the writings-2-第4章

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if　there　was　a　proper　way　of　doing　it；　no　man　was　more　anxious

than　he　that　it　should　be　done。　　The　report　made　by　the　committee

had　been　intended　to　yield　much　for　the　sake　of　removing　that

grievance。　　That　the　grievance　was　very　great　there　was　no

dispute　in　any　quarter。　　He　supposed　that　the　statements　made　by

the　gentleman　from　Virginia　to　show　this　were　all　entirely

correct　in　point　of　fact。　　He　did　suppose　that　the　interruptions

of　regular　intercourse；　and　all　the　other　inconveniences　growing

out　of　it；　were　all　as　that　gentleman　had　stated　them　to　be；　and

certainly；　if　redress　could　be　rendered；　it　was　proper　it　should

be　rendered　as　soon　as　possible。　　The　gentleman　said　that　in

order　to　effect　this　no　new　legislative　action　was　needed；　all

that　was　necessary　was　that　the　Postmaster…General　should　be

required　to　do　what　the　law；　as　it　stood；　authorized　and　required

him　to　do。



We　come　then；　said　Mr。　Lincoln；　to　the　law。　　Now　the　Postmaster…

General　says　he　cannot　give　to　this　company　more　than　two　hundred

and　thirty…seven　dollars　and　fifty　cents　per　railroad　mile　of

transportation；　and　twelve　and　a　half　per　cent。　less　for

transportation　by　steamboats。　　He　considers　himself　as　restricted

by　law　to　this　amount；　and　he　says；　further；　that　he　would　not

give　more　if　he　could；　because　in　his　apprehension　it　would　not

be　fair　and　just。









1848





DESIRE　FOR　SECOND　TERM　IN　CONGRESS



TO　WILLIAM　H。　HERNDON。



WASHINGTON；　January　8；　1848。



DEAR　WILLIAM：Your　letter　of　December　27　was　received　a　day　or

two　ago。　　I　am　much　obliged　to　you　for　the　trouble　you　have

taken；　and　promise　to　take　in　my　little　business　there。　　As　to

speech　making；　by　way　of　getting　the　hang　of　the　House　I　made　a

little　speech　two　or　three　days　ago　on　a　post…office　question　of

no　general　interest。　　I　find　speaking　here　and　elsewhere　about

the　same　thing。　　I　was　about　as　badly　scared；　and　no　worse　as　I

am　when　I　speak　in　court。　　I　expect　to　make　one　within　a　week　or

two；　in　which　I　hope　to　succeed　well　enough　to　wish　you　to　see

it。



It　is　very　pleasant　to　learn　from　you　that　there　are　some　who

desire　that　I　should　be　reelected。　　I　most　heartily　thank　them

for　their　kind　partiality；　and　I　can　say；　as　Mr。　Clay　said　of　the

annexation　of　Texas；　that　〃personally　I　would　not　object〃　to　a

reelection；　although　I　thought　at　the　time；　and　still　think；　it

would　be　quite　as　well　for　me　to　return　to　the　law　at　the　end　of

a　single　term。　　I　made　the　declaration　that　I　would　not　be　a

candidate　again；　more　from　a　wish　to　deal　fairly　with　others；　to

keep　peace　among　our　friends；　and　to　keep　the　district　from　going

to　the　enemy；　than　for　any　cause　personal　to　myself；　so　that　if

it　should　so　happen　that　nobody　else　wishes　to　be　elected；　I

could　not　refuse　the　people　the　right　of　sending　me　again。　　But

to　enter　myself　as　a　competitor　of　others；　or　to　authorize　any

one　so　to　enter　me　is　what　my　word　and　honor　forbid。





I　got　some　letters　intimating　a　probability　of　so　much　difficulty

amongst　our　friends　as　to　lose　us　the　district；　but　I　remember

such　letters　were　written　to　Baker　when　my　own　case　was　under

consideration；　and　I　trust　there　is　no　more　ground　for　such

apprehension　now　than　there　was　then。　　Remember　I　am　always　glad

to　receive　a　letter　from　you。



Most　truly　your　friend；



A。　LINCOLN。









SPEECH　ON　DECLARATION　OF　WAR　ON　MEXICO

SPEECH　IN　THE　UNITED　STATES　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES；



