the moravians in georgia-第12章

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id；　a　boy　of　ten　years。　　　George　Neisser。　　　Augustin　Neisser；　a　young　lad；　brother　of　George。　　　Henry　Roscher；　a　linen…weaver。　　　David　Jag。　　　John　Michael　Meyer；　a　tailor。　　　Jacob　Frank。　　　John　Martin　Mack。　　　Matthias　Seybold；　a　farmer。　　　Gottlieb　Demuth。　　　John　Boehner；　a　carpenter。　　　Matthias　Boehnisch。　　　Maria　Catherine　Dober；　wife　of　John　Andrew　Dober。　　　Rosina　Zeisberger；　wife　of　David　Zeisberger。　　　Judith　Toeltschig；　Catherine　Riedel；　Rosina　Haberecht；　Regina　Demuth；　　　　　going　to　join　their　husbands　already　in　Georgia。　　　Anna　Waschke；　a　widow；　to　join　her　son。　　　Juliana　Jaeschke；　a　seamstress。*

　*　Fifteen　of　these　colonists　were　originally　from　Moravia　and　Bohemia。　

During　an　enforced　stay　of　three　weeks　at　Altona；　the　Moravians　experienced　much　kindness；　especially　at　the　hands　of　Korte　and　his　family；　and　Mrs。　Weintraube；　the　daughter　of　a　Mennonite　preacher；　who　had　come　from　her　home　in　London　on　a　visit　to　her　father。　By　this　time　the　Moravian　settlement　at　Herrnhut　was　coming　to　be　well　and　favorably　known　in　Holland；　and　every　visit　won　new　friends；　many　of　whom　came　into　organic　fellowship　with　them。　　A　few　years　later；　when　the　Unitas　Fratrum　was　confronted　by　a　great　financial　crisis；　it　was　largely　the　loyalty　and　liberality　of　the　Dutch　members　that　enabled　it　to　reach　a　position　of　safety。

On　the　9th　of　September；　the　company　went　aboard　an　English　boat；　homeward　bound；　but　contrary　winds　held　them　in　port　until　the　13th；　and　it　was　not　until　Sunday；　Oct。　2nd；　that　they　reached　London；　after　a　long　and　stormy　crossing；　which　gave　many　of　them　their　first　experience　of　sea…sickness。

Nitschmann　and　Korte　at　once　went　ashore　to　report　their　arrival　to　Secretary　Verelst；　and　on　Monday　a　house　was　rented；　and　the　twenty…five　colonists　and　Jonas　Korte　moved　into　it；　to　wait　for　the　sailing　of　Gen。　Oglethorpe's　ship；　the　General　having　offered　them　berths　on　his　own　vessel。　The　General　was　out　of　town　when　they　reached　London；　but　called　on　Monday　evening；　and　showed　them　every　kindness；　　〃Oglethorpe　is　indeed　our　good　friend；　and　cares　for　us　like　a　father。〃

Nitschmann　found　a　good　deal　of　difficulty　on　account　of　the　language；　for　he　could　not　speak　Latin；　as　Spangenberg　had　done；　and　knew　no　English；　so　that　all　of　his　conversations　with　Oglethorpe　had　to　be　carried　on　through　an　interpreter；　nevertheless　a　number　of　important　points　were　fully　discussed。

On　the　question　of　military　service　he　could　reach　no　definite　and　satisfactory　conclusion；　and　thought　it　a　great　pity　that　there　had　not　been　a　perfect　mutual　understanding　between　Zinzendorf　and　the　Trustees　before　the　first　company　sailed。　That　Zinzendorf's　〃servants〃　should　be　free　from　military　service　was　admitted　by　all；　but　Oglethorpe　thought　three　men　must　be　furnished　to　represent　Zinzendorf；　Spangenberg　and　Nitschmann　（the　Hausmeister）；　the　three　free…holders；　and　suggested　that　Lieutenant　Hermsdorf　might　take　one　place。　　Nitschmann　said　that　would　not　do；　that　the　Moravians　〃could　not　and　would　not　fight；〃　and　there　the　matter　rested。　　Nitschmann　wrote　to　Zinzendorf；　begging　him　to　come　to　London；　and　interview　the　Trustees；　but　advised　that　he　wait　for　Oglethorpe's　return　from　Georgia　some　nine　months　later。

