ÖйúÊéÆÀ Ñ¡¼¯-µÚ62ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
½â¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃDz»°ÑÕâ±¾Êé×÷Ϊһ²¿Ñϸ´×¨Öø£¬Ò²²»°ÑËü×÷Ϊһ²¿
˼ÏëʷרÖø£¬¶ø°ÑËûÊÓΪ×÷Õ߸öÈ˹ØÓÚÖÐÎ÷·½ÎÄ»¯ÒÔ¼°¹ØÓÚÖйú½üÏÖ´ú
˼ÏëתÐ͵ĺê¹Û·ÖÎö£¬Æä¼ÛÖµ¾ÍÊ®·ÖÃ÷ÏÔÁË¡£ÖÁÉÙ£¬ÎÒÃÇ´ÓÖпÉÒÔ¿ú¼û
Ò»¸öÐÅÐÄÊ®×ãµÄÎ÷·½Ñ§ÕßÔÚ·´Ë¼×ÔÉíÎÄ»¯µÄ³É¹¦ÓëÁíÒ»¸öÎÄ»¯µÄʧ°Ü
ʱ£¬ÈçºÎ´ÓÁ½ÖÖÎÄ»¯µÄ·´²îÖвìÖªÎÄ»¯¡¢¹ÛÄ˼ÏëÖÐÓ°ÏìÉç»á¡¢¾¼Ã¡¢
ÕþÖη¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒªÒòËØ¡£
×¢ÊÍ
£§1£§¡¡PaulAhen¡¡£¦¡¡Merle¡¡Goldman¡¡ed¡£¡¡£¬¡£¡£¡¡Ideas¡¡Across¡¡Cultures¡¡£º¡£¡£¡¡Essays¡¡on
ChineseThought¡¡in¡¡Honor¡¡of¡¡Benjamin¡¡I¡£Schwartz¡¡£¬¡£¡£¡¡Cambridge¡¡£¬¡£¡£¡¡Mass¡¡£º¡£¡£¡¡Harvard
UniversityPress£¬1990£¬pp¡£1¡2¡£
£§2£§¡¡Benjamin¡¡I¡£Schwartz£¬In¡¡Search¡¡of¡¡Wealth¡¡and¡¡Power£ºYen¡¡Fu¡¡and¡¡the¡¡West£¬
Cambridge£¬Mass¡££ºHarvard¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1964¡£
£§3£§ÈçÉòÎÄ¡Ò룬¡¶Ñ°Çó¸»Ç¿£ºÑϸ´ÓëÎ÷·½¡·£¬Ì¨Í壺³¤ºÓ³ö°æÉ磬1977Äê¡£
£§4£§¸ÃÊéÔÚ´ó½ÓÐÁ½¸öÒë±¾£º¢Ùëø¸´µÈÒ룬¡¶Ñϸ´ÓëÎ÷·½¡·£¬±±¾©£ºÖ°¹¤½ÌÓý³ö°æÉ磬1990£»
¢ÚÒ¶·ïÃÀÒ룬¡¶Ñ°Çó¸»Ç¿£ºÑϸ´ÓëÎ÷·½¡·£¬½ËÕÈËÃñ³ö°æÉ磬1995¡£ëø±¾´íÎó½Ï¶à£¬Ò¶±¾³ýÉÙÊý
רÃÅÊõÓïµÄÒë·¨ÖµµÃÉÌȶÍ⣬ÒëÎĽÏ׼ȷÁ÷³©¡£±¾ÎÄÔÚÒýÊöÊ·»ª×ȵÄÎÄ×Öʱ£¬½«ÒÀ¾ÝÒ¶±¾¡£
£§5£§¸ù¾Ý¿â¶÷µÄÀíÂÛ£¬¿Æѧ̽Ë÷µÄ½ø³Ì²¢²»ÊÇËæ»úµÄ×ÊÁÏÀÛ»ý¡£Ïà·´£¬×ÊÁÏÀÛ»ýÊǸù¾Ý¿Æѧ
½çËù¹«ÈϵÄijÖÖ·¶Ê½ÀíÂÛ½øÐеġ£¿Æѧ½ç¸ù¾ÝÕâЩ·¶Ê½ÀíÂÛÀ´Ìá³öÎÊÌⲢѰÕÒ½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨¡£
µ±ÕâÖÖ·¶Ê½ÀíÂÛÊܵ½·´¸´ÌôÕ½ºó£¬±ã»á³öÏÖеķ¶Ê½¡£Ðµķ¶Ê½³öÏÖ²¢±»¹ã·º½ÓÊܵĹý³Ì£¬±ãÊÇ
¡°¿Æѧ¸ïÃü¡±¡£²Î¼û£¬ThomasS¡£Kuhn£¬The¡¡Structure¡¡of¡¡Scientific¡¡Revolution£¬second¡¡edition£¬¡£¡£¡¡
Chicago£ºUniver¡sity¡¡of¡¡Chicago¡¡Press£¬1970£¬Chpater¡¡vii¡¡£¦¡¡vii¡£¡¡
£§6£§¡¡Benjamin¡¡Schwartz¡¡ed¡££¬Reflections¡¡on¡¡the¡¡May¡¡Fourth¡¡Movement£ºASymposium£¬
Cambridge£¬¡¡Mass¡££ºEast¡¡Asian¡¡Research¡¡Center£¬¡¡Harvard¡¡University£¬1972¡£pp¡£2£¬4¡£
