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The Zincali … An Account of the Gypsies of Spain
by George Borrow
PREFACE
IT is with some diffidence that the author ventures to offer the
present work to the public。
The greater part of it has been written under very peculiar
circumstances； such as are not in general deemed at all favourable
for literary composition： at considerable intervals； during a
period of nearly five years passed in Spain … in moments snatched
from more important pursuits … chiefly in ventas and posadas；
whilst wandering through the country in the arduous and unthankful
task of distributing the Gospel among its children。
Owing to the causes above stated； he is aware that his work must
not unfrequently appear somewhat disjointed and unconnected； and
the style rude and unpolished： he has； nevertheless； permitted the
tree to remain where he felled it； having； indeed； subsequently
enjoyed too little leisure to make much effectual alteration。
At the same time he flatters himself that the work is not destitute
of certain qualifications to entitle it to approbation。 The
author's acquaintance with the Gypsy race in general dates from a
very early period of his life； which considerably facilitated his
intercourse with the Peninsular portion； to the elucidation of
whose history and character the present volumes are more
particularly devoted。 Whatever he has asserted； is less the result
of reading than of close observation； he having long since come to
the conclusion that the Gypsies are not a people to be studied in
books； or at least in such books as he believes have hitherto been
written concerning them。
Throughout he has dealt more in facts than in theories； of which he
is in general no friend。 True it is； that no race in the world
affords； in many points； a more extensive field for theory and
conjecture than the Gypsies； who are certainly a very mysterious
people come from some distant land； no mortal knows why； and who
made their first appearance in Europe at a dark period； when events
were not so accurately recorded as at the present time。
But if he has avoided as much as possible touching upon subjects
which must always； to a certain extent； remain shrouded in
obscurity； for example； the； original state and condition of the
Gypsies； and the causes which first brought them into Europe； he
has stated what they are at the present day； what he knows them to
be from a close scrutiny of their ways and habits； for which；
perhaps； no one ever enjoyed better opportunities； and he has；
moreover； given … not a few words culled expressly for the purpose
of supporting a theory； but one entire dialect of their language；
collected with much trouble and difficulty； and to this he humbly
calls the attention of the learned； who； by comparing it with
certain languages； may decide as to the countries in which the
Gypsies have lived or travelled。
With respect to the Gypsy rhymes in the second volume； he wishes to
make one observation which cannot be too frequently repeated； and
which he entreats the reader to bear in mind： they are GYPSY
COMPOSITIONS； and have little merit save so far as they throw light
on the manner of thinking and speaking of the Gypsy people； or
rather a portion of them； and as to what they are capable of
effecting in the way of poetry。 It will； doubtless； be said that
the rhymes are TRASH； … even were it so； they are original； and on
that account； in a philosophic point of view； are more valuable
than the most brilliant compositions pretending to describe Gypsy
life； but written by persons who are not of the Gypsy sect。 Such
compositions； however replete with fiery sentiments； and allusions
to freedom and independence； are certain to be tainted with
affectation。 Now in the Gypsy rhymes there is no affectation； and
on that very account they are different in every respect from the
poetry of those interesting personages who figure； under the names
of Gypsies； Gitanos； Bohemians； etc。； in novels and on the boards
of the theatre。
It will； perhaps； be objected to the present work； that it contains
little that is edifying in a moral or Christian point of view： to
such an objection the author would reply； that the Gypsies are not
a Christian people； and that their morality is of a peculiar kind；
not calculated to afford much edification to what is generally
termed the respectable portion of society。 Should it be urged that
certain individuals have found them very different from what they
are represented in these volumes； he would frankly say that he
yields no credit to the presumed fact； and at the same time he
would refer to the vocabulary contained in the second volume；
whence it will appear that the words HOAX and HOCUS have been
immediately derived from the language of the Gypsies； who； there is
good reason to believe； first introduced the system into Europe； to
which those words belong。
The author entertains no ill…will towards the Gypsies； why should
he； were he a mere carnal reasoner？ He has known them for upwards
of twenty years； in various countries； and they never injured a
