alexandria and her schools(ÑÇÀúɽ´óºÍËýµÄѧУ)-µÚ8ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
the¡¡prosecution¡¡of¡¡physical¡¡science£»¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡profitable¡¡for¡¡art¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡can¡¡
only¡¡produce¡¡a¡¡literary¡¡age£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡did¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Ptolemaic¡¡era£»¡¡a¡¡generation¡¡of¡¡
innumerable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡court¡poets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡artificial¡¡¡¡¡¡epigrammatists£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡artificial¡¡¡¡¡¡idyllists£»¡¡
artificial¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatists¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡epicists£»¡¡¡¡¡¡above¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡generation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡critics¡£¡¡Or¡¡
rather¡¡shall¡¡we¡¡say£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡dynasty¡¡was¡¡not¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡a¡¡literary¡¡age£»¡¡but¡¡
only¡¡its¡¡correlative£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡when¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Greeks¡¡lost¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡being¡¡
free£»¡¡of¡¡being¡¡anything¡¡but¡¡the¡¡slaves¡¡of¡¡oriental¡¡despots£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Ptolemies¡¡
in¡¡reality¡¡¡¡were£»¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡lost¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡the¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡producing¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡art£»¡¡
because¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡had¡¡lost¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡youthful¡¡¡¡¡¡vigour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mind¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡
and¡¡freedom¡¡sprang£¿¡¡Let¡¡the¡¡case¡¡be¡¡as¡¡it¡¡will£»¡¡Alexandrian¡¡literature¡¡need¡¡
not¡¡¡¡¡¡detain¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡longthough£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡alas£¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡detained¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡boy¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ever¡¡
trembled¡¡over¡¡his¡¡Greek¡¡grammar£»¡¡for¡¡many¡¡a¡¡weary¡¡year£»¡¡and£»¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡
help¡¡suspecting£»¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡main¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
have¡¡spent¡¡seven¡¡years¡¡in¡¡learning¡¡Greek£»¡¡know¡¡nothing¡¡about¡¡it¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡seven¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡I¡¡must¡¡say£»¡¡that¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡we¡¡can¡¡see£»¡¡these¡¡Alexandrian¡¡
pedants¡¡were¡¡thorough¡¡pedants£»¡¡very¡¡polished¡¡and¡¡learned¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡no¡¡
doubt£»¡¡and£»¡¡like¡¡Callimachus£»¡¡the¡¡pets¡¡of¡¡princes£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡after¡¡all£»¡¡men¡¡who¡¡
thought¡¡that¡¡they¡¡could¡¡make¡¡up¡¡for¡¡not¡¡writing¡¡great¡¡works¡¡themselves£»¡¡
by¡¡¡¡¡¡showing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡careful¡¡¡¡¡¡analysis¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡commentation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
write¡¡them¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡how¡¡they¡¡fancied¡¡men¡¡used¡¡to¡¡write¡¡them£»¡¡for£»¡¡
consider£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡really¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡thing¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡done£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡
needs¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡themselves¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
favourite¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Ptolemy¡¡¡¡¡¡Philadelphus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡librarian¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡Museum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
most¡¡¡¡¡¡distinguished¡¡¡¡¡¡grammarian£»¡¡¡¡¡¡critic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡poet¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡day£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
pupils¡¡Eratosthenes£»¡¡Apollonius¡¡Rhodius£»¡¡Aristophanes¡¡of¡¡Byzantium£»¡¡and¡¡
a¡¡goodly¡¡list¡¡more¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡an¡¡encyclopaedia¡¡in¡¡himself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡
the¡¡man¡¡does¡¡not¡¡know£»¡¡or¡¡probably£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡spoke¡¡more¡¡correctly£»¡¡nothing¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡30¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡writes¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡history£»¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Museum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡
barbarous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡names£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡wonders¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡games£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡
colonisation£»¡¡on¡¡winds£»¡¡on¡¡birds£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡rivers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡ominous¡¡
subjecta¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡comprehensive¡¡history¡¡of¡¡Greek¡¡literature£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡careful¡¡
classification¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡authors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡heading¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Greek¡¡
