aphorisms-第2章
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appetite at the commencement； but do not improve； have a bad
appetite again toward the end； whereas； those who have a very bad
appetite at the commencement； and afterward acquire a good appetite；
get better off。
33。 In every disease it is a good sign when the patient's
intellect is sound； and he is disposed to take whatever food is
offered to him； but the contrary is bad。
34。 In diseases； there is less danger when the disease is one to
which the patient's constitution； habit； age； and the season are
allied； than when it is one to which they are not allied。
35。 In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and
hypogastric regions preserve their fullness； and it is a bad sign when
they are very slender and emaciated； in the latter case it is
dangerous to administer purgatives。
36。 Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking
purgative medicines； or using bad food。
37。 Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health。
38。 An article of food or drink which is slightly worse； but more
palatable； is to be preferred to such as are better but less
palatable。
39。 Old have fewer complaints than young； but those chronic diseases
which do befall them generally never leave them。
40。 Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted。
41。 Persons who have had frequent and severe attacks of swooning；
without any manifest cause； die suddenly。
42。 It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy； and
not easy to remove a weak attack。
43。 Of persons who have been suspended by the neck； and are in a
state of insensibility； but not quite dead； those do not recover who
have foam at the mouth。
44。 Persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than
those who are slender。
45。 Epilepsy in young persons is most frequently removed by
changes of air； of country； and of modes of life。
46。 Of two pains occurring together； not in the same part of the
body； the stronger weakens the other。
47。 Pains and fevers occur rather at the formation of pus than
when it is already formed。
48。 In every movement of the body； whenever one begins to endure
pain； it will be relieved by rest。
49。 Those who are accustomed to endure habitual labors； although
they be weak or old； bear them better than strong and young persons
who have not been so accustomed。
50。 Those things which one has been accustomed to for a long time；
although worse than things which one is not accustomed to； usually
give less disturbance； but a change must sometimes be made to things
one is not accustomed to。
51。 To evacuate； fill up； heat； cool； or otherwise； move the body in
any way much and suddenly； is dangerous； and whatever is excessive
is inimical to nature； but whatever is done by little and little is
safe； more especially when a transition is made from one thing to
another。
52。 When doing everything according to indications； although
things may not turn out agreeably to indication； we should not
change to another while the original appearances remain。
53。 Those persons who have watery discharges from the bowels when
they are young； come off better than those who have dry； but in old
age they come off worse； for the bowels in aged persons are usually
dried up。
54。 Largeness of person in youth is noble and not unbecoming； but in
old age it is inconvenient； and worse than a smaller structure。
SECTION III。
1。 The changes of the season mostly engender diseases； and in the
seasons great changes either of heat or of cold； and the rest
agreeably to the same rule。
2。 Of natures （temperaments？）； some are well… or ill…adapted for
summer； and some for winter。
3。 Of diseases and ages； certain of them are well… or ill…adapted to
different seasons； places； and kinds of diet。
4。 In the seasons； when during the same day there is at one time
heat and at another time cold； the diseases of autumn may be expected。
5。 South winds induce dullness of hearing； dimness of visions；
heaviness of the head； torpor； and languor； when these prevail； such
symptoms occur in diseases。 But if the north wind prevail； coughs；
affections of the throat； hardness of the bowels； dysuria attended
with rigors； and pains of the sides and breast occur。 When this wind
prevails； all such symptoms may be expected in diseases。
6。 When summer is like spring； much sweating may be expected in
fevers。
7。 Acute diseases occur in droughts； and if the summer be
particularly such； according to the constitution which it has given to
the year； for the most part such diseases maybe expected。
8。 In seasons which are regular； and furnish the productions of
the season at the seasonable time； the diseases are regular； and
come readily to a crisis； but in inconstant seasons； the diseases
are irregular； and come to a crisis with difficulty。
9。 In autumn； diseases are most acute； and most mortal； on the
whole。 The spring is most healthy； and least mortal。
10。 Autumn is a bad season for persons in consumption。
11。 With regard to the seasons； if the winter be of a dry and
northerly character； and the spring rainy and southerly； in summer
there will necessarily be acute fevers； ophthalmies； and
dysenteries； especially in women； and in men of a humid temperament。
12。 If the but the spring dry and northerly； women whose term of
delivery should be in spring； have abortions from any slight cause；