£§7£§Thomas¡¡Metzger¡¡ÈÏΪ£¬Î¤²®¹ØÓÚÖйúÎÄ»¯µÄÏû¼«ÆÀ¼Û¹¹³ÉÊ·»ª×È·ÖÎöÑϸ´ÄËÖÁÖйú½ü
´ú˼ÏëµÄ»ù´¡¡£²Î¼û¡¡Thomas¡¡Metzger£¬¡±Max¡¡Weber¡¯s¡¡Analysis¡¡of¡¡theConfucian¡¡Tradition£º
a¡¡Critique£¬¡±in¡¡The¡¡American¡¡Asian¡¡Review£¬vol¡£2£¬No¡£1¡¡£¨Spring£¬1984£©£¬p¡£45¡£¡¡
£§8£§¹ØÓÚÊ·»ª×ȹ۵ãµÄ¸ÅÀ¨£¬¿ÉÖصã²ÎÔÄÆäÊéµÚÈýÕ¡°ÔÔòÐûÑÔ¡±ÒÔ¼°µÚÊ®¶þÕ¡°½áÓ¡£
£§9£§ÀýÈ磬ŷÑôÕÜÉúµÄÐÂÖø¡¶Ñϸ´ÆÀ´«¡·ÖÐÓйØÑϸ´¡°Þ–ÒëÊÅÊÀÎ÷ѧ¡±µÄÌÖÂÛ£¬´óÖÂÖ»ÊǸ´
ÊöÊ·»ª×ÈÊéÖеĹ۵㡣²Î¼û£¬Å·ÑôÕÜÉú£¬¡¶Ñϸ´ÆÀ´«¡·£¬Äϲý£º°Ù»¨ÖÞÎÄÒÕ³ö°æÉ磬1994¡£
£§10£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬Íõ–ò±à£¬ÖлªÊé¾Ö£¬1986£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³86£87¡£
£§11£§ÍõÖн£¬¡¶Ñϸ´Ó븣ÔóÚͼª¡·£¬ºÓÄÏ´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬1991¡¡Ä꣬ҳ84¡ª85¡£
£§12£§¹ØÓÚÖйú¡°ÖáÐÄʱ´úµÄÍ»ÆÆ¡±£¬²Î¼û¡¡S¡£N¡£Eisenstadted¡££¬The¡¡Origins¡¡andDiversityof¡¡Axial¡¡Age¡¡Civilization£¬The¡¡State¡¡of¡¡New¡¡York¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1988£¬esp¡£Eisenstadt£¬¡±¡£¡£¡¡
The¡¡Axial¡¡Age¡¡in¡¡China¡¡and¡¡India¡±£»¹ØÓÚÈÕ±¾£¬²Î¼ûS¡£N¡£Eisenstadt£¦¡¡Ben¡¡Aried¡££¬JapaneseModel¡¡of¡¡Conflict¡¡Resolution£¬Kegan¡¡PaulRoutledge£¬1989£¬esp¡£Eisenstadt£¬¡±Patterns¡¡of¡¡
Conflict¡¡and¡¡Conflict¡¡Resolution£ºSome¡¡parative¡¡Indications¡£¡±¡£¡£¡¡
£§13£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³43¡ª45£»Ò³51¡ª52¡£
£§14£§ÕâÀïµÄ¡°ÆÕ±éÖ÷Ò塱ÓëÎ÷·½Ñ§Õ߸ü³£Óõġ°ÎÄ»¯Ö÷Ò塱´óÖÂÏàͬ£¬Ö¸¹ØעijÖÖÆÕ±é¼Û
Öµ¶ø²»ÊÇijÖÖȺÌåÀûÒæµÄ½ÌÒå¡£ÔÚ´«Í³ÖйúÎÄ»¯ÖУ¬¶ÔÆÕ±é¼ÛÖµµÄ¹Ø»³Êµ¼ÊÉϱíÏÖΪ¶ÔµÀµÂµÄ¹Ø
»³¡£¼øÓÚ´Ë£¬±ÊÕßÔÚÏàͬµÄÒâÒåÉÏʹÓá°ÆÕ±éÖ÷Ò塱Óë¡°µÀµÂÖ÷Ò塱¡£
£§15£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³16¡£
£§16£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1323¡£
£§17£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1324¡£
£§18£§Ñϸ´£¬¡¶ÈºÑ§ÒÞÑÔ¡·¡°°´Ó£¬Òý×Ô¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·µÚËIJᣬҳ921¡ª922¡£ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬
