latter-day pamphlets-第5章

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　there　lies　the　origin；　the　fatal　necessity；　of　modern　Democracy　everywhere。　　It　is　the　Noblest；　not　the　Sham…Noblest；　it　is　God…Almighty's　Noble；　not　the　Court…Tailor's　Noble；　nor　the　Able…Editor's　Noble；　that　must；　in　some　approximate　degree；　be　raised　to　the　supreme　place；　he　and　not　a　counterfeit；under　penalties！　Penalties　deep　as　death；　and　at　length　terrible　as　hell…on…earth；　my　constitutional　friend！Will　the　ballot…box　raise　the　Noblest　to　the　chief　place；　does　any　sane　man　deliberately　believe　such　a　thing？　　That　nevertheless　is　the　indispensable　result；　attain　it　how　we　may：　　if　that　is　attained；　all　is　attained；　if　not　that；　nothing。　　He　that　cannot　believe　the　ballot…box　to　be　attaining　it；　will　be　comparatively　indifferent　to　the　ballot…box。　　Excellent　for　keeping　the　ship's　crew　at　peace　under　their　Phantasm　Captain；　but　unserviceable；　under　such；　for　getting　round　Cape　Horn。　　Alas；　that　there　should　be　human　beings　requiring　to　have　these　things　argued　of；　at　this　late　time　of　day！

I　say；　it　is　the　everlasting　privilege　of　the　foolish　to　be　governed　by　the　wise；　to　be　guided　in　the　right　path　by　those　who　know　it　better　than　they。　This　is　the　first　〃right　of　man；〃　compared　with　which　all　other　rights　are　as　nothing；mere　superfluities；　corollaries　which　will　follow　of　their　own　accord　out　of　this；　if　they　be　not　contradictions　to　this；　and　less　than　nothing！　　To　the　wise　it　is　not　a　privilege；　far　other　indeed。　　Doubtless；　as　bringing　preservation　to　their　country；　it　implies　preservation　of　themselves　withal；　but　intrinsically　it　is　the　harshest　duty　a　wise　man；　if　he　be　indeed　wise；　has　laid　to　his　hand。　　A　duty　which　he　would　fain　enough　shirk；　which　accordingly；　in　these　sad　times　of　doubt　and　cowardly　sloth；　he　has　long　everywhere　been　endeavoring　to　reduce　to　its　minimum；　and　has　in　fact　in　most　cases　nearly　escaped　altogether。　　It　is　an　ungoverned　world；　a　world　which　we　flatter　ourselves　will　henceforth　need　no　governing。　　On　the　dust　of　our　heroic　ancestors　we　too　sit　ballot…boxing；　saying　to　one　another；　It　is　well；　it　is　well！　　By　inheritance　of　their　noble　struggles；　we　have　been　permitted　to　sit　slothful　so　long。　　By　noble　toil　；　not　by　shallow　laughter　and　vain　talk；　they　made　this　English　Existence　from　a　savage　forest　into　an　arable　inhabitable　field　for　us；　and　we；　idly　dreaming　it　would　grow　spontaneous　crops　forever；find　it　now　in　a　too　questionable　state；　peremptorily　requiring　real　labor　and　agriculture　again。　　Real　〃agriculture〃　is　not　pleasant；　much　pleasanter　to　reap　and　winnow　（with　ballot…box　or　otherwise）　than　to　plough！

Who　would　govern　that　can　get　along　without　governing？　　He　that　is　fittest　for　it；　is　of　all　men　the　unwillingest　unless　constrained。　　By　multifarious　devices　we　have　been　endeavoring　to　dispense　with　governing；　and　by　very　superficial　speculations；　of　_laissez…faire_；　supply…and…demand；　&c。　&c。　to　persuade　ourselves　that　it　is　best　so。　　The　Real　Captain；　unless　it　be　some　Captain　of　mechanical　Industry　hired　by　Mammon；　where　is　he　in　these　days？　Most　likely；　in　silence；　in　sad　isolation　somewhere；　in　remote　obscurity；　trying　if；　in　an　evil　ungoverned　time；　he　cannot　at　least　govern　himself。　The　Real　Captain　undiscoverable；　the　Phantasm　Captain　everywhere　very　conspicuous：it　is　thought　Phantasm　Captains；　aided　by　ballot…boxes；　are　the　true　method；　after　all。　　They　are　much　the　pleasantest　for　the　time　being！　　And　so　no　_Dux_　or　Duke　of　any　sort；　in　any　province　of　our　affairs；　now　_leads_：　　the　Duke's　Bailiff　_leads_；　what　little　leading　is　required　for　getting　in　the　rents；　and　the　Duke　merely　rides　in　the　state…coach。　　It　is　everywhere　so：　　and　now　at　last　we　see　a　world　all　rushing　towards　strange　consummations；　because　it　is　and　has　long　been　so！


