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cyprus, as i saw it in 1879-µÚ16ÕÂ

С˵£º cyprus, as i saw it in 1879 ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

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faint¡¡when¡¡no¡¡one¡¡is¡¡at¡¡hand¡¡to¡¡save¡¡her£»¡¡tottered¡¡for¡¡a¡¡moment£»¡¡and
turned¡¡over¡¡with¡¡a¡¡crash¡¡that¡¡betokened¡¡general¡¡destruction¡£¡¡My
Abyssinian¡¡lad£»¡¡Amarn£»¡¡was¡¡only¡¡just¡¡in¡¡time¡¡to¡¡escape£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been
endeavouring¡¡to¡¡support¡¡the¡¡van¡¡on¡¡the¡¡impending¡¡side¡¡when¡¡it¡¡suddenly
capsised£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡flattened¡¡like¡¡a¡¡black¡­edged¡¡mourning
envelope¡¡had¡¡he¡¡not¡¡actively¡¡sprung¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡way¡£

All¡¡hands¡¡set¡¡about¡¡righting¡¡the¡¡shipwhich¡¡was¡¡upon¡¡her¡¡beam¡­ends£»¡¡and
the¡¡wheels¡¡uppermost¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡thing¡¡necessary¡¡was¡¡to¡¡discharge¡¡cargo£»
this¡¡we¡¡quickly¡¡effected£»¡¡as¡¡there¡¡were¡¡doors¡¡in¡¡front¡¡and¡¡behind£»¡¡and
the¡¡numerous¡¡packages¡¡were¡¡soon¡¡piled¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡wayside¡£¡¡No¡¡sooner¡¡was
the¡¡van¡¡empty£»¡¡than¡¡my¡¡dogs£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡watching¡¡the¡¡operation¡¡in
bewilderment£»¡¡jumped¡¡in£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡inducement¡¡would¡¡persuade¡¡them¡¡to¡¡quit
the¡¡comfortable¡¡vehicle£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡supposed¡¡had¡¡been¡¡specially¡¡cleared
for¡¡their¡¡convenience£»¡¡the¡¡doors¡¡were¡¡accordingly¡¡shut£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were
locked¡¡up¡£¡¡We¡¡now¡¡passed¡¡ropes¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡van£»¡¡and¡¡secured¡¡the¡¡ends¡¡to
the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wheels£»¡¡which¡¡rested¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡ends
were¡¡thrown¡¡over¡¡the¡¡cap¡­roof¡¡and¡¡manned£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡party
endeavoured¡¡to¡¡raise¡¡the¡¡van¡¡bodily¡£¡¡All¡¡working¡¡together£»¡¡we¡¡righted¡¡it
immediately£»¡¡the¡¡astonished¡¡dogs¡¡were¡¡liberated£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡soon¡¡replaced
the¡¡contents¡£¡¡I¡¡sent¡¡a¡¡messenger¡¡to¡¡Arshia¡¡to¡¡purchase¡¡if¡¡possible¡¡a
piece¡¡of¡¡wood¡¡sufficiently¡¡long¡¡to¡¡form¡¡a¡¡pole£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡meantime¡¡I
employed¡¡my¡¡tools¡¡and¡¡myself¡¡in¡¡splicing¡¡the¡¡broken¡¡pole¡¡sufficiently¡¡to
enable¡¡us¡¡to¡¡creep¡¡a¡¡little¡¡nearer¡¡to¡¡the¡¡village£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡were¡¡far¡¡from
water¡£

It¡¡was¡¡nearly¡¡dark¡¡by¡¡the¡¡time¡¡I¡¡had¡¡completed¡¡my¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡bullocks
were¡¡once¡¡more¡¡fastened¡¡to¡¡the¡¡van¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡way¡¡we¡¡approached¡¡within¡¡a
quarter¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mile¡¡of¡¡the¡¡village¡¡and¡¡halted¡¡for¡¡the¡¡night¡£¡¡I¡¡made¡¡a
capital¡¡pole¡¡from¡¡the¡¡stem¡¡of¡¡a¡¡young¡¡fir¡­tree¡¡which¡¡I¡¡procured¡¡from¡¡the
natives£»¡¡and¡¡lashed¡¡it¡¡securely¡¡to¡¡the¡¡rough¡¡but¡¡strong¡¡splinter¡­bar¡¡of
dwarf¡­cypress¡£

