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С˵£º the unseen world and other essays ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

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But¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡we¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡reason¡¡a¡¡priori£»¡¡this¡¡is¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡after¡¡all£»¡¡a¡¡lame¡¡hypothesis¡£¡¡No¡¡one¡¡can¡¡read¡¡the¡¡trial¡¡of¡¡Jeanne¡¡at¡¡Rouen£»¡¡the¡¡questions¡¡that¡¡were¡¡put¡¡to¡¡her¡¡and¡¡the¡¡answers¡¡which¡¡she¡¡made£»¡¡without¡¡being¡¡convinced¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡here¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡the¡¡genuine¡¡Maid¡¡and¡¡not¡¡with¡¡a¡¡substitute¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡step¡¡of¡¡a¡¡counterfeit¡¡Jeanne¡¡would¡¡have¡¡naturally¡¡been¡¡to¡¡save¡¡herself¡¡from¡¡the¡¡flames¡¡by¡¡revealing¡¡her¡¡true¡¡character¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡among¡¡the¡¡multitudes¡¡who¡¡saw¡¡her¡¡during¡¡her¡¡cruel¡¡trial£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡likely¡¡that¡¡none¡¡were¡¡acquainted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡true¡¡Jeanne's¡¡voice¡¡and¡¡features¡£¡¡We¡¡must¡¡therefore¡¡conclude¡¡that¡¡Jeanne¡¡d'Arc¡¡was¡¡really¡¡consigned¡¡to¡¡the¡¡tender¡¡mercies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡£¡¡About¡¡the¡¡21st¡¡of¡¡November¡¡she¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡on¡¡horseback£»¡¡strongly¡¡guarded£»¡¡from¡¡Cotoy¡¡to¡¡Rouen£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡trial¡¡began¡¡January¡¡9£»¡¡1431¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡21st¡¡of¡¡February¡¡she¡¡appeared¡¡before¡¡the¡¡court£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡13th¡¡of¡¡March¡¡she¡¡was¡¡examined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡prison¡¡by¡¡an¡¡inquisitor£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡May¡¡24£»¡¡the¡¡Thursday¡¡after¡¡Pentecost£»¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡scaffold¡¡conspicuously¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Cemetery¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Ouen£»¡¡she¡¡publicly¡¡recanted£»¡¡abjuring¡¡her¡¡¡¨heresies¡¨¡¡and¡¡asking¡¡the¡¡Church's¡¡pardon¡¡for¡¡her¡¡¡¨witchcraft¡£¡¨¡¡We¡¡may¡¡be¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Church¡¡dignitaries¡¡would¡¡not¡¡knowingly¡¡have¡¡made¡¡such¡¡public¡¡display¡¡of¡¡a¡¡counterfeit¡¡Jeanne£»¡¡nor¡¡could¡¡they¡¡well¡¡have¡¡been¡¡deceived¡¡themselves¡¡under¡¡such¡¡circumstances¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡indeed¡¡be¡¡said£»¡¡to¡¡exhaust¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡suppositions£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡young¡¡girl¡¡wonderfully¡¡similar¡¡in¡¡feature¡¡and¡¡voice¡¡to¡¡Jeanne¡¡d'Arc¡¡was¡¡palmed¡¡off¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡English¡¡by¡¡Duke¡¡Philip£»¡¡and¡¡afterwards£»¡¡on¡¡her¡¡trial£»¡¡comported¡¡herself¡¡like¡¡the¡¡Maid£»¡¡trusting¡¡in¡¡this¡¡recantation¡¡to¡¡effect¡¡her¡¡release¡£¡¡But¡¡we¡¡consider¡¡such¡¡an¡¡hypothesis¡¡extremely¡¡far¡­fetched£»¡¡nor¡¡does¡¡it¡¡accord¡¡with¡¡the¡¡events¡¡which¡¡immediately¡¡followed¡£¡¡It¡¡seems¡¡hardly¡¡questionable¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡real¡¡Jeanne¡¡who¡¡publicly¡¡recanted¡¡on¡¡the¡¡24th¡¡of¡¡May¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡only¡¡six¡¡days¡¡before¡¡the¡¡execution¡£¡¡Four¡¡days¡¡after£»¡¡on¡¡Monday¡¡the¡¡28th£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡reported¡¡that¡¡Jeanne¡¡had¡¡relapsed£»¡¡that¡¡she¡¡had£»¡¡in¡¡defiance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Church's¡¡prohibition£»¡¡clothed¡¡herself¡¡in¡¡male¡¡attire£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡left¡¡in¡¡a¡¡convenient¡¡place¡¡by¡¡the¡¡authorities£»¡¡expressly¡¡to¡¡test¡¡her¡¡sincerity¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day¡¡but¡¡one£»¡¡the¡¡woman¡¡purporting¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡Maid¡¡of¡¡Orleans¡¡was¡¡led¡¡out£»¡¡with¡¡her¡¡face¡¡carefully¡¡covered£»¡¡and¡¡burnt¡¡at¡¡the¡¡stake¡£

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The¡¡English¡¡feared¡¡Jeanne¡¡d'Arc¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡they¡¡hated¡¡her¡£¡¡She¡¡had£»¡¡by¡¡her¡¡mere¡¡presence¡¡at¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡army£»¡¡turned¡¡their¡¡apparent¡¡triumph¡¡into¡¡ignominious¡¡defeat¡£¡¡In¡¡those¡¡days¡¡the¡¡true¡¡psychological¡¡explanation¡¡of¡¡such¡¡an¡¡event¡¡was¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡obvious¡£¡¡While¡¡the¡¡French¡¡attributed¡¡the¡¡result¡¡to¡¡celestial¡¡interposition¡¡in¡¡their¡¡behalf£»¡¡the¡¡English£»¡¡equally¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡admit¡¡its¡¡supernatural¡¡character£»¡¡considered¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡hell¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡those¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡the¡¡prime¡¡instigators¡£¡¡In¡¡their¡¡eyes¡¡Jeanne¡¡was¡¡a¡¡witch£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡at¡¡least¡¡their¡¡cue¡¡to¡¡exhibit¡¡her¡¡as¡¡such¡£¡¡They¡¡might¡¡have¡¡put¡¡her¡¡to¡¡death¡¡when¡¡she¡¡first¡¡reached¡¡Rouen¡£¡¡Some¡¡persons£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡went¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡to¡¡advise¡¡that¡¡she¡¡should¡¡be¡¡sewed¡¡up¡¡in¡¡a¡¡sack¡¡and¡¡thrown¡¡at¡¡once¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Seine£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡was¡¡not¡¡what¡¡the¡¡authorities¡¡wanted¡£¡¡The¡¡whole¡¡elaborate¡¡trial£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡extorted¡¡recantation£»¡¡were¡¡devised¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡demonstrating¡¡her¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡witch£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡destroying¡¡her¡¡credit¡¡with¡¡the¡¡common¡¡people¡£¡¡That¡¡they¡¡intended¡¡afterwards¡¡to¡¡burn¡¡her¡¡cannot¡¡for¡¡an¡¡instant¡¡be¡¡doubted£»¡¡that¡¡was¡¡the¡¡only¡¡fit¡¡consummation¡¡for¡¡their¡¡evil¡¡work¡£