hair of his head； or deprived him of a shred of his raiment； but he
is not deceived as to the motive of their forbearance： they
thought him a ROM； and on this supposition they hurt him not； their
love of 'the blood' being their most distinguishing characteristic。
He derived considerable assistance from them in Spain； as in
various instances they officiated as colporteurs in the
distribution of the Gospel： but on that account he is not prepared
to say that they entertained any love for the Gospel or that they
circulated it for the honour of Tebleque the Saviour。 Whatever
they did for the Gospel in Spain； was done in the hope that he whom
they conceived to be their brother had some purpose in view which
was to contribute to the profit of the Cales； or Gypsies； and to
terminate in the confusion and plunder of the Busne； or Gentiles。
Convinced of this； he is too little of an enthusiast to rear； on
such a foundation； any fantastic edifice of hope which would soon
tumble to the ground。
The cause of truth can scarcely be forwarded by enthusiasm； which
is almost invariably the child of ignorance and error。 The author
is anxious to direct the attention of the public towards the
Gypsies； but he hopes to be able to do so without any romantic
appeals in their behalf； by concealing the truth； or by warping the
truth until it becomes falsehood。 In the following pages he has
depicted the Gypsies as he has found them； neither aggravating
their crimes nor gilding them with imaginary virtues。 He has not
expatiated on 'their gratitude towards good people； who treat them
kindly and take an interest in their welfare'； for he believes that
of all beings in the world they are the least susceptible of such a
feeling。 Nor has he ever done them injustice by attributing to
them licentious habits； from which they are； perhaps； more free
than any race in the creation。
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
I CANNOT permit the second edition of this work to go to press
without premising it with a few words。
When some two years ago I first gave THE ZINCALI to the world； it
was； as I stated at the time； with considerable hesitation and
diffidence： the composition of it and the collecting of Gypsy
words had served as a kind of relaxation to me whilst engaged in
the circulation of the Gospel in Spain。 After the completion of
the work； I had not the slightest idea that it possessed any
peculiar merit； or was calculated to make the slightest impression
upon the reading world。 Nevertheless； as every one who writes
feels a kind of affection； greater or less； for the productions of
his pen； I was averse； since the book was written； to suffer it to
perish of damp in a lumber closet； or by friction in my travelling
wallet。 I committed it therefore to the press； with a friendly
'Farewell； little book； I have done for you all I can； and much
more than you deserve。'
My expectations at this time were widely different from those of my
namesake George in the VICAR OF WAKEFIELD when he published his
paradoxes。 I took it as a matter of course that the world； whether
learned or unlearned； would say to my book what they said to his
paradoxes； as the event showed； … nothing at all。 To my utter
astonishment； however； I had no sooner returned to my humble
retreat； where I hoped to find the repose of which I was very much
in need； than I was followed by the voice not only of England but
of the greater part of Europe； informing me that I had achieved a
feat … a work in the nineteenth century with some pretensions to
originality。 The book was speedily reprinted in America； portions
of it were translated into French and Russian； and a fresh edition
demanded。
In the midst of all this there sounded upon my ears a voice which I
recognised as that of the Maecenas of British literature：
'Borromeo； don't believe all you hear； nor think that you have
accomplished anything so very extraordinary： a great portion of
your book is very sorry trash indeed … Gypsy poetry； dry laws； and
compilations from dull Spanish authors： it has good points；
however； which show that you are capable of something much better：
try your hand again … avoid your besetting sins； and when you have
accomplished something which will really do credit to … Street； it
will be time enough to think of another delivery of these GYPSIES。'
Mistos amande： 'I am content；' I replied； and sitting down I
commenced the BIBLE IN SPAIN。 At first I proceeded slowly …
sickness was in the land； and the face of nature was overcast …
heavy rain…clouds swam in the heavens； … the blast howled amid the
pines which nearly surround my lonely dwelling； and the waters of
the lake which lies before it； so quiet in general and tranquil；
were fearfully agitated。 'Bring lights hither； O Hayim Ben Attar；
son of the miracle！ ' And the Jew of Fez brought in the lights； for
though it was midday I could scarcely see in the little room where
I was writing。 。 。 。
A dreary summer and autumn passed by； and were succeeded by as
gloomy a winter。 I still proceeded with the BIBLE IN SPAIN。 The
winter passed； and spring came with cold dry winds and occasional
sunshine； whereupon I aros