On　this　account　the　members　of　the　second　company　agreed　that　it　would　be　better　for　them　not　to　accept　land　individually；　but　to　go；　as　the　others　had　done；　as　Zinzendorf's　〃servants〃；　to　work　on　his　tract。　Oglethorpe　suggested　that　an　additional　five　hundred　acres　should　be　requested　for　Count　Zinzendorf's　son；　and　Nitschmann　referred　the　proposal　to　the　authorities　at　Herrnhut。　　In　regard　to　the　five　hundred　acre　tract　already　granted；　the　General　said　that　it　had　been　located　near　the　Indians；　at　the　Moravians'　request；　but　that　settlers　there　would　be　in　no　danger；　for　the　Indians　were　at　peace　with　the　English；　there　was　a　fort　near　by；　and　besides　he　intended　to　place　a　colony　of　Salzburgers　fifty　miles　further　south；　when　the　Moravians　would　be；　not　on　the　border　but　in　the　center　of　Georgia。

Gen。　Oglethorpe　assured　Nitschmann　that　there　would　be　no　trouble　regarding　the　transfer　of　title　to　the　Georgia　lands；　for　while；　for　weighty　reasons；　the　grants　had　been　made　in　tail　male；　there　was　no　intention；　on　the　part　of　the　Trustees；　to　use　this　as　a　pretext　for　regaining　the　land；　and　if　there　was　no　male　heir；　a　brother；　or　failing　this；　a　friend；　might　take　the　title。　（In　1739　the　law　entailing　property　in　Georgia　was　modified　to　meet　this　view；　and　after　1750；　all　grants　were　made　in　fee　simple。）　　He　also　explained　that　the　obligation　to　plant　a　certain　number　of　mulberry　trees　per　acre；　or　forfeit　the　land；　was　intended　to　spur　lazy　colonists；　and　would　not　be　enforced　in　the　case　of　the　Moravians。

Nitschmann　told　Gen。　Oglethorpe　of　the　wives　and　children　who　had　been　left　in　Herrnhut；　and　suggested　the　advisability　of　establishing　an　English　School　for　them；　that　they　might　be　better　fitted　for　life　in　Georgia。　Oglethorpe　liked　the　idea；　and；　after　due　consideration；　suggested　that　some　one　in　Herrnhut　who　spoke　French　or　Latin；　preferably　the　latter；　should　be　named　as　Count　Zinzendorf's　Agent；　to　handle　funds　for　the　English　school；　and　to　accompany　later　companies　of　Georgia　colonists　as　far　as　London；　his　expenses　to　be　paid　by　the　Trustees。　　Of　this　the　Trustees　approved；　and　donated　40　Pounds　sterling；　partly　for　Nitschmann's　use　in　London；　and　the　balance；　　about　4　Pounds　it　proved　to　be；　　for　the　Herrnhut　school。　　An　English　gentleman　also　gave　them　32　Pounds；　with　the　proviso　that　within　four　years　they　in　turn　would　give　an　equal　amount　to　the　needy；　which　Nitschmann　readily　agreed　should　be　done。

Various　other　gifts　must　have　been　received；　for　when　the　company　sailed；　Nitschmann　reported　to　Count　Zinzendorf　that；　without　counting　a　considerable　amount　which　Korte　had　generously　expended　on　their　behalf；　they　had　received　115　Pounds　in　London；　and　had　spent　113　Pounds。　〃This　will　seem　much　to　you；　but　when　you　look　over　the　accounts；　and　consider　the　number　of　people；　and　how　dear　everything　is；　you　will　understand。〃　　Unfortunately　the　colonists　had　left　Herrnhut　without　a　sufficient　quantity　of　warm　clothing；　thinking　that　it　would　not　be　needed；　but　letters　from　Georgia　gave　them　quite　new　ideas　of　the　climate　there；　and　they　were　forced　to　supply　themselves　in　London；　though　at　double　what　it　would　have　cost　in　Germany。

In　addition　to　these　expenditures；　the　second　company　borrowed　from　the　Trustees　the　funds　for　their　passage　to　Georgia；　and　a　year's　provision　there；　binding　themselves　jointly　and　severally　to　repay　the　money；　the　bond；　dated　Oct。　26th；　1735；　being　for　the　sum　of　453　Pounds　7　Shillings　6　Pence；　double　the　amount　of　the　actual　debt。　This　included　　　　Passage　for　16　men；　8　women　and　1　boy；　　25　persons；　24…1/2　〃heads〃。　　　　　　　　　　　Pounds　122：　10：　0　25　sets　of　bed…clothes。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　6：　　5：　0　1　year's　provisions　in　Georgia；　　being　12　bushels　Indian　Corn；　　100　lbs。　Meat；　30　lbs。　Butter；　　1　bushel　Salt；　27　lbs。　Cheese；　　per　head。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　64：　　6：　3　Advanced　in　London　for　necessaries。　　　　　　　　　　　　33：　12：　6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　…　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Pounds　226：　13：　9

This　was　to　be　repaid　in　five　years；　drawing　eight　per　cent。　interest　after　three　years；　further　security　to　be　given　within　twelve　months　if　requested　by　the　Trustees　or　their　Agent；　and　any　provisions　not　used　to　be　credited　on　their　account。