Now¡¡when£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡week¡¡after¡¡Pentecost£»¡¡the¡¡bishops¡¡and¡¡inquisitors¡¡at¡¡Rouen¡¡learned£»¡¡to¡¡their¡¡dismay£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡victim¡¡had¡¡escaped£»¡¡what¡¡were¡¡they¡¡to¡¡do£¿¡¡Confess¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been¡¡foiled£»¡¡and¡¡create¡¡a¡¡panic¡¡in¡¡the¡¡army¡¡by¡¡the¡¡news¡¡that¡¡their¡¡dreaded¡¡enemy¡¡was¡¡at¡¡liberty£¿¡¡Or¡¡boldly¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡their¡¡purposes¡¡by¡¡a¡¡fictitious¡¡execution£»¡¡trusting¡¡in¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡which¡¡official¡¡statements¡¡always¡¡carry£»¡¡and¡¡shrewdly¡¡foreseeing¡¡that£»¡¡after¡¡her¡¡recantation£»¡¡the¡¡disgraced¡¡Maid¡¡would¡¡no¡¡more¡¡venture¡¡to¡¡claim¡¡for¡¡herself¡¡the¡¡leadership¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡forces£¿¡¡Clearly£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡the¡¡wiser¡¡course¡£¡¡We¡¡may¡¡assume£»¡¡then£»¡¡that£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡afternoon¡¡of¡¡the¡¡28th£»¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡relapse¡¡was¡¡promulgated£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡suitable¡¡preparation¡¡for¡¡what¡¡was¡¡to¡¡come£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡on¡¡the¡¡30th¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡creature¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡hastily¡¡chosen¡¡to¡¡figure¡¡as¡¡the¡¡condemned¡¡Maid¡¡was¡¡led¡¡out£»¡¡with¡¡face¡¡closely¡¡veiled£»¡¡to¡¡perish¡¡by¡¡a¡¡slow¡¡fire¡¡in¡¡the¡¡old¡¡market¡­place¡£¡¡Meanwhile¡¡the¡¡true¡¡Jeanne¡¡would¡¡have¡¡made¡¡her¡¡way£»¡¡doubtless£»¡¡in¡¡what¡¡to¡¡her¡¡was¡¡the¡¡effectual¡¡disguise¡¡of¡¡a¡¡woman's¡¡apparel£»¡¡to¡¡some¡¡obscure¡¡place¡¡of¡¡safety£»¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡doubtful¡¡France¡¡and¡¡treacherous¡¡Burgundy£»¡¡perhaps¡¡in¡¡Alsace¡¡or¡¡the¡¡Vosges¡£¡¡Here¡¡she¡¡would¡¡remain£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡final¡¡expulsion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡and¡¡the¡¡conclusion¡¡of¡¡a¡¡treaty¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡in¡¡1436¡¡made¡¡it¡¡safe¡¡for¡¡her¡¡to¡¡show¡¡herself£»¡¡when¡¡she¡¡would¡¡naturally¡¡return¡¡to¡¡Lorraine¡¡to¡¡seek¡¡her¡¡family¡£

The¡¡comparative¡¡obscurity¡¡in¡¡which¡¡she¡¡must¡¡have¡¡remained¡¡for¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡her¡¡life£»¡¡otherwise¡¡quite¡¡inexplicable¡¡on¡¡any¡¡hypothesis¡¡of¡¡her¡¡survival£»¡¡is¡¡in¡¡harmony¡¡with¡¡the¡¡above¡­given¡¡explanation¡£¡¡The¡¡ingratitude¡¡of¡¡King¡¡Charles¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡heroine¡¡who¡¡had¡¡won¡¡him¡¡his¡¡crown¡¡is¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡of¡¡common¡¡historical¡¡remark¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡Wallon¡¡insists¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡circumstance¡¡that£»¡¡after¡¡her¡¡capture¡¡at¡¡Compiegne£»¡¡no¡¡attempts¡¡were¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Court¡¡to¡¡ransom¡¡her¡¡or¡¡to¡¡liberate¡¡her¡¡by¡¡a¡¡bold¡¡coup¡¡de¡¡main¡£¡¡And¡¡when£»¡¡at¡¡Rouen£»¡¡she¡¡appealed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Church¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Pope¡¡to¡¡grant¡¡her¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡trial£»¡¡not¡¡a¡¡single¡¡letter¡¡was¡¡written¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Archbishop¡¡of¡¡Rheims£»¡¡High¡¡Chancellor¡¡of¡¡France£»¡¡to¡¡his¡¡suffragan£»¡¡the¡¡Bishop¡¡of¡¡Beauvais£»¡¡demanding¡¡cognizance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡proceedings¡£¡¡Nor¡¡did¡¡the¡¡King¡¡make¡¡any¡¡appeal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Pope£»¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡the¡¡consummation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡judicial¡¡murder¡£¡¡The¡¡Maid¡¡was¡¡deliberately¡¡left¡¡to¡¡her¡¡fate¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡upon¡¡her¡¡enemies¡¡at¡¡court£»¡¡La¡¡Tremouille¡¡and¡¡Regnault¡¡de¡¡Chartres£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡must¡¡lay¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blame¡¡for¡¡this¡¡wicked¡¡negligence¡£¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡also¡¡probable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡King£»¡¡and¡¡especially¡¡his¡¡clerical¡¡advisers£»¡¡were¡¡at¡¡times¡¡almost¡¡disposed¡¡to¡¡acquiesce¡¡in¡¡the¡¡theory¡¡of¡¡Jeanne's¡¡witchcraft¡£¡¡Admire¡¡her¡¡as¡¡they¡¡might£»¡¡they¡¡could¡¡not¡¡help¡¡feeling¡¡that¡¡in¡¡her¡¡whole¡¡behaviour¡¡there¡¡was¡¡something¡¡uncanny£»¡¡and£»¡¡after¡¡having¡¡reaped¡¡the¡¡benefits¡¡of¡¡her¡¡assistance£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡content¡¡to¡¡let¡¡her¡¡shift¡¡for¡¡herself¡£¡¡This¡¡affords¡¡the¡¡clew¡¡to¡¡the¡¡King's¡¡inconsistencies¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡thought¡¡sufficient¡¡to¡¡explain¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡Jeanne¡¡is¡¡said¡¡to¡¡have¡¡received¡¡public¡¡testimonials¡¡at¡¡Orleans£»¡¡while¡¡we¡¡have¡¡no¡¡reason¡¡to¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡she¡¡visited¡¡Paris¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡help¡¡to¡¡dispose¡¡of¡¡the¡¡objection¡¡that¡¡she¡¡virtually¡¡disappears¡¡from¡¡history¡¡after¡¡the¡¡date¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tragedy¡¡at¡¡Rouen¡£

Nevertheless£»¡¡this¡¡last¡¡objection¡¡is¡¡a¡¡weighty¡¡one£»¡¡and¡¡cannot¡¡easily¡¡be¡¡got¡¡rid¡¡of¡£¡¡It¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡me¡¡utterly¡¡incredible¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡Jeanne¡¡d'Arc¡¡had¡¡really¡¡survived£»¡¡we¡¡should¡¡find¡¡no¡¡further¡¡mention¡¡of¡¡her¡¡than¡¡such¡¡as¡¡haply¡¡occurs¡¡in¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡town¡­records¡¡and¡¡dilapidated¡¡account¡­books¡£¡¡If¡¡she¡¡was¡¡alive¡¡in¡¡1436£»¡¡and¡¡corresponding¡¡with¡¡the¡¡King£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡her¡¡friends¡¡at¡¡court¡¡must¡¡have¡¡got¡¡an¡¡inkling¡¡of¡¡the¡¡true¡¡state¡¡of¡¡things¡£¡¡Why¡¡did¡¡they¡¡not¡¡parade¡¡their¡¡knowledge£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡manifest¡¡discomfiture¡¡of¡¡La¡¡Tremouille¡¡and¡¡his¡¡company£¿¡¡Or¡¡why¡¡did¡¡not¡¡Pierre¡¡du¡¡Lis¡¡cause¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡proclaimed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡English¡¡were¡¡liars£»¡¡his¡¡sister¡¡being¡¡safely¡¡housed¡¡in¡¡Metz£¿

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