Ñϸ´ÔÚÕâÀォ˹±öÈûÔÎÄÖеġ°supernatural¡±¡£¡£¡¡£¨¼´³¬×ÔÈ»£©ÒëΪ¡°Ì족¡££¨²Î¼û£¬Herbert¡¡Spencer£¬
The¡¡Study¡¡of¡¡Sociology£¬New¡¡York£ºAppleton¡¡£¦¡¡Co¡££¬1899£¬p¡£350£©¡£¡£¡¡
£§19£§Robert¡¡EnoÔÚÆäThe¡¡Confucian¡¡Creation¡¡of¡¡Heaven£¨New¡¡York£ºState¡¡Univer¡sityof¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Press£¬1990£©ÖУ¬Ôø¶Ô´«Í³Èå¼Ò˼ÏëÖС°Ì족µÄ¸ÅÄî×÷³ö¾«Õ¿µÄ·ÖÎö¡£
£§20£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³38¡ª39¡£
£§21£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³55¡£
£§22£§¡¡James¡¡Pusey£¬China¡¡and¡¡Charles¡¡Darwin£¬Cambridge£¬Mass¡££ºHarvard¡¡Universi¡ty
Press£¬1983£¬p¡£65¡£
£§23£§¹ØÓÚÅÅÍâÖ÷Ò壬²Î¼û¡¡Liao¡¡Kuang¡sheng£¬¡¡Anti¡foreignism¡¡and¡¡ModernizationinChina£º1860¡ª1980£¬New¡¡York£ºSt¡£Martin¡¯s¡¡Press£¬1984¡£¡¡
£§24£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·µÚÈý²á£¬Ò³558¡£
£§25£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³561¡£
£§26£§Ñϸ´£¬¡°ÓÐǿȨÎÞ¹«Àí´ËÓïÐÅ죡±£¬Òý×Ô£¬¡¶µµ°¸ÓëÀúÊ·¡·£¬±±¾©£¬1990¡¡ÄêµÚÈýÆÚ£¬
Ò³6¡£
£§27£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³7¡£
£§28£§Í¬ÉÏ¡£
£§29£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³8¡£
£§30£§¡¡Hsiao¡¡Kung¡chu¡¯an£¬A¡¡Modern¡¡China¡¡and¡¡a¡¡New¡¡World£ºKang¡¡Yu¡wei£¬Reformer¡¡and
Utopian£¬1858¡ª1927£¬Seattle£ºUniversity¡¡of¡¡Washington¡¡Press£¬1975¡£
£§31£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³210¡£
£§32£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³211¡£
£§33£§Í¬ÉÏ¡££§34£§Í¬ÉÏ¡£
£§35£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³213¡£
£§36£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³216¡£
£§37£§Thomas¡¡Metzger£¬Escape¡¡from¡¡Predicament£ºNeo¡Confucianism¡¡and¡¡China¡¯¡¡sEvoving
Political¡¡Culture£¬New¡¡York£ºColumbia¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1977¡£
£§38£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÈý²á£¬Ò³690¡£