On¡¡the¡¡following¡¡morning¡¡at¡¡daybreak¡¡I¡¡made¡¡a¡¡few¡¡alterations¡¡in¡¡the
work¡¡of¡¡the¡¡preceding¡¡night£»¡¡and¡¡having¡¡thoroughly¡¡secured¡¡the¡¡new¡¡pole£»
we¡¡started¡¡for¡¡Kuklia£»¡¡about¡¡thirteen¡¡miles¡¡distant¡£¡¡After¡¡passing¡¡a¡¡few
more¡¡watercourses£»¡¡we¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡the¡¡best¡¡ground¡¡we¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡Cyprus£»
and¡¡the¡¡vans¡¡travelled¡¡with¡¡ease¡¡at¡¡upwards¡¡of¡¡three¡¡miles¡¡an¡¡hour¡£
Throughout¡¡this¡¡march¡¡I¡¡observed¡¡that¡¡the¡¡water¡¡in¡¡the¡¡various¡¡wells¡¡and
open¡¡pits¡¡was¡¡hardly¡¡five¡¡feet¡¡from¡¡the¡¡surface£»¡¡although¡¡the¡¡country
was¡¡suffering¡¡from¡¡an¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡rain¡£¡¡Notwithstanding¡¡this¡¡natural
advantage£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡only¡¡two¡¡farms¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡the¡¡cattle¡­wheels¡¡were
used¡¡for¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡irrigation£»¡¡which¡¡proves¡¡the¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡enterprise¡¡and
capital¡¡throughout¡¡this¡¡miserable¡¡district¡£

There¡¡were¡¡many¡¡important¡¡villages¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡higher¡¡ground£»¡¡which
overlooked¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡plain¡¡through¡¡which¡¡the¡¡river¡¡Pedias¡¡was¡¡supposed
to¡¡flow¡£¡¡These¡¡heights¡¡were¡¡about¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡fifty¡¡feet¡¡above¡¡the
lower¡¡level£»¡¡and¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡increase¡¡their¡¡elevation¡¡for¡¡many¡¡miles£»
until¡¡they¡¡formed¡¡the¡¡horizon¡¡on¡¡the¡¡south¡­west¡¡and¡¡west¡£¡¡The¡¡soil¡¡was
extremely¡¡fertile£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡usual¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡stones£»¡¡the¡¡debris¡¡of
decayed¡¡limestone¡¡of¡¡the¡¡post¡­tertiary¡¡period£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡is¡¡found
throughout¡¡the¡¡Messaria¡£¡¡The¡¡flat¡¡valley¡¡below¡¡was¡¡about¡¡thirteen¡¡miles
across¡¡due¡¡north£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡bounded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Carpas¡¡range£»¡¡which¡¡extended¡¡to
the¡¡east¡¡beyond¡¡telescopic¡¡view¡£¡¡In¡¡our¡¡front¡¡was¡¡a¡¡cheering¡¡scene£»
towards¡¡which¡¡we¡¡hastened¡¡with¡¡all¡¡speed£»¡¡as¡¡sailors¡¡rush¡¡on¡¡deck¡¡at¡¡the
first¡¡cry¡¡of¡¡¡¨Land¡¡ahead£¡¡¨¡¡we¡¡hurried¡¡forward¡¡at¡¡the¡¡unusual¡¡sight£»
¡¨Green¡¡trees£¡¡¨¡¡Groves¡¡of¡¡tall¡¡cypress£»¡¡poplars£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡varieties£»
springing¡¡from¡¡a¡¡base¡¡of¡¡exquisite¡¡verdure£»¡¡formed¡¡a¡¡rare¡¡and
unmistakable¡¡landmark¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡Kuklia£»¡¡our¡¡halting¡­place£»¡¡the¡¡property
of¡¡Monsieur¡¡Richard¡¡Mattei¡£