I　do　not　suppose　any　reader　of　mine；　or　many　persons　in　England　at　all；　have　much　faith　in　Fraternity；　Equality　and　the　Revolutionary　Millenniums　preached　by　the　French　Prophets　in　this　age：　　but　there　are　many　movements　here　too　which　tend　inevitably　in　the　like　direction；　and　good　men；　who　would　stand　aghast　at　Red　Republic　and　its　adjuncts；　seem　to　me　travelling　at　full　speed　towards　that　or　a　similar　goal！　　Certainly　the　notion　everywhere　prevails　among　us　too；　and　preaches　itself　abroad　in　every　dialect；　uncontradicted　anywhere　so　far　as　I　can　hear；　That　the　grand　panacea　for　social　woes　is　what　we　call　〃enfranchisement；〃　〃emancipation；〃　or；　translated　into　practical　language；　the　cutting　asunder　of　human　relations；　wherever　they　are　found　grievous；　as　is　like　to　be　pretty　universally　the　case　at　the　rate　we　have　been　going　for　some　generations　past。　　Let　us　all　be　〃free〃　of　one　another；　we　shall　then　be　happy。　　Free；　without　bond　or　connection　except　that　of　cash…payment；　fair　day's　wages　for　the　fair　day's　work；　bargained　for　by　voluntary　contract；　and　law　of　supply…and…demand：　　this　is　thought　to　be　the　true　solution　of　all　difficulties　and　injustices　that　have　occurred　between　man　and　man。

To　rectify　the　relation　that　exists　between　two　men；　is　there　no　method；　then；　but　that　of　ending　it？　　The　old　relation　has　become　unsuitable；　obsolete；　perhaps　unjust；　it　imperatively　requires　to　be　amended；　and　the　remedy　is；　Abolish　it；　let　there　henceforth　be　no　relation　at　all。　　From　the　〃Sacrament　of　Marriage〃　downwards；　human　beings　used　to　be　manifoldly　related；　one　to　another；　and　each　to　all；　and　there　was　no　relation　among　human　beings；　just　or　unjust；　that　had　not　its　grievances　and　difficulties；　its　necessities　on　both　sides　to　bear　and　forbear。　　But　henceforth；　be　it　known；　we　have　changed　all　that；　by　favor　of　Heaven：　　〃the　voluntary　principle〃　has　come　up；　which　will　itself　do　the　business　for　us；　and　now　let　a　new　Sacrament；　that　of　Divorce；　which　we　call　emancipation；　and　spout　of　on　our　platforms；　be　universally　the　order　of　the　day！Have　men　considered　whither　all　this　is　tending；　and　what　it　certainly　enough　betokens？　　Cut　every　human　relation　which　has　anywhere　grown　uneasy　sheer　asunder；　reduce　whatsoever　was　compulsory　to　voluntary；　whatsoever　was　permanent　among　us　to　the　condition　of　nomadic：in　other　words；　loosen　by　assiduous　wedges　in　every　joint；　the　whole　fabric　of　social　existence；　stone　from　stone：　　till　at　last；　all　now　being　loose　enough；　it　can；　as　we　already　see　in　most　countries；　be　overset　by　sudden　outburst　of　revolutionary　rage；　and；　lying　as　mere　mountains　of　anarchic　rubbish；　solicit　you　to　sing　Fraternity；　&c。；　over　it；　and　to　rejoice　in　the　new　remarkable　era　of　human　progress　we　have　arrived　at。

Certainly　Emancipation　proceeds　with　rapid　strides　among　us；　this　good　while；　and　has　got　to　such　a　length　as　might　give　rise　to　reflections　in　men　of　a　serious　turn。　　West…Indian　Blacks　are　emancipated；　and　it　appears　refuse　to　work：　　Irish　Whites　have　long　been　entirely　emancipated；　and　nobody　asks　them　to　work；　or　on　condition　of　finding　them　potatoes　（which；　of　course；　is　indispensable）；　permits　them　to　work。Among　speculative　persons；　a　question　has　sometimes　risen：　　In　the　progress　of　Emancipation；　are　we　to　look　for　a　time　when　all　the　Horses　also　are　to　be　emancipated；　and　brought　to　the　supply…and…demand　principle？　　Horses　too　have　〃motives；〃　are　acted　on　by　hunger；　fear；　hope；　love　of　oats；　terror　of　platted　leather；　nay　they　have　vanity；　ambition；　emulation；　thankfulness；　vindictiveness；　some　rude　outline　of　all　our　human　spiritualities；a　rude　resemblance　to　us　in　mind　and　intelligence；　even　as　they　have　in　bodily　frame。　　The　Horse；　poor　dumb　four…footed　fellow；　he　too　has　his　private　feelings；　his　affections；　gratitudes；　and　deserves　good　usage；　no　human　master；　without　crime；　shall　treat　him　unjustly　either；　or　recklessly　lay　on　the　whip　where　it　is　not　needed：I　am　sure　if　I　could　make　him　〃happy；〃　I　should　be　willing　to　grant　a　small　vote　（in　addition　to　the　late　twenty　millions）　for　that　object！