£§39£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³692¡£
£§40£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³690¡£
£§41£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³63¡¢74¡£
£§42£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬52¡¡Ò³¡£
£§43£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬72¡¡Ò³¡£
£§44£§D¡£¡¡C¡£Phillips£¬¡°Organism¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Late¡¡Nineteenth¡¡and¡¡Early¡¡Twentieth¡¡Cen
turies¡±£¬Journal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡History¡¡of¡¡Ideas£¬vol¡£xxxi£¬No¡£¡¡3£¬£¨July¡September£¬1970£©£¬
p¡£413¡£
£§45£§Herbert¡¡Spencer£¬The¡¡Principles¡¡of¡¡Sociology£¬vol¡£l£¬London£ºWilliams¡¡£¦
Nor¡gate£¬1877£¬¡¡pp¡£¡¡449¡ª450¡£
£§46£§¡¡Herbert¡¡Spencer£¬The¡¡Study¡¡of¡¡Sociology£¬p¡£44¡£
£§47£§Walter¡¡M¡£Simon£¬¡°Spencer¡¡and¡¡the¡®Social¡¡Organism¡¯¡±£¬Journal¡¡of¡¡theHistory
of¡¡Ideas£¬vol¡¡xxi£¬No¡£¡¡2£¨April¡June£¬1960£©£¬p¡£290¡£
£§48£§J¡£D¡£Y¡£¡¡Peel£¬Herbert¡¡Spener£ºthe¡¡Evolution¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Sociologist£¬London£ºHeinemann£¬
1971£¬p¡£185¡£
£§49£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³126¡£
£§50£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³¡¡6¡£
£§51£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³126¡£
£§52£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬18¡¡Ò³£¬ÓйØ˹±öÈûµÄÔÎÄ£¬²Î¼û£¬The¡¡Study¡¡of¡¡Sociology£¬p¡£43£¬Ñϸ´ÔÚ¡¶Èº
ѧÒÞÑÔ¡·ÖйØÓڴ˶εÄÒëÎÄ£¬¼û¡¶ÈºÑ§ÒÞÑÔ¡·ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1981£¬Ò³38¡£
£§53£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³¡¡54¡£
£§54£§¹ØÓÚ¡°·½·¨ÂÛÉϵĸöÈËÖ÷Ò塱£¬²Î¼û¡¡Steven¡¡Lukes£¬Individualism£¬London£ºHarper£¦¡¡Row£¬Publishers£¬1979£¬chp¡£¡¡17¡£¡¡
£§55£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³126¡£