Upon¡¡arrival¡¡at¡¡the¡¡village¡¡we¡¡selected¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡spot¡¡upon¡¡elevated
ground¡¡which¡¡overlooked¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡country£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡which¡¡we¡¡could
faintly¡¡distinguish¡¡Famagousta£»¡¡twelve¡¡miles¡¡distant¡£¡¡Upon¡¡our¡¡right£»
within¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡twenty¡¡yards£»¡¡was¡¡an¡¡aqueduct¡¡of¡¡masonry¡¡supported
upon¡¡arches£»¡¡which¡¡conveyed¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡stream¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡a¡¡large¡¡overshot
water¡­wheel¡¡in¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡immediately¡¡below¡£¡¡The¡¡surplus¡¡water£»¡¡after
having¡¡worked¡¡the¡¡mill£»¡¡was¡¡used¡¡for¡¡the¡¡irrigation¡¡of¡¡extensive
cotton¡­grounds£»¡¡beyond¡¡which¡¡it¡¡flowed¡¡into¡¡the¡¡marshes¡¡and¡¡formed¡¡a
swamp¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡opposite¡¡side¡¡of¡¡this¡¡narrow¡¡valley¡¡were¡¡heights¡¡and
undulating¡¡ground£»¡¡corresponding¡¡to¡¡those¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡we¡¡stoodall
treeless¡¡and¡¡cold£»¡¡while¡¡upon¡¡our¡¡right£»¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡aqueduct£»¡¡was¡¡the
bright¡¡green¡¡of¡¡high¡¡cultivation£»¡¡and¡¡groves¡¡of¡¡tall¡¡trees¡¡which¡¡towered
above¡¡gardens¡¡of¡¡oranges¡¡and¡¡lemons¡¡now¡¡bending¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡burden¡¡of
yellow¡¡fruit¡£¡¡The¡¡village¡¡was¡¡disappointing£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡houses¡¡were¡¡of¡¡a¡¡low
order¡¡and¡¡much¡¡neglected£»¡¡the¡¡lanes¡¡were¡¡occupied¡¡by¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡filth¡¡and
noisy¡¡dogs£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡agreeable¡¡view¡¡of¡¡bright¡¡green¡¡fields¡¡and¡¡real
thriving¡¡trees¡¡was¡¡a¡¡delightful¡¡change£»¡¡and¡¡exhibited¡¡a¡¡picture¡¡of¡¡what
Cyprus¡¡might¡¡become¡¡when¡¡developed¡¡by¡¡capital¡¡and¡¡enterprise¡£¡¡While¡¡the
camp¡¡was¡¡being¡¡arranged¡¡I¡¡took¡¡my¡¡gun¡¡and¡¡strolled¡¡with¡¡the¡¡dogs¡¡into
the¡¡narrow¡¡valley¡¡below¡¡the¡¡mill¡£¡¡The¡¡waterwheel¡¡was¡¡at¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡the
people¡¡were¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡cleaning¡¡cotton£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡machinery¡¡was¡¡adapted¡¡for
both¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡grinding¡¡corn¡¡or¡¡of¡¡ginning¡¡cotton¡¡when¡¡required¡£¡¡There
were¡¡plenty¡¡of¡¡snipe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡marshes¡¡below¡¡the¡¡cotton¡­fields£»¡¡for¡¡which
rushes£»¡¡low¡¡bushes¡¡of¡¡tamarisk¡¡and¡¡other¡¡shrubs£»¡¡afforded¡¡excellent
cover¡£¡¡I¡¡quickly¡¡bagged¡¡two¡¡couple¡¡and¡¡my¡¡first¡¡Francolin¡¡partridge£»¡¡and
was¡¡just¡¡in¡¡time£»¡¡before¡¡dark£»¡¡to¡¡assist¡¡the¡¡dinner¡£