Him　too　you　occasionally　tyrannize　over；　and　with　bad　result　to　yourselves；　among　others；　using　the　leather　in　a　tyrannous　unnecessary　manner；　withholding；　or　scantily　furnishing；　the　oats　and　ventilated　stabling　that　are　due。　　Rugged　horse…subduers；　one　fears　they　are　a　little　tyrannous　at　times。　　〃Am　I　not　a　horse；　and　half…brother？〃To　remedy　which；　so　far　as　remediable；　fancythe　horses　all　〃emancipated；〃　restored　to　their　primeval　right　of　property　in　the　grass　of　this　Globe：　　turned　out　to　graze　in　an　independent　supply…and…demand　manner！　　So　long　as　grass　lasts；　I　dare　say　they　are　very　happy；　or　think　themselves　so。　　And　Farmer　Hodge　sallying　forth；　on　a　dry　spring　morning；　with　a　sieve　of　oats　in　his　hand；　and　agony　of　eager　expectation　in　his　heart；　is　he　happy？　　Help　me　to　plough　this　day；　Black　Dobbin：　　oats　in　full　measure　if　thou　wilt。　　〃Hlunh；　Nothank！〃　snorts　Black　Dobbin；　he　prefers　glorious　liberty　and　the　grass。　　Bay　Darby；　wilt　not　thou　perhaps？　　〃Hlunh！〃Gray　Joan；　then；　my　beautiful　broad…bottomed　mare；O　Heaven；　she　too　answers　Hlunh！　　Not　a　quadruped　of　them　will　plough　a　stroke　for　me。　　Corn…crops　are　_ended_　in　this　world！For　the　sake；　if　not　of　Hodge；　then　of　Hodge's　horses；　one　prays　this　benevolent　practice　might　now　cease；　and　a　new　and　better　one　try　to　begin。　　Small　kindness　to　Hodge's　horses　to　emancipate　them！　　The　fate　of　all　emancipated　horses　is；　sooner　or　later；　inevitable。　　To　have　in　this　habitable　Earth　no　grass　to　eat；in　Black　Jamaica　gradually　none；　as　in　White　Connemara　already　none；to　roam　aimless；　wasting　the　seedfields　of　the　world；　and　be　hunted　home　to　Chaos；　by　the　due　watch…dogs　and　due　hell…dogs；　with　such　horrors　of　forsaken　wretchedness　as　were　never　seen　before！　　These　things　are　not　sport；　they　are　terribly　true；　in　this　country　at　this　hour。

Between　our　Black　West　Indies　and　our　White　Ireland；　between　these　two　extremes　of　lazy　refusal　to　work；　and　of　famishing　inability　to　find　any　work；　what　a　world　have　we　made　of　it；　with　our　fierce　Mammon…worships；　and　our　benevolent　philanderings；　and　idle　godless　nonsenses　of　one　kind　and　another！　　Supply…and…demand；　Leave…it…alone；　Voluntary　Principle；　Time　will　mend　it：till　British　industrial　existence　seems　fast　becoming　one　huge　poison…swamp　of　reeking　pestilence　physical　and　moral；　a　hideous　_living_　Golgotha　of　souls　and　bodies　buried　alive；　such　a　Curtius'　gulf；　communicating　with　the　Nether　Deeps；　as　the　Sun　never　saw　till　now。　　These　scenes；　which　the　_Morning　Chronicle_　is　bringing　home　to　all　minds　of　men；thanks　to　it　for　a　service　such　as　Newspapers　have　seldom　done；ought　to　excite　unspeakable　reflections　in　every　mind。　　Thirty　thousand　outcast　Needlewomen　working　themselves　swiftly　to　death；　three　million　Paupers　rotting　in　forced　idleness；　_helping_　said　Needlewomen　to　die：　　these　are　but　items　in　the　sad　ledger　of　despair。

Thirty　thousand　wretched　women；　sunk　in　that　putrefying　well　of　abominations；　they　have　oozed　in　upon　London；　from　the　universal　Stygian　quagmire　of　British　industrial　life；　are　accumulated　in　the　_well_　of　the　concern；　to　that　extent。　　British　charity　is　smitten　to　the　heart；　at　the　laying　bare　of　such　a　scene；　passionately　undertakes；　by　enormous　subscription　of　money；　or　by　other　enormous　effort；　to　redress　that　individual　horror；　as　I　and　all　men　hope　it　may。　　But；　alas；　what　next？　This　general　well　and　cesspool　once　baled　clean　out　to…day；　will　begin　befo