£§56£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬µÚ¶þ²á£¬Ò³314¡£
£§57£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³314¡ª315¡£
£§58£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³95¡£
£§59£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³104¡£
£§60£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1321¡£
£§61£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³1317¡£
£§62£§T¡£H¡£Huxley£¬Evolution¡¡and¡¡Ethics£¬in¡¡his¡¡Essays£ºEthical¡¡and¡¡Political£¬London£º¡£¡£¡¡
Macmillan£¬1904£¬p¡£51£¬Ê·»ª×ÈÒýÎļûÒ¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³94¡£
£§63£§¹ØÓÚĦ¶û¶Ô×ÔÈ»Ö÷ÒåÂ×ÀíѧµÄÅúÆÀ£¬¼ûĦ¶û£¬¡¶Â×ÀíѧÔÀí¡·£¬µÚ¶þÕ£¬³¤ºÓÒ룬ÉÌ
ÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1983¡£Ä¦¶û½«Ë¹±öÈûµÄ¡°¡®½ø»¯ÂÛÕß¡¯µÄÂ×Àíѧ¡±ÊÓΪµäÐ͵Ä×ÔÈ»Ö÷ÒåÂ×Àíѧ¡£¡¶Â×
ÀíѧÔÀí¡·£¬Ò³29£31¡££©
£§64£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³1¡£
£§65£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1334¡£
£§66£§ÏÄÔøÓÓ£¬¡°¡®Ñϸ´¡¶ÀÏ×Ó¡·ÆÀµã¡¯Ðò¡±£¬¼û¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1100¡£
£§67£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1321¡£
£§68£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³1471¡ª1472¡£
£§69£§T¡£H¡£Huxley£¬Evolution¡¡and¡¡Ethics£¬p¡£51¡£
£§70£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÎå²á£¬Ò³1396¡£
£§71£§ÀîÔóºñÏÈÉúÔøÂÛ¼°ÑÏÒ롶ÌìÑÝÂÛ¡·µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÇ¿µ÷¡°×ÔÇ¿¡¢×ÔÁ¦¡¢×ÔÁ¢¡¢×ÔÖ÷¡±£¬¶ø²»
ÊÇÊ·»ª×ÈËùνµÄ¡°ÎÄ×Ö¼ò½à¡¢Ê«ÒⰻȻ¡±µÈÔÒò¡£²Î¼ûÀîÔóºñ£¬¡°ÂÛÑϸ´¡±£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý±à£¬¡¶ÂÛ
Ñϸ´ÓëÑÏÒëÃûÖø¡·£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1982¡¡Ä꣬ҳ130¡ª137¡£
£§72£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³108¡£
£§73£§¡¡Ë¹ÃܹØÓÚÖØÉÌÖ÷ÒåµÄÂÛÊö£¬¼ûAn¡¡Inquiry¡¡Into¡¡the¡¡Nature¡¡and¡¡Causes¡¡of¡¡theWealthof¡¡Nations£¬Book¡¡IV£¬Indianapolis£ºLiberty¡¡Classics£¬1981£¬pp¡£428¡ª662£»Ñϸ´µÄ·Ò룬
