡rightly



tested¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡pain¡¡ever



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡If¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡road£»¡¡let¡¡us¡¡take¡¡it¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡wonder¡¡whether¡¡you¡¡would¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡me¡¡about¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of



pleasure¡¡and¡¡pain¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡What¡¡do¡¡you¡¡mean£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡mean¡¡to¡¡say¡¡that¡¡their¡¡natural¡¡seat¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mixed¡¡class¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡And¡¡would¡¡you¡¡tell¡¡me¡¡again£»¡¡sweet¡¡Socrates£»¡¡which¡¡of¡¡the



aforesaid¡¡classes¡¡is¡¡the¡¡mixed¡¡one£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡will¡¡my¡¡fine¡¡fellow£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡best¡¡of¡¡my¡¡ability¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡good¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Let¡¡us¡¡then¡¡understand¡¡the¡¡mixed¡¡class¡¡to¡¡be¡¡that¡¡which¡¡we



placed¡¡third¡¡in¡¡the¡¡list¡¡of¡¡four¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡That¡¡which¡¡followed¡¡the¡¡infinite¡¡and¡¡the¡¡finite£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡which



you¡¡ranked¡¡health£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡mistaken£»¡¡harmony¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Capital£»¡¡and¡¡now¡¡will¡¡you¡¡please¡¡to¡¡give¡¡me¡¡your¡¡best



attention£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Proceed£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡attending¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡I¡¡say¡¡that¡¡when¡¡the¡¡harmony¡¡in¡¡animals¡¡is¡¡dissolved£»¡¡there¡¡is



also¡¡a¡¡dissolution¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡and¡¡a¡¡generation¡¡of¡¡pain¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡very¡¡probable¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡harmony¡¡and¡¡return¡¡to¡¡nature¡¡is¡¡the



source¡¡of¡¡pleasure£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡may¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fewest¡¡and



shortest¡¡words¡¡about¡¡matters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡moment¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡you¡¡are¡¡right£»¡¡Socrates£»¡¡but¡¡will¡¡you¡¡try¡¡to



be¡¡a¡¡little¡¡plainer£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Do¡¡not¡¡obvious¡¡and¡¡every¡­day¡¡phenomena¡¡furnish¡¡the¡¡simplest



illustration£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡What¡¡phenomena¡¡do¡¡you¡¡mean£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Hunger£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡dissolution¡¡and¡¡a¡¡pain¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡True¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Whereas¡¡eating¡¡is¡¡a¡¡replenishment¡¡and¡¡a¡¡pleasure£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Yes¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Thirst¡¡again¡¡is¡¡a¡¡destruction¡¡and¡¡a¡¡pain£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡of



moisture¡¡replenishing¡¡the¡¡dry¡¡Place¡¡is¡¡a¡¡pleasure£º¡¡once¡¡more£»¡¡the



unnatural¡¡separation¡¡and¡¡dissolution¡¡caused¡¡by¡¡heat¡¡is¡¡painful£»¡¡and



the¡¡natural¡¡restoration¡¡and¡¡refrigeration¡¡is¡¡pleasant¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡unnatural¡¡freezing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moisture¡¡in¡¡an¡¡animal¡¡is



pain£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡process¡¡of¡¡resolution¡¡and¡¡return¡¡of¡¡the¡¡elements



to¡¡their¡¡original¡¡state¡¡is¡¡pleasure¡£¡¡And¡¡would¡¡not¡¡the¡¡general



proposition¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡you¡¡to¡¡hold£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡destroying¡¡of¡¡the¡¡natural



union¡¡of¡¡the¡¡finite¡¡and¡¡infinite£»¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡observing¡¡before£»



make¡¡up¡¡the¡¡class¡¡of¡¡living¡¡beings£»¡¡is¡¡pain£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡process¡¡of



return¡¡of¡¡all¡¡things¡¡to¡¡their¡¡own¡¡nature¡¡is¡¡pleasure£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Granted£»¡¡what¡¡you¡¡say¡¡has¡¡a¡¡general¡¡truth¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Here¡¡then¡¡is¡¡one¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡pleasures¡¡and¡¡pains¡¡originating



severally¡¡in¡¡the¡¡two¡¡processes¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡described£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Good¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Let¡¡us¡¡next¡¡assume¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡herself¡¡there¡¡is¡¡an