JANUARY　12；　1848。



MR　CHAIRMAN：Some　if　not　all　the　gentlemen　on　the　other　side　of

the　House　who　have　addressed　the　committee　within　the　last　two

days　have　spoken　rather　complainingly；　if　I　have　rightly

understood　them；　of　the　vote　given　a　week　or　ten　days　ago

declaring　that　the　war　with　Mexico　was　unnecessarily　and

unconstitutionally　commenced　by　the　President。　　I　admit　that　such

a　vote　should　not　be　given　in　mere　party　wantonness；　and　that　the

one　given　is　justly　censurable　if　it　have　no　other　or　better

foundation。　　I　am　one　of　those　who　joined　in　that　vote；　and　I　did

so　under　my　best　impression　of　the　truth　of　the　case。　　How　I　got

this　impression；　and　how　it　may　possibly　be　remedied；　I　will　now

try　to　show。　　When　the　war　began；　it　was　my　opinion　that　all

those　who　because　of　knowing　too　little；　or　because　of　knowing

too　much；　could　not　conscientiously　approve　the　conduct　of　the

President　in　the　beginning　of　it　should　nevertheless；　as　good

citizens　and　patriots；　remain　silent　on　that　point；　at　least　till

the　war　should　be　ended。　　Some　leading　Democrats；　including　ex…

President　Van　Buren；　have　taken　this　same　view；　as　I　understand

them；　and　I　adhered　to　it　and　acted　upon　it；　until　since　I　took

my　seat　here；　and　I　think　I　should　still　adhere　to　it　were　it　not

that　the　President　and　his　friends　will　not　allow　it　to　be　so。

Besides　the　continual　effort　of　the　President　to　argue　every

silent　vote　given　for　supplies　into　an　indorsement　of　the　justice

and　wisdom　of　his　conduct；　besides　that　singularly　candid

paragraph　in　his　late　message　in　which　he　tells　us　that　Congress

with　great　unanimity　had　declared　that　〃by　the　act　of　the

Republic　of　Mexico；　a　state　of　war　exists　between　that　government

and　the　United　States；〃　when　the　same　journals　that　informed　him

of　this　also　informed　him　that　when　that　declaration　stood

disconnected　from　the　question　of　supplies　sixty…seven　in　the

House；　and　not　fourteen　merely；　voted　against　it；　besides　this

open　attempt　to　prove　by　telling　the　truth　what　he　could　not

prove　by　telling　the　whole　truth…demanding　of　all　who　will　not

submit　to　be　misrepresented；　in　justice　to　themselves；　to　speak

out；　besides　all　this；　one　of　my　colleagues　＇Mr。　Richardson＇　at　a

very　early　day　in　the　session　brought　in　a　set　of　resolutions

expressly　indorsing　the　original　justice　of　the　war　on　the　part

of　the　President。　　Upon　these　resolutions　when　they　shall　be　put

on　their　passage　I　shall　be　compelled　to　vote；　so　that　I　cannot

be　silent　if　I　would。　　Seeing　this；　I　went　about　preparing　myself

to　give　the　vote　understandingly　when　it　should　come。　　I

carefully　examined　the　President's　message；　to　ascertain　what　he

himself　had　said　and　proved　upon　the　point。　　The　result　of　this

examination　was　to　make　the　impression　that；　taking　for　true　all

the　President　states　as　facts；　he　falls　far　short　of　proving　his

justification；　and　that　the　President　would　have　gone　further

with　his　proof　if　it　had　not　been　for　the　small　matter　that　the

truth　would　not　permit　him。　　Under　the　impression　thus　made　I

gave　the　vote　before　mentioned。　　I　propose　now　to　give　concisely

the　process　of　the　examination　I　made；　and　how　I　reached　the

conclusion　I　did。　　The　President；　in　his　first　war　message　of

May；　1846；　declares　that　the　soil　was　ours　on　which　hostilities

were　commenced　by　Mexico；　and　he　repeats　that　declaration　almost

in　the　same　language　in　each　successive　annual　message；　thus

showing　that　he　deems　that　point　a　highly　essential　one。　　In　the

importance　of　that　point　I　entirely　agree　with　the　President。　　To

my　judgment　it　is　the　very　point　upon　which　he　should　be

justified；　or　condemned。　　In　his　message　of　December；　1846；　it