¼û¡¶Ô¸»¡·¡°²¿¶¡¡±£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1981¡¡Ä꣬ҳ347¡ª538¡£
£§74£§¡¶Ô¸»¡·£¬Ï²ᣬҳ436¡£
£§75£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³376£¬385£¬395¡ª396£¬436¡£
£§76£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·µÚÒ»²á£¬Ò³148¡£
£§77£§Òý×Ô£¬Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³108¡£
£§78£§¡¡Eli¡¡Heckscher£¬Mercantilism£¬London£ºAllen¡¡£¦¡¡Unwin£¬¡¡1935£¬¡¡p¡£15¡£
£§79£§Í¬ÉÏ¡£
£§80£§¡¡Eli¡¡Heckscher£¬¡°Mercantilism£¬¡±in¡¡D¡£Cleman¡¡ed¡££¬Revisions¡¡inMercantilism£¬
London£ºMethuen£¬¡¡1969£¬¡¡p¡£1¡£
£§81£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³27¡£
£§82£§J¡£A¡£Schumpter£¬History¡¡of¡¡Economic¡¡Analysis£¬Oxford¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1954£¬
pp¡£338¡362¡£
£§83£§¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·µÚËIJᣬҳ895¡£
£§84£§¡¶Ô¸»¡·£¬Ï²ᣬ395£396¡¡Ò³¡£
£§85£§Ñϸ´£¬¡°Â·¿óÒ顱£¬¡¶Ñϸ´¼¯¡·£¬µÚÒ»²á£¬104¡ª114¡¡Ò³¡£
£§86£§ºîºñ¼ª¡¢ÎâÆä¾´Ö÷±à£¬¡¶Öйú½ü´ú¾¼Ã˼ÏëÊ·¸å¡·£¬ºÚÁú½ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉ磬1983£¬µÚ¶þ
²á£¬523Ò³¡£
£§87£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬126Ò³¡£
£§88£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬133Ò³¡£
£§89£§¹ØÓÚȨÀûѧ˵Ó빦ÀûÖ÷ÒåµÄ¶ÔÁ¢£¬²Î¼ûH¡£L¡£A¡£Hart£¬¡°BetweenUtilityand¡¡Right¡±£¬
in¡¡Alan¡¡Ryan¡¡ed¡££¬¡¡The¡¡Idea¡¡of¡¡Freedom£¬Oxford¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1979¡£¡¡
£§90£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬p¡£77¡£
£§91£§Ô¼º²¡¤Ãܶû£¬¡¶ÂÛ×ÔÓÉ¡·£¬³Ì³ç»ªÒ룬±±¾©£ºÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý£¬1982¡¡Äê°æ£¬Ò³11¡£
£§92£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³137¡£
£§93£§Ò¶·ïÃÀÒë±¾£¬Ò³129¡£
£§94£§Í¬ÉÏ£¬Ò³129¡£
£§95£§Òý×Ô£¬John¡¡Robson£¬The¡¡Improvement¡¡of¡¡Mankind£¬the¡¡Social¡¡and¡¡PoliticalThoughtof¡¡John¡¡Stuart¡¡Mill£¬London£º¡¡Routledge¡¡£¦¡¡KeganPaul£¬1968£¬p¡£111¡£¡¡