At¡¡sunrise¡¡on¡¡the¡¡following¡¡morning¡¡the¡¡view¡¡was¡¡interesting£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡sea
glittered¡¡brightly¡¡to¡¡the¡¡south£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡bold¡¡rocks¡¡and¡¡wall¡­like
sides¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Carpas¡¡mountains¡¡stood¡¡out¡¡in¡¡sharply¡­defined¡¡edges¡¡and
varying¡¡colours¡¡on¡¡the¡¡north¡£¡¡To¡¡the¡¡east¡¡we¡¡looked¡¡over¡¡the¡¡broadest
portion¡¡of¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡flat¡¡created¡¡by¡¡the¡¡deposit¡¡from¡¡inundations¡¡of¡¡the
eccentric¡¡river¡¡Pedias£»¡¡which£»¡¡although¡¡dry¡¡at¡¡the¡¡present¡¡time£»
periodically¡¡floods¡¡the¡¡country¡¡and¡¡converts¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡into¡¡an
extensive¡¡lake¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡about¡¡twenty¡¡miles¡¡across¡¡this¡¡broad¡¡flat¡¡to¡¡the
important¡¡town¡¡of¡¡Trichomo£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ruins¡¡of¡¡Salamis¡¡were¡¡discernible
with¡¡the¡¡telescope¡¡about¡¡midway£»¡¡close¡¡to¡¡the¡¡seashore¡£

There¡¡was¡¡an¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡several¡¡miles¡¡of¡¡marsh¡¡around¡¡the¡¡heights¡¡of
Kuklia£»¡¡in¡¡some¡¡portions¡¡of¡¡which¡¡cotton¡¡was¡¡cultivated¡¡in¡¡considerable
quantities£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡was¡¡surprised¡¡at¡¡the¡¡inferiority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡quality£»¡¡and
at¡¡the¡¡apparent¡¡weakness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡plants¡¡where¡¡the¡¡water¡­supply¡¡was
plentiful¡£¡¡On¡¡closer¡¡examination¡¡I¡¡observed¡¡great¡¡carelessness¡¡in¡¡the
absence¡¡of¡¡drainage£»¡¡the¡¡plants¡¡were¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡perish¡¡in¡¡stagnant
water£»¡¡which¡¡soured¡¡the¡¡land¡£¡¡Upon¡¡a¡¡longer¡¡acquaintance¡¡with¡¡M¡£
Mattei's¡¡farm£»¡¡I¡¡found¡¡the¡¡same¡¡fault¡¡generally¡£¡¡Many¡¡portions¡¡of
valuable¡¡land¡¡were¡¡chilled¡¡and¡¡rendered¡¡fruitless¡¡by¡¡too¡¡much¡¡water£»
which¡¡remained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡for¡¡want¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡simple¡¡drains¡£¡¡I¡¡shot
plenty¡¡of¡¡snipe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fields¡¡of¡¡barley£»¡¡although¡¡they¡¡were¡¡not¡¡supposed
to¡¡be¡¡under¡¡irrigation¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡Mattei¡¡is¡¡well¡¡known¡¡as¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡landed
proprietor¡¡in¡¡Cyprus£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡agricultural¡¡progress£»
but¡¡his¡¡bailiff¡¡at¡¡Kuklia¡¡could¡¡hardly¡¡have¡¡expected¡¡a¡¡prize¡¡at¡¡an
exhibition£»¡¡although¡¡every¡¡facility¡¡exists¡¡for¡¡creating¡¡a¡¡perfect
model¡­farm¡£¡¡The¡¡springs¡¡which¡¡supply¡¡the¡¡water¡­power¡¡were¡¡discovered¡¡in
three¡¡different¡¡positions¡¡about¡¡three¡¡miles¡¡distant¡£¡¡The¡¡usual¡¡chains¡¡of
wells¡¡£¨already¡¡described£©¡¡were¡¡sunk£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡a¡¡convenient¡¡spot¡¡they
converged¡¡into¡¡a¡¡single¡¡line£»¡¡until¡¡a¡¡lower¡¡level¡¡introduced¡¡the¡¡channel
to¡¡the¡¡surface¡£¡¡The¡¡water¡¡was¡¡then¡¡received¡¡into¡¡a¡¡stone¡¡aqueduct£»¡¡and
led¡¡with¡¡great¡¡judgment¡¡in¡¡a¡¡half¡¡circle¡¡beneath¡¡the¡¡higher¡¡ground¡¡which
was¡¡occupied¡¡by¡¡the¡¡village£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡level¡¡which¡¡not¡¡only¡¡enabled¡¡it¡¡to
command¡¡the¡¡extensive¡¡flats¡¡beneath£»¡¡but¡¡eventually¡¡passed¡¡beyond¡¡the
village£»¡¡and¡¡turned¡¡an¡¡overshot¡¡wheel¡¡of¡¡more¡¡than¡¡twenty¡¡feet¡¡diameter¡£
This¡¡great¡¡work¡¡was¡¡at¡¡the¡¡sole¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡the¡¡proprietor¡£¡¡After¡¡a
considerable¡¡outlay¡¡and¡¡perfect¡¡success¡¡in¡¡the¡¡engineering£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be
regretted¡¡that¡¡greater¡¡care¡¡is¡¡not¡¡bestowed¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡although¡¡the
gardens¡¡contain¡¡a¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡fruit¡­trees£»¡¡large¡¡groves¡¡of¡¡figs£»¡¡and¡¡relieve
the¡¡eye¡¡by¡¡their¡¡cheerful¡¡aspect£»¡¡only¡¡enough¡¡has¡¡been¡¡attained¡¡to
exhibit¡¡the¡¡great¡¡power¡¡that¡¡exists¡¡for¡¡producing¡¡a¡¡still¡¡greater
abundance¡¡under¡¡proper¡¡administration¡£