In　the　matter　of　forming　new　acquaintances　in　London；　the　second　company　was　far　less　active　than　the　first　had　been；　Spangenberg's　standing　and　education　having　given　him　access　to　many　people；　attracting　their　attention　to　his　companions。　　The　second　company　profited　by　the　friends　he　had　made；　Mr。　Wynantz　especially　devoting　himself　to　their　service；　and　while　Nitschmann　and　his　associates　did　not　reach　many　new　people；　they　inspired　the　respect　and　confidence　of　those　whom　Spangenberg　had　introduced　to　the　Moravian　Church；　and　so　strengthened　its　cause。　　A　carpenter　from　Wittenberg；　Vollmar　by　name；　who　was　attracted　to　them；　requested　permission　to　go　to　Georgia　with　them；　although　not　at　their　expense；　and　to　this　they　agreed。　A　number　of　Salzburgers　who　were　to　go　to　Georgia　with　General　Oglethorpe；　though　not　on　the　same　ship；　were　under　the　leadership　of　the　young　Baron　von　Reck　with　whom　Zinzendorf　had　corresponded　during　the　early　stages　of　the　Moravian　negotiations；　and　the　Baron　called　on　the　second　company　several　times；　offered　to　assist　them　in　any　way　in　his　power；　and　expressed　the　wish　that　the　Moravians　and　Salzburgers　could　live　together　in　Georgia。　Nitschmann　doubted　the　wisdom　of　the　plan；　but　courteously　agreed　to　refer　it　to　Zinzendorf；　who；　however；　refused　his　sanction。

On　the　12th　of　October；　the　Moravians　went　aboard　Gen。　Oglethorpe's　ship；　the　‘Simmonds'；　Capt。　Cornish；　where　they　were　told　to　select　the　cabins　they　preferred；　being　given　preference　over　the　English　colonists　who　were　going。　　The　cabins　contained　bare　bunks；　which　could　be　closed　when　not　in　use；　arranged　in　groups　of　five；　　three　below　and　two　above；　　the　five　persons　occupying　them　also　eating　together。　The　Moravians　chose　their　places　in　the　center　of　the　ship；　on　either　side　of　the　main　mast；　where　the　ventilation　was　best；　and　there　would　be　most　fresh　air　when　they　reached　warmer　latitudes。　〃The　number　of　people　on　the　ship　is　rather　large；　for　we　are　altogether　one　hundred　and　fifty　who　are　going　to　Georgia；　but　besides　ourselves　they　are　all　Englishmen。〃　　〃Many　of　them　are　like　wild　animals；　but　we　have　resolved　in　all　things　to　act　as　the　children　of　God；　giving　offence　to　no　one；　that　our　purpose　be　not　misconstrued。〃

After　seeing　his　companions　comfortably　settled　on　the　vessel；　Nitschmann　returned　to　his　numerous　tasks　in　London。　　On　the　24th；　he　came　back　to　the　ship；　accompanied　by　Korte；　who　bade　them　an　affectionate　farewell。　　By　the　27th　all　of　the　passengers；　including　Gen。　Oglethorpe；　were　on　board；　but　it　was　not　until　the　afternoon　of　October　31st；　that　the　‘Simmonds'　sailed　from　Gravesend。


　　Four　Journals。

On　the　‘Simmonds'；　as　she　sailed　slowly　down　the　Thames　on　her　way　to　Georgia；　there　were　four　Englishmen；　with　whom　the　Moravians　were　to　become　well　acquainted；　who　were　to　influence　and　be　influenced　by　them；　and　through　whom　a　great　change　was　to　come　into　the　religious　history　of　England。　These　were　John　and　Charles　Wesley；　Benjamin　Ingham　and　Charles　Delamotte。　The　Wesleys　were　sons　of　Samuel　Wesley；　a　clergyman　of　the　Church　of　England；　and　while　at　the　University　of　Oxford　they；　with　two　companions；　had　formed　a　little　society　for　religious　improvement；　and　by　their　strict　and　methodical　habits　gained　the　name　of　〃Methodists〃；　both　brothers　had　taken　orders　in　the　English　Church；　and　were　on　their　way　to　Georgia；　John　to　serve　as　rector　at　Savannah；　and　Charles　as　Gen。　Oglethorpe's　private　secretary。　Benjamin　Ingham　was　born　in　Yorkshire；　and　met　the　Wesleys　at　Oxford；　where　he　joined　their　Methodist　society。　　He；　too；　had　been　ordained　in　the　English　Church；　and　now；　at　the　age　of　twenty…three；　had　yielded　to　John　Wesley's　persuasions；　and　agreed　to　go　with　him　〃to　the　Ind