£§96£§Í¬ÉÏ¡£
£§97£§J¡£S¡£Mill£¬On¡¡Liberty£¬in¡¡H¡£B¡£Actoned¡££¬J¡£S¡£Mill£ºUtilitarianism£¬onLibertyand¡¡
Considerations¡¡on¡¡Representatice¡¡Government£¬London£¬Everyman¡¯sLi¡brary£¬1984£¬p¡£139¡£¡¡
³Ì³ç»ªÒë±¾£¬Ò³76¡£ÔÚÒýÓÃʱÒëÎÄÉÔÓиĶ¯¡£
£§98£§J¡£S¡£Mill£¬Í¬ÉÏ£¬140£¬³Ì³ç»ªÒë±¾£¬Ò³77¡ª78£¬ÔÚÒýÓÃʱÒëÎÄÉÔÓиĶ¯¡£
£§99£§¡¡Frederick¡¡W¡£Mote£¬ReviewofBenjaminSchwartz¡¯sTheWorldofThoughtin¡¡Ancient
China£¬Harvard¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Pacific¡¡Studies£¬No¡£¡¡50£¨1990£©£¬pp¡£386£¬391£¬401£¬386¡£
£§100£§¡¡C¡£P¡£FitzGerald£¬Review¡¡of¡¡Schwartz¡¯s¡¡In¡¡Search¡¡of¡¡Wealth¡¡and¡¡Power£ºYen¡¡Fu
andthe¡¡West£¬Pacific¡¡Affairs£¬vol¡£39£¨1965£¬Spring£©£¬p¡£70¡£
°²¶«Äᡤ¼ªµÇ˹£º¡¶ÏÖ´úÐÔÖ®ºó¹û¡·
»Æƽ
¡¶ÏÖ´úÐÔÖ®ºó¹û¡·1990¡¡ÄêÓÉÓ¢¹úÕþÌå³ö°æÉç³ö°æ¡£¸ÃÊéÊÇ°²¶«Äᡤ¼ª
µÇ˹Ñо¿ÏÖ´úÐÔµÄϵÁÐÖø×÷Ö®Ò»£¬ÔÚ´Ë֮ǰ£¬ËûÔø¾·¢±í¹ý¡¶·¢´ïÉç»á
µÄ½×¼¶½á¹¹¡·£¨1972£©£¬¡¶È¨Á¦¡¢²Æ²úÓë¹ú¼Ò¡·£¨1981£©£¬¡¶Ãñ×塪¹ú
¼ÒÓ뱩Á¦¡·£¨1991£©£¬ÒÔºóÓÖÏà¼Ì³ö°æÁË¡¶ÏÖ´úÐÔÓë×ÔÎÒÈÏͬ¡·£¨1991£©£¬
¡¶Ç×ÃÜÐÔ֮ת±ä¡·£¨1992£©¡£ÕâһϵÁеÄÖø×÷Á¬Í¬Ëû1971¡¡ÄêÒÔÀ´µÄ½üÊ®
±¾ÀíÂÛרÖøºÍ¸÷ÖÖÂÛÎÄ£¬¶¼ÊÇΧÈÆ×ÅÒ»¸öÖ÷ÌâÕ¹¿ªµÄ£»ÈçºÎ¸üºÃµØÈÏʶ
ÏÖ´úÉç»áµÄ±äǨ¡£
¼ªµÇ˹¼¸ºõ´ÓÒ»¿ªÊ¼×Ô¼ºµÄѧÊõÉúÑıã¸Ðµ½£¬ÔÓеÄÖÖÖÖÉç»áÀíÂÛ
ÔÚÊÔͼÊͺÍÀí½âÏÖ´úÉç»áµÄʱºò£¬¶¼ÓÐÕâÑùÄÇÑùµÄ²»¾¡ÈËÒâÖ®´¦¡£´Ó1976
ÄêËû·¢±í¡¶Éç»áѧ·½·¨Ð¹桷µ½1984¡¡Ä꡶Éç»á½¨¹¹¡·ÎÊÊÀ£¬¼ªµÇ˹»¨ÁË
´óÁ¿µÄ±ÊÄ«¶Ô×ÔÂí¿Ë˼¡¢µÏ¶û¿Ä·ºÍΤ²®ÒÔÀ´µÄ¸÷¼Ò¸÷ÅɵÄÉç»áÀíÂÛ½ø
ÐÐÊáÀíÓëÅúÅУ¬²¢½ø¶øÐγÉÁ˶À¾ßÌØÉ«µÄ½á¹¹»¯ÀíÂÛ¡£
½á¹¹»¯ÀíÂÛÊǼªµÇ˹ÊÔͼ¿Ë·þ¿Í¹ÛÖ÷ÒåÓëÖ÷¹ÛÖ÷Ò壬ÕûÌåÂÛÓë¸öÌå
ÂÛ£¬¾ö¶¨ÂÛÓëΨÒâÖ¾Â۵ĶþÔª¶ÔÁ¢¶øÌá³öÀ´µÄ£¬ËüÓýṹµÄ¶þÖØÐÔȥ˵
Ã÷¸öÈËÓëÉç»áÖ®¼äµÄ»¥¶¯¹Øϵ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÏñ´«Í³ÀíÂÛÄÇÑù£¬×ÜÊÇÊÔͼÓÃij
ÖÖÒ»ÔªµÄÒò×Ó»òһάµÄ½Ç¶ÈÈ¥¶Ô°üº¬×ŽṹºÍÖ÷ÌåµÄÉç»áÏÖÏó½øÐÐÀíÂÛ
ÉϵĻ¹Ô¡£½á¹¹µÄ¶þÖØÐÔµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ£¬Éç»á½á¹¹¼ÈÊÇÓÉÈËÀàµÄÐж¯½¨¹¹Æð