literature¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sere¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡yellow¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡leaf£»¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡sure£»¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡
thought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡sort¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡thing¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still£»¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡an¡¡
encyclopaedic¡¡man£»¡¡and£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡a¡¡poet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡writes¡¡an¡¡epic£»¡¡¡¨Aitia£»¡¨¡¡in¡¡
four¡¡books£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡causes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡myths£»¡¡religious¡¡ceremonies£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡forth¡¡¡
¡an¡¡ominous¡¡sign¡¡for¡¡the¡¡myths¡¡also£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡belief¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡also¡¡a¡¡Hecate£»¡¡
Galataea£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Glaucusfour¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡epics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡besides¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡comedies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tragedies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡iambics£»¡¡
choriambics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡elegies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡hymns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡epigrams¡¡¡¡¡¡seventy¡threeand¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡
alone¡¡can¡¡we¡¡say¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡in¡¡any¡¡degree¡¡readable£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡courtly£»¡¡
far¡fetched£»¡¡neat£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡is¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Six¡¡hymns¡¡remain£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡few¡¡fragments¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡elegies£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡famous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡elegy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Berenice's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hair£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
preserved¡¡to¡¡us¡¡only¡¡in¡¡a¡¡Latin¡¡paraphrase¡¡of¡¡Catullus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡curious£»¡¡as¡¡
the¡¡earliest¡¡instance¡¡we¡¡have¡¡of¡¡genuinely¡¡ungenuine¡¡Court¡¡poetry£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡complimentary¡¡lie¡¡which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡even¡¡pretend¡¡to¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¡the¡¡flattery¡¡
which¡¡will¡¡not¡¡take¡¡the¡¡trouble¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡your¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡laughing¡¡in¡¡
your¡¡face¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Berenice¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡queen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Ptolemy's¡¡¡¡¡¡departure¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡vows¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡
beautiful¡¡¡¡¡¡tresses¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡favourite¡¡¡¡¡¡goddess£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡price¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡husband's¡¡
safe¡¡return£»¡¡and¡¡duly¡¡pays¡¡her¡¡vow¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡hair¡¡is¡¡hung¡¡up¡¡in¡¡the¡¡temple£º¡¡
in¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡after¡¡it¡¡has¡¡vanished¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dire¡¡is¡¡the¡¡wrath¡¡of¡¡Ptolemy£»¡¡the¡¡
consternation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡priests£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scandal¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡religion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡Conon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
court¡astronomer£»¡¡luckily¡¡searching¡¡the¡¡heavens£»¡¡finds¡¡the¡¡missing¡¡tresses¡¡
in¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡utterly¡¡¡¡unexpected¡¡placeas¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡constellation¡¡of¡¡stars£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
this¡¡day¡¡bears¡¡the¡¡title¡¡of¡¡Coma¡¡Berenices¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡so¡¡convenient¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡
the¡¡fact£»¡¡that¡¡everybody¡¡believes¡¡it¡¡accordingly£»¡¡and¡¡Callimachus¡¡writes¡¡an¡¡
elegy¡¡thereon£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡constellified£»¡¡or¡¡indeed¡¡deified¡¡tresses£»¡¡address¡¡
in¡¡most¡¡melodious¡¡and¡¡highly¡finished¡¡Greek£»¡¡bedizened¡¡with¡¡concetto¡¡on¡¡
concetto£»¡¡that¡¡fair¡¡and¡¡sacred¡¡head¡¡whereon¡¡they¡¡grew£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡shorn¡¡from¡¡
which¡¡is¡¡so¡¡dire¡¡a¡¡sorrow£»¡¡that¡¡apotheosis¡¡itself¡¡can¡¡hardly¡¡reconcile¡¡them¡¡
to¡¡the¡¡parting¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡30¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡31¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Worthy£»¡¡was¡¡not¡¡all¡¡this£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡descendants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡men¡¡who¡¡fought¡¡at¡¡
Marathon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Thermopylae£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Greek¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡civilisation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rotting¡¡