and those who reach their full time； bring forth children who are
feeble； and diseased； so that they either die presently； or； if they
live； are puny and unhealthy。 Other people are subject to
dysenteries and ophthalmies； and old men to catarrhs； which quickly
cut them off。
13。 If the summer be dry and northerly and the autumn rainy and
southerly； headaches occur in winter； with coughs； hoarsenesses；
coryzae； and in some cases consumptions。
14。 But if the autumn be northerly and dry； it agrees well with
persons of a humid temperament； and with women； but others will be
subject to dry ophthalmies； acute fevers； coryzae； and in some cases
melancholy。
15。 Of the constitutions of the year； the dry； upon the whole； are
more healthy than the rainy； and attended with less mortality。
16。 The diseases which occur most frequently in rainy seasons are；
protracted fevers； fluxes of the bowels； mortifications； epilepsies；
apoplexies； and quinsies； and in dry； consumptive diseases；
ophthalmies； arthritic diseases； stranguries； and dysenteries。
17。 With regard to the states of the weather which continue but
for a day； that which is northerly； braces the body； giving it tone；
agility； and color； improves the sense of hearing； dries up the
bowels； pinches the eyes； and aggravates any previous pain which may
have been seated in the chest。 But the southerly relaxes the body； and
renders it humid； brings on dullness of hearing； heaviness of the
head； and vertigo； impairs the movements of the eyes and the whole
body； and renders the alvine discharges watery。
18。 With regard to the seasons； in spring and in the commencement of
summer； children and those next to them in age are most comfortable；
and enjoy best health； in summer and during a certain portion of
autumn； old people； during the remainder of the autumn and in
winter； those of the intermediate ages。
19。 All diseases occur at all seasons of the year； but certain of
them are more apt to occur and be exacerbated at certain seasons。
20。 The diseases of spring are； maniacal； melancholic； and epileptic
disorders； bloody flux； quinsy； coryza； hoarseness； cough； leprosy；
lichen alphos； exanthemata mostly ending in ulcerations； tubercles；
and arthritic diseases。
21。 Of summer； certain of these； and continued； ardent； and
tertian fevers； most especially vomiting； diarrhoea； ophthalmy；
pains of the ears； ulcerations of the mouth； mortifications of the
privy parts； and the sudamina。
22。 Of autumn； most of the summer； quartan； and irregular fevers；
enlarged spleen； dropsy； phthisis； strangury； lientery； dysentery；
sciatica； quinsy； asthma； ileus； epilepsy； maniacal and melancholic
disorders。
23。 Of winter； pleurisy； pneumonia； coryza； hoarseness； cough； pains
of the chest； pains of the ribs and loins； headache； vertigo； and
apoplexy。
24。 In the different ages the following complaints occur： to
little and new…born children； aphthae； vomiting； coughs；
sleeplessness； frights inflammation of the navel； watery discharges
from the ears。
25。 At the approach of dentition； pruritus of the gums； fevers；
convulsions； diarrhoea； especially when cutting the canine teeth；
and in those who are particularly fat； and have constipated bowels。
26。 To persons somewhat older； affections of the tonsils；
incurvation of the spine at the vertebra next the occiput； asthma；
calculus； round worms； ascarides； acrochordon； satyriasmus； struma；
and other tubercles （phymata）； but especially the aforesaid。
27。 To persons of a more advanced age； and now on the verge of
manhood； the most of these diseases； and； moreover； more chronic
fevers； and epistaxis。
28。 Young people for the most part have a crisis in their
complaints； some in forty days； some in seven months； some in seven
years； some at the approach to puberty； and such complaints of
children as remain； and do not pass away about puberty； or in
females about the commencement of menstruation； usually become
chronic。
29。 To persons past boyhood； haemoptysis； phthisis； acute fevers；
epilepsy； and other diseases； but especially the aforementioned。
30。 To persons beyond that age； asthma； pleurisy； pneumonia；
lethargy； phrenitis； ardent fevers； chronic diarrhoea； cholera；
dysentery； lientery； hemorrhoids。
31。 To old people dyspnoea； catarrhs accompanied with coughs；
dysuria； pains of the joints； nephritis； vertigo； apoplexy；
cachexia； pruritus of the whole body； insomnolency； defluxions of
the bowels； of the eyes； and of the nose； dimness of sight； cataract
（glaucoma）； and dullness of hearing。
SECTION IV。
1。 We must purge pregnant women； if matters be turgid （in a state of
orgasm？）； from the fourth to the seventh month； but less freely in the
latter； in the first and last stages of pregnancy it should be
avoided。
2。 In purging we should bring away such matters from the body as
it would be advantageous had they come away spontaneously； but those
of an opposite character should be stopped。
3。 If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged； it
is beneficial and well borne； but if the contrary； with difficulty。
4。 We should rather purge upward in summer； and downward in winter。
5。 About the time of the dog…days； and before it； the administration
of purgatives is unsuitable。
6。 Lean persons who are easily made to vomit should be purged
upward； avoiding the winter season。
7。 Persons who are difficult to vomit； and are m