À´µÄ£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÖÕýÊÇÐж¯µÃÒÔ½¨¹¹ÆðÀ´µÄÌõ¼þºÍÖн顣¼ªµÇ˹ÈÏΪ£¬Éç»á
ÀíÂÛËùÒª½â¾öµÄ£¬²»ÊÇÏó¾ö¶¨ÂÛ£¨ÀýÈç½á¹¹Ö÷ÒåºÍ¹¦ÄÜÖ÷Ò壩ËùÒÔΪµÄ
ÄÇÑù£¬Éç»á½á¹¹ÈçºÎ¾ö¶¨ÈËÃǵÄÐж¯£»Ò²²»ÊÇÏó²ûÊÍÉç»áѧ»òÏÖÏóѧËù
Ðû³ÆµÄÄÇÑù£¬Ö÷ÌåµÄ¸÷ÖÖÓÐÄ¿µÄµÄÐж¯±¾ÉíÈçºÎ¹¹³ÉÁËÉç»á£¬¶øÊÇÐж¯
ÊÇÔõÑùµÄÈÕ³£µÄ»·¾³Ìõ¼þϱ»½á¹¹»¯µÄ£¬Óë´ËͬʱÐж¯µÄÕâÖֽṹ»¯ÌØ
Õ÷ÓÖÊÇÔõÑùÓÉÓÚÐж¯±¾ÉíµÄ×÷Óöø±»ÔÙÉú²ú³öÀ´¡£¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹¶þÖØÐÔµÄÔ
Àí£¬Éç»áϵͳµÄ½á¹¹ÐÔÌØÕ÷£¬¼ÈÊÇÆä²»¶Ï×éÖ¯µÄʵ¼ùµÄÌõ¼þ£¬ÓÖÊÇÕâЩ
ʵ¼ùµÄ½á¹û¡£½á¹¹²¢²»ÊÇÍâÔÚÓÚ¸öÈ˵ģ¬Ëü²»Ó¦±»¼òµ¥µÈͬÓÚÉç»áÕûÌå
¶ÔÐж¯Ö÷ÌåµÄÍâÔÚÖÆÔ¼£¬Ç¡Ç¡Ïà·´£¬Ëü¼ÈÊÇÖÆÔ¼ÐÔµÄÓÖͬʱ¸³ÓèÐж¯Õß
ÒÔÖ÷¶¯ÐÔ¡£
Óýṹ»¯ÀíÂÛ¶ÔÏÖ´úÐÔ¼°ÆäÖîÖÖºó¹û½øÐÐÖƶÈÐÔ·ÖÎö£¬ÊǼªµÇ˹ÔÚ
¡¶ÏÖ´úÐÔÖ®ºó¹û¡·ÖÐÊÔͼÆô¼°µÄÄ¿±ê¡£ÔÚ¼ªµÇ˹֮ǰ£¬µ±´úµÄÐí¶à¹ØÓÚ
ÏÖ´úÐÔµÄÌÖÂÛ´ó¶¼ÊÇ´ÓÎÄ»¯Ñ§ÓëÈÏʶÂ۵ĽǶÈÈëÊֵġ£¼ªµÇ˹µÄ·¾¶Õý
ºÃÏà·´£¬ÒÔÖƶÈÐÔ·ÖÎöΪÖ÷£¬¸¨ÒÔÎÄ»¯ÓëÈÏʶÉϵÄÂÛÊö¡£ËùνÏÖ´úÐÔ£¬¡£¡£¡¡
¼ªµÇ˹ָµÄÊÇÊ®ÆßÊÀ¼ÍÒÔÀ´³öÏÖÓÚÅ·ÖÞ²¢ÇÒÆäÓ°ÏìËæÖ®ÏòÊÀ½ç¸÷µØÂþÑÓ
µÄÉç»áÉú»î·½Ê½Óë×éÖ¯·½Ê½¡£¼ªµÇ˹·ÖÎöÏÖ´úÐÔµÄÒ»¸ö¹Ø¼üÖ®µãÔÚÓÚ£¬
ËûÈÏΪÏÖ´úÐԵijöÏÖ²¢·ÇÏñ³¤ÆÚÒÔÀ´ÉîÊܽø»¯ÂÛÓ°ÏìµÄÖÖÖÖÉç»áÀíÂÛËù
½âÊ͵ÄÄÇÑù£¬ÊÇÀúÊ·Ëæ×Åijһ¼È¶¨µÄ·¢Õ¹ÏßË÷ÄÚ²¿×ÔÉíÑݽøµÄ½á¹û£¬Ïà
·´£¬·ÇÑÓÐøÐÔ»òÕß˵¶ÏÁÑÊÇÏÖ´úÐԵĻù±¾ÌØÕ÷¡£¸üÃ÷°×µØ˵£¬ÓÉÏÖ´úÐÔ
Ëù²úÉúµÄÉú»î·½Ê½Ê¹ÈËÃÇÍÑÀ뿪¸÷ÀàÐÎʽµÄ´«Í³Éç»áÖÈÐò£¬ÕâÊÇûÓÐÏÈ
ÀýµÄ£»ÏÖ´úÐÔËù°üº¬µÄÉç»áת±äÔÚÆäÉî¿ÌÐÔÉÏ£¬ÎÞÂÛ¾ÍÆäÍâÔÚµÄÀ©Õ¹»¹
ÊǾÍÆäÄÚÔÚµÄÇ¿¶È¶øÑÔ£¬Ò²ÊÇÀúÊ·ÉÏûÓйýµÄ£º¾ÍÍâÔÚÀ©Õ¹¶øÂÛ£¬ÉÏÊö
Éç»áת±äËù²úÉúµÄÉç»áÐÎʽÂþÑÓµ½ÁËÈ«Çò£»Óë´ËͬʱÔÚÄÚÔڵķ½Ã棬Õâ
ЩÉç»áת±äʹÈËÃÇÈÕ³£Éú»îÓë´æÔÚ»ù±¾¸öÈËÌØÕ÷ºÍ˽ÈËÌØÕ÷·¢ÉúÁ˾޴ó
±ä»¯¡£¼òÑÔÖ®£¬ÏÖ´úÉç»á±äǨÔÚËٶȺ͹æÄ£É϶¼ÊÇËùÓеĴ«Í³Éç»áËù²»
¿É±ÈÄâµÄ£¬¶øÏÖ´úÉç»áµÄÖÖÖÖÖƶÈÔò¸üÊÇ´«Í³Éç»áËùûÓлò¸ù±¾²»Í¬
µÄ¡£
ÔÚ¼ªµÇ˹¿´À´£¬¾µäµÄÉç»áѧÀíÂÛ¶ÔÏÖ´úÉç»áËù×÷µÄÖƶÈÐÔ½âÊÍ´ó
¶àÊDz»ÁîÈËÂúÒâµÄ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬ËüÃǼ¸ºõ¶¼ÊÇÓÃijÖÖµ¥Ò»×ª±ä»úÖÆ£¨ÀýÈ磬
¶ÔµÏ¶û¿Ä·¼°ÆäѧÅÉÀ´Ëµ£¬Óù¤Òµ»¯£©È¥ËµÃ÷ÏÖ´úÐԵı¾ÖÊ£¬¶øûÄܽÒ
ʾÏÖ´úÐԵĶàάÖƶÈÌØÕ÷£»Æä´Î£¬ËüÃÇÔÚÊÔͼ˵Ã÷ÏÖ´úÉç»á£¨Ê