Having¡¡examined¡¡the¡¡neighbourhood¡¡thoroughly£»¡¡I¡¡changed¡¡the¡¡position¡¡of
our¡¡camp¡¡and¡¡halted¡¡a¡¡mile¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡up¡¡the¡¡aqueduct¡¡on¡¡the¡¡higher¡¡side
of¡¡the¡¡village£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡point¡¡where¡¡the¡¡water¡¡first¡¡issued¡¡from¡¡its
subterranean¡¡channel¡¡into¡¡the¡¡conduit¡¡of¡¡masonry¡¡and¡¡cement¡£¡¡We¡¡thus
secured¡¡a¡¡supply¡¡in¡¡its¡¡original¡¡purity£»¡¡before¡¡it¡¡should¡¡be
contaminated¡¡by¡¡any¡¡washing¡¡of¡¡clothes¡¡in¡¡passing¡¡through¡¡the¡¡village¡¡in
an¡¡open¡¡channel£»¡¡which¡¡from¡¡its¡¡convenience¡¡offered¡¡an¡¡irresistible
invitation¡£¡¡Such¡¡a¡¡tempting¡¡stream£»¡¡running¡¡through¡¡a¡¡canal¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡broad
wall¡¡of¡¡masonry¡¡open¡¡to¡¡all¡¡comers¡¡would£»¡¡in¡¡any¡¡European¡¡country£»¡¡have
been¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡resort¡¡of¡¡boys£»¡¡who¡¡would¡¡have¡¡revelled¡¡in¡¡the¡¡freedom
of¡¡nakedness¡¡and¡¡the¡¡delight¡¡of¡¡bathing¡¡in¡¡forbidden¡¡waters£»¡¡but¡¡in
Cyprus¡¡I¡¡have¡¡never¡¡once¡¡seen¡¡a¡¡person¡¡washing¡¡himself¡¡in¡¡public¡£¡¡This
is¡¡not¡¡from¡¡any¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡indecent¡¡exposure£»¡¡but¡¡from¡¡their¡¡absolute
dislike¡¡to¡¡the¡¡operation¡£¡¡I¡¡had¡¡subsequently¡¡in¡¡my¡¡service¡¡a¡¡remarkably
fine¡¡man¡¡who¡¡was¡¡always¡¡carefully¡¡dressed£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡a¡¡dandy
in¡¡exterior£»¡¡but¡¡during¡¡the¡¡hot¡¡weather¡¡when¡¡he¡¡on¡¡one¡¡occasion¡¡saw¡¡my
Abyssinian¡¡Amarn¡¡swimming¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡he¡¡declared¡¡that£»¡¡¡¨rather¡¡than
bathe£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡prefer¡¡to¡¡cut¡¡his¡¡throat¡£¡¨