antecedent¡¡hope¡¡of¡¡pleasure¡¡which¡¡is¡¡sweet¡¡and¡¡refreshing£»¡¡and¡¡an



expectation¡¡of¡¡pain£»¡¡fearful¡¡and¡¡anxious¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡this¡¡is¡¡another¡¡class¡¡of¡¡pleasures¡¡and¡¡pains£»¡¡which¡¡is



of¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡only£»¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡the¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡produced¡¡by¡¡expectation¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Right£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡the¡¡analysis¡¡of¡¡these£»¡¡pure£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡suppose¡¡them¡¡to



be£»¡¡the¡¡pleasures¡¡being¡¡unalloyed¡¡with¡¡pain¡¡and¡¡the¡¡pains¡¡with



pleasure£»¡¡methinks¡¡that¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡see¡¡clearly¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡class



of¡¡pleasure¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡desired£»¡¡or¡¡whether¡¡this¡¡quality¡¡of¡¡entire



desirableness¡¡is¡¡not¡¡rather¡¡to¡¡be¡¡attributed¡¡to¡¡another¡¡of¡¡the¡¡classes



which¡¡have¡¡been¡¡mentioned£»¡¡and¡¡whether¡¡pleasure¡¡and¡¡pain£»¡¡like¡¡heat



and¡¡cold£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡things¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡kind£»¡¡are¡¡not¡¡sometimes¡¡to¡¡be



desired¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡desired£»¡¡as¡¡being¡¡not¡¡in¡¡themselves



good£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡sometimes¡¡and¡¡in¡¡some¡¡instances¡¡admitting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nature



of¡¡good¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡You¡¡say¡¡most¡¡truly¡¡that¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡track¡¡which¡¡the



investigation¡¡should¡¡pursue¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Well£»¡¡then£»¡¡assuming¡¡that¡¡pain¡¡ensues¡¡on¡¡the¡¡dissolution£»¡¡and



pleasure¡¡on¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡harmony£»¡¡let¡¡us¡¡now¡¡ask¡¡what¡¡will



be¡¡the¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡animated¡¡beings¡¡who¡¡are¡¡neither¡¡in¡¡process¡¡of



restoration¡¡nor¡¡of¡¡dissolution¡£¡¡And¡¡mind¡¡what¡¡you¡¡say£º¡¡I¡¡ask¡¡whether



any¡¡animal¡¡who¡¡is¡¡in¡¡that¡¡condition¡¡can¡¡possibly¡¡have¡¡any¡¡feeling¡¡of



pleasure¡¡or¡¡pain£»¡¡great¡¡or¡¡small£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Certainly¡¡not¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Then¡¡here¡¡we¡¡have¡¡a¡¡third¡¡state£»¡¡over¡¡and¡¡above¡¡that¡¡of



pleasure¡¡and¡¡of¡¡pain£¿



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡And¡¡do¡¡not¡¡forget¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡such¡¡a¡¡state£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡make¡¡a



great¡¡difference¡¡in¡¡our¡¡judgment¡¡of¡¡pleasure£»¡¡whether¡¡we¡¡remember¡¡this



or¡¡not¡£¡¡And¡¡I¡¡should¡¡like¡¡to¡¡say¡¡a¡¡few¡¡words¡¡about¡¡it¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡What¡¡have¡¡you¡¡to¡¡say£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Why£»¡¡you¡¡know¡¡that¡¡if¡¡a¡¡man¡¡chooses¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡wisdom£»¡¡there



is¡¡no¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡he¡¡should¡¡not¡¡live¡¡in¡¡this¡¡neutral¡¡state¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡You¡¡mean¡¡that¡¡he¡¡may¡¡live¡¡neither¡¡rejoicing¡¡nor¡¡sorrowing£¿



¡¡¡¡Soc¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡I¡¡remember¡¡rightly£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡lives¡¡were¡¡compared£»



no¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡pleasure£»¡¡whether¡¡great¡¡or¡¡small£»¡¡was¡¡thought¡¡to¡¡be



necessary¡¡to¡¡him¡¡who¡¡chose¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡thought¡¡and¡¡wisdom¡£



¡¡¡¡Pro¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡certainly£»¡¡we¡¡said¡¡so¡£



¡¡

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨1£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