swiftly¡¡down£»¡¡while¡¡a¡¡fire¡¡of¡¡God¡¡was¡¡preparing£»¡¡slowly¡¡and¡¡dimly£»¡¡in¡¡that¡¡
unnoticed¡¡Italian¡¡town¡¡of¡¡Rome£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡destined¡¡to¡¡burn¡¡up¡¡that¡¡dead¡¡
world£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡its¡¡works¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hymns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡list¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡highly¡¡
finished¡¡¡¡¡¡enough£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡thoroughly¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡sort¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
article¡¡he¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡make£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡were¡¡the¡¡most¡¡approved¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡
making¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Curious¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡cumbrous¡¡¡¡¡¡mythological¡¡¡¡¡¡lore¡¡¡¡¡¡comes¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡
other¡¡line¡£¡¡The¡¡smartness£»¡¡the¡¡fine¡¡epithets£»¡¡the¡¡recondite¡¡conceits£»¡¡the¡¡bits¡¡
of¡¡effect£»¡¡are¡¡beyond¡¡all¡¡praise£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡for¡¡one¡¡spark¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡of¡¡poetry£»¡¡of¡¡
real¡¡belief£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡find¡¡none£»¡¡not¡¡even¡¡in¡¡that¡¡famous¡¡Lavacrum¡¡Palladis¡¡
which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Angelo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Poliziano¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡worth¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡translating¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡Latin¡¡¡¡¡¡elegiacs£»¡¡
about¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡that¡¡the¡¡learned¡¡Florentine£»¡¡Antonio¡¡Maria¡¡Salviano£»¡¡
found¡¡Berenice's¡¡Hair¡¡worthy¡¡to¡¡be¡¡paraphrased¡¡back¡¡from¡¡Catullus'¡¡Latin¡¡
into¡¡¡¡¡¡Greek£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡faint¡¡¡¡¡¡notion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡inestimable¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
incomparable¡¡original¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡must¡¡have¡¡had¡¡much¡¡time¡¡on¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡£¡¡
But¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Revival¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Letters£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡expected£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
ancients£»¡¡good¡¡and¡¡bad£»¡¡were¡¡devoured¡¡alike¡¡with¡¡youthful¡¡eagerness¡¡by¡¡
the¡¡Medicis¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Popes£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not£»¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡see£»¡¡for¡¡more¡¡than¡¡one¡¡
century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡after£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡men's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡taste¡¡¡¡got¡¡¡¡¡¡sufficiently¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡matured¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡distinguish¡¡
between¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Homeric¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hymns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Plato¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Proclus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡fellows¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡£¡¡
His¡¡writings£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡those¡¡of¡¡Philetas£»¡¡were¡¡the¡¡model¡¡on¡¡which¡¡Ovid£»¡¡
Propertius£»¡¡Tibullus£»¡¡formed¡¡themselves¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡hints¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡wishes¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
justice¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡censure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Alexandrian¡¡¡¡¡¡hymns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
immediately¡¡after¡¡it£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡glorious¡¡old¡¡Homeric¡¡hymns¡¡to¡¡the¡¡very¡¡
same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡deities£»¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡contrast¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡insincere¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fulsome¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡idolatry¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Callimachus¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡reverent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡simple¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡manful¡¡¡¡¡¡anthropomorphism¡¡¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡Homeristand¡¡let¡¡him¡¡form¡¡his¡¡own¡¡judgment¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡hint¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡£¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡founder¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexandrian¡¡
literature£»¡¡be¡¡such¡¡as¡¡he¡¡is£»¡¡what¡¡are¡¡his¡¡pupils¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡become£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡
without¡¡some¡¡infusion¡¡of¡¡healthier¡¡blood£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡his¡¡Roman¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡31¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡32¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