seems　to　have　occurred　to　him；　as　is　certainly　true；　that　title…

ownership…to　soil　or　anything　else　is　not　a　simple　fact；　but　is　a

conclusion　following　on　one　or　more　simple　facts；　and　that　it　was

incumbent　upon　him　to　present　the　facts　from　which　he　concluded

the　soil　was　ours　on　which　the　first　blood　of　the　war　was　shed。



Accordingly；　a　little　below　the　middle　of　page　twelve　in　the

message　last　referred　to　he　enters　upon　that　task；　forming　an

issue　and　introducing　testimony；　extending　the　whole　to　a　little

below　the　middle　of　page　fourteen。　　Now；　I　propose　to　try　to　show

that　the　whole　of　thisissue　and　evidenceis　from　beginning　to

end　the　sheerest　deception。　　The　issue；　as　he　presents　it；　is　in

these　words：　〃But　there　are　those　who；　conceding　all　this　to　be

true；　assume　the　ground　that　the　true　western　boundary　of　Texas

is　the　Nueces；　instead　of　the　Rio　Grande；　and　that；　therefore；　in

marching　our　army　to　the　east　bank　of　the　latter　river；　we　passed

the　Texas　line　and　invaded　the　territory　of　Mexico。〃　　Now　this

issue　is　made　up　of　two　affirmatives　and　no　negative。　The　main

deception　of　it　is　that　it　assumes　as　true　that　one　river　or　the

other　is　necessarily　the　boundary；　and　cheats　the　superficial

thinker　entirely　out　of　the　idea　that　possibly　the　boundary　is

somewhere　between　the　two；　and　not　actually　at　either。　　A　further

deception　is　that　it　will　let　in　evidence　which　a　true　issue

would　exclude。　　A　true　issue　made　by　the　President　would　be　about

as　follows：　〃I　say　the　soil　was　ours；　on　which　the　first　blood

was　shed；　there　are　those　who　say　it　was　not。〃



I　now　proceed　to　examine　the　President's　evidence　as　applicable

to　such　an　issue。　　When　that　evidence　is　analyzed；　it　is　all

included　in　the　following　propositions



（1）　That　the　Rio　Grande　was　the　western　boundary　of　Louisiana　as

we　purchased　it　of　France　in　1803。



（2）　That　the　Republic　of　Texas　always　claimed　the　Rio　Grande　as

her　eastern　boundary。



（3）　That　by　various　acts　she　had　claimed　it　on　paper。



（4）　That　Santa　Anna　in　his　treaty　with　Texas　recognized　the　Rio

Grande　as　her　boundary。



（5）　That　Texas　before；　and　the　United　States　after；　annexation

had　exercised　jurisdiction　beyond　the　Nuecesbetween　the　two

rivers。



（6）　That　our　Congress　understood　the　boundary　of　Texas　to　extend

beyond　the　Nueces。



Now　for　each　of　these　in　its　turn。　　His　first　item　is　that　the

Rio　Grande　was　the　western　boundary　of　Louisiana；　as　we　purchased

it　of　France　in　1803；　and　seeming　to　expect　this　to　be　disputed；

he　argues　over　the　amount　of　nearly　a　page　to　prove　it　true；　at

the　end　of　which　he　lets　us　know　that　by　the　treaty　of　1803　we

sold　to　Spain　the　whole　country　from　the　Rio　Grande　eastward　to

the　Sabine。　　Now；　admitting　for　the　present　that　the　Rio　Grande

was　the　boundary　of　Louisiana；　what　under　heaven　had　that　to　do

with　the　present　boundary　between　us　and　Mexico？　　How；　Mr。

Chairman；　the　line　that　once　divided　your　land　from　mine　can

still　be　the　boundary　between　us　after　I　have　sold　my　land　to　you

is　to　me　beyond　all　comprehension。　　And　how　any　man；　with　an

honest　purpose　only　of　proving　the　truth；　could　ever　have　thought

of　introducing　such　a　fact　to　prove　such　an　issue　is　equally

incomprehensible。　His　next　piece　of　evidence　is　that　〃the

Republic　of　Texas　always　claimed　this　river　＇Rio　Grande＇　as　her

western　boundary。〃　　That　is　not　true；　in　fact。　　Texas　has　claimed

it；　but　she　has　not　always　claimed　it。　　There　is　at　least　one

distinguished　exception。　　Her　State　constitution　the　republic's

most　solemn　and　well…considered　act；　that　which　may；　without

impropriety；　be　called　her　last　will　and　testament；　revoking　all

others…makes　no　such　claim。　　But