I¡¡had¡¡arranged¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡close¡¡to¡¡a¡¡hawthorn¡­tree£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡already
green¡¡in¡¡its¡¡first¡¡spring¡¡leaves£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡formed¡¡blossom¡­buds¡¡that¡¡would
open¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days¡£¡¡There¡¡were¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡number¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡species
scattered¡¡in¡¡the¡¡vicinity£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been¡¡defaced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡mutilations
usual¡¡throughout¡¡Cyprus¡£¡¡If¡¡a¡¡man¡¡requires¡¡a¡¡stick¡¡or¡¡a¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡wood
for¡¡any¡¡purpose£»¡¡he¡¡hacks¡¡unsparingly¡¡at¡¡the¡¡first¡¡tree£»¡¡whether¡¡it
belongs¡¡to¡¡him¡¡or¡¡to¡¡another¡¡proprietor¡£¡¡The¡¡ground¡¡sloped¡¡gradually¡¡to
the¡¡lowest¡¡level¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hollow¡¡about¡¡four¡¡hundred¡¡yards¡¡distant£»¡¡all¡¡of
which¡¡was¡¡in¡¡cultivation£»¡¡the¡¡broad¡­beans¡¡were¡¡in¡¡blossom£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡species
of¡¡trefoil¡¡was¡¡already¡¡eight¡¡or¡¡nine¡¡inches¡¡high¡¡£¨22nd¡¡February£©£»¡¡this
was¡¡in¡¡anticipation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡natural¡¡pasturage¡£

It¡¡was¡¡pitiable¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡wretched¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cattle¡¡throughout
this¡¡district£»¡¡the¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡rain¡¡had¡¡prevented¡¡the¡¡growth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡usual
herbaceous¡¡plants£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡animals¡¡were¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡seek¡¡unnatural¡¡food
produced¡¡in¡¡the¡¡stagnant¡¡swamps£»¡¡these¡¡were¡¡full¡¡of¡¡skeletons¡¡and
carcasses¡¡of¡¡oxen£»¡¡that¡¡afforded¡¡bones¡¡of¡¡contention¡¡for¡¡the¡¡numerous
village¡¡dogs¡¡who¡¡acted¡¡as¡¡scavengers¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡droves¡¡of¡¡oxen¡¡returned
from¡¡pasture¡¡every¡¡evening£»¡¡many¡¡were¡¡in¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡weakness¡¡that
scarcely¡¡allowed¡¡them¡¡step¡¡by¡¡step¡¡to¡¡ascend¡¡the¡¡rising¡¡ground£»¡¡all¡¡were
reduced¡¡to¡¡mere¡¡skin¡¡and¡¡bones£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡mercy¡¡to¡¡have
put¡¡them¡¡out¡¡of¡¡their¡¡misery¡£¡¡I¡¡was¡¡assured¡¡that£»¡¡¡¨the¡¡few¡¡whose
constitution¡¡could¡¡hold¡¡out¡¡for¡¡another¡¡six¡¡weeks¡¡would¡¡recover¡¡when¡¡the
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