imitators¡¡produced¡¡a¡¡new¡¡and¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡ignoble¡¡school£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡¡¡¡¡Lycophron£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fellow¡grammarian¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡poet¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Callimachus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡
have¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Cassandra£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡iambic¡¡¡¡¡¡poem£»¡¡¡¡¡¡stuffed¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
traditionary¡¡learning£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡obscure£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡obtained¡¡for¡¡him¡¡the¡¡surname¡¡
of¡¡£§Greek¡¡text£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡skoteinos£§¡¡the¡¡dark¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡tried¡¡in¡¡vain¡¡to¡¡read¡¡it£º¡¡
you£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡will£»¡¡may¡¡do¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Philetas£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡remaining¡¡¡¡¡¡member¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexandrian¡¡¡¡¡¡Triad£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡more¡¡simple£»¡¡genial£»¡¡and¡¡graceful¡¡spirit¡¡than¡¡the¡¡other¡¡two£»¡¡to¡¡
whom¡¡he¡¡was¡¡accordingly¡¡esteemed¡¡inferior¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Only¡¡a¡¡few¡¡fragments¡¡are¡¡
left£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡was¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡without¡¡his¡¡influence£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡
just¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡models¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Propertius¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ovid¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡
themselves£»¡¡and¡¡some£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡call¡¡him¡¡the¡¡Father¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡elegy£»¡¡with¡¡
its¡¡terseness£»¡¡grace£»¡¡and¡¡clear¡¡epigrammatic¡¡form¡¡of¡¡thought£»¡¡and£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡
in¡¡a¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡degree£»¡¡¡¡of¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡modern¡¡eighteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡century¡¡¡¡poets£»¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡useless¡¡
excellence£»¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡good¡¡for¡¡him¡¡who¡¡writes¡¡to¡¡see¡¡
clearly¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡wants¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡readers¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
clearly¡¡¡¡also¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡strain¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡heard¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡artificial¡¡
jinglethat¡¡of¡¡Theocritus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡Alexandrian¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Its¡¡sweetest¡¡
notes¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡learnt¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡chestnut¡¡¡¡¡¡groves¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡orchards£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡volcanic¡¡
glens¡¡and¡¡sunny¡¡pastures¡¡of¡¡Sicily£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡intercourse£»¡¡between¡¡the¡¡courts¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡Hiero¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Ptolemies¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡continual¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Poets¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
philosophers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡moved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡freely¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡like¡¡
atmosphere¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡both£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Theocritus'¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡idyls£»¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sicilian¡¡
gentlemen£»¡¡crossed¡¡in¡¡love£»¡¡agree¡¡to¡¡sail¡¡for¡¡Alexandria£»¡¡and¡¡volunteer¡¡into¡¡
the¡¡army¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡and¡¡good¡¡king¡¡Ptolemy£»¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡a¡¡sketch¡¡is¡¡given¡¡
worth¡¡reading£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡man¡¡noble£»¡¡generous£»¡¡and¡¡stately£»¡¡¡¨knowing¡¡well¡¡who¡¡
loves¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡still¡¡better¡¡who¡¡loves¡¡him¡¡not¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡has¡¡another¡¡encomium¡¡
on¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ptolemy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡laboured£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡interesting£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡
value¡¡of¡¡Theocritus¡¡lies¡¡in¡¡his¡¡power¡¡of¡¡landscape¡painting¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡can¡¡well¡¡conceive¡¡the¡¡delight¡¡which¡¡his¡¡idyls¡¡must¡¡have¡¡given¡¡to¡¡
those¡¡¡¡¡¡dusty¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexandrians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡pent¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡forever¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡sand¡hills£»¡¡
drinking¡¡the¡¡tank¡water£»¡¡and¡¡never¡¡hearing¡¡the¡¡sound¡¡of¡¡a¡¡running¡¡stream¡¡
whirling£»¡¡too£»¡¡forever£»¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡bustle¡¡and¡¡intrigue¡¡of¡¡a¡¡great¡¡commercial¡¡
and¡¡literary¡¡city¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Refreshing¡¡indeed¡¡it¡¡must¡¡have¡¡been¡¡to¡¡them¡¡to¡¡hear¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