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第14章

新东方白易礼语法笔记-第14章

小说: 新东方白易礼语法笔记 字数: 每页3500字

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  I don’t remember having talked with him before。   ??我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。
  恨不相逢未嫁时。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married。
  (2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时,动名词要用被动语态。例如:
  I could no longer stand being treated like that。  我再也不能忍受被那样对待。
  She was proud of having been trained in the U。K。 在英国受过训,她感到自豪。
  他不喜欢嘲笑别人。  →He doesn’t like laughing at others。
  他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at。
  (六)某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语,但意义有差别。
  (1)like; love; hate; prefer等表示喜爱,厌恶的动词后面,可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,意义差别不大。但当这些词前面有should或would时,一定要用动词不定式作宾语。表示想要,愿意,打算。例如:
  She likes dancing。 But she wouldn’t like to dance with you。 她喜欢跳舞。(泛指)但他不喜欢和你跳。(特指)
  He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him。 他看上去很累,我不想打扰他。
  I don’t like reading; but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight。 我不喜欢看书,但是今天晚上倒想躺在床上看本杂志。
  Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening。 小吉姆今晚喜欢被带去看戏。
  The reporter would /should like to see you again。 那位记者还想见见你。
  We don’t like talking about people behind their backs。我们不喜欢背后议论人。hate to do sth 表示“真不想做某事,(但不得不做)”。如:
  I hate to disturb you now; but I have no choice。  我真不想现在打扰你,但没有办法。
  (2) forget to do sth。忘记去做某事(未做)
  forget doing sth。忘记做过某事(已做)例如:
  The light in the office is still on。 She forgot to turn it off。 办公室的灯还在亮着。她忘记关了。(关灯的动作没做)
  The light in the office is off。 She turned it off; but she forgot turning it off。 办公室的灯没亮着。是她关的,但她忘记关过灯。(已关过灯,她忘了)
  她昨天又来还我二百元钱。她忘记上个月还我了。→She came to pay back RMB 200 to me again yesterday。 She forgot having paid it back to me last month。
  (3)remember to do sth。记着去做某事remember doing sth。 记得做过某事例如:
  Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? 你记得去年一次宴会上见过我吗?(已见过面)
  You must remember to leave tomorrow。  你一定要记着明天离开。(还没离开)
  (4)stop to do sth。 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth。 停止做某事例如:
  She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path。 她停下来,在路边的一块大石头上休息。
  As long as you live; your heart never stops beating; 只要你活着,你的心脏就永远不会停止跳动。
  (5) regret to do sth。 对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;regret doing sth。 对已做的事情表示后悔例如:
  I regret saying that。  ?我后悔说了那话。
  I regret to tell you the following truth。  ?我非常遗憾地告诉你下面这个事实。
  (6)try to do sth努力去做某事
  try doing sth。做某事试一试例如:
  You must try to do it again。 你必须想方设法再做一次。
  Let’s try doing the work in some other way。 咱们用另一种方法做这工作试试。
  (7) mean to do sth。 打算、意欲做某事
  mean doing sth。意味着做某事例如:
  If it means delaying more than a week; I’ll not wait。 如果这意味着拖延一个多星期,我就不等了。
  I mean to help you; and nothing else。  我想帮助你们,没别的。
  我不是想伤害你,对不起。→I didn’t mean to hurt you。 I’m sorry。
  宣布台独就是对中国宣战。→Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China。
  (8) go on to do sth。做了一件事又去做另一件
  go on doing sth继续做原来的事情例如:
  After he finished his maths; he went on to do his physics。  他作完数学后,接着又做物理。
  I hope it won’t go on raining all day long。     ?我希望这雨别一天下个没完。
  现在做一些练习:1.根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空:1)(游泳)is a very enjoyable exercise。 (Swimming)2) His work is (修自行车)。 (Repairing bicycles)3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork (吃肉)。 (for eating meat)4) We will only succeed by (努力工作)。 (working hard)5) I don' t want to force you into (做违反你愿意做的事情)。 (doing something against your will)6) Tom hates (早晨9点以后起床)。 (getting up before 9 o' clock)7) I could' t help (迟到)。 (being late)8) (等着没用) there won' t be another bus。 (It's no use waiting)9) Are you against (今天开会)。 (having the meeting today)10) Instead of (挨批评); she ought to be praised。 (being criticized)2。 用动名词结构将下列句子译成英语:1)她听见敲门声,停止了工作去开门。When she heard the knocking at the door; she stopped working to open the door。2)谢谢你给我写信。Thank you for writing to me。3)雨停了,太阳开始出来了。It stopped raining and the sun began to shine。4)希望你原谅我问了这么多问题。I hope you will excuse me for having asked all these questions。5)你要吃点什么,别不好意思说。If you want something to eat; don’t be shy of saying so。6)我一向很喜欢在这里工作。I have always enjoyed working here。7)我建议再等半个小时。I suggest waiting for another half an hour。8)我不得不认为(believe)又一不幸事件将要发生。I can’t help believing that another unlucky event will happen。9)我盼望着收到他的信。I am looking forward to receiving his letters。10)那辆汽车需要修理。That car wants fixing up (repairing)。11)我记得我们离开房间之前把灯关上了。I remember switching off the lights before we left the room。12)你对早起已经很习惯了。You are quite used to getting up early。13)中国球迷们正盼望见到这些足球明星。Chinese football (soccer) fans are looking forward to seeing the football stars。14)光线够好的,可以看书。The light is good enough for reading。15)作为一个中国人,他感到骄傲。He is proud of being a Chinese。16)我善于游泳。I am good at swimming。17)他尝试过(try one’s hand at)写一本书。He has tried his hand at writing a book。18)我真的记得去年和他见过面。I do remember meeting him last year。19)把门打开,让猫出去好吗?(Do you mind…)Do you mind opening the door to let the cat out?20)这个电影很值得一看。This film is well worth seeing。3。 用动词不定式或动名词填空:1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought。→ to see2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down。→ walking3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out。→  to see4) In 1969; the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface。→ sending; landing5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday。→ to put6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing。→  see7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak); we will ask him a question。→ speaking8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay)。→ go; to stay9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter。→  to give10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more。→ say; going11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside。→ playing12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine。→ to take13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter。→ take14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five。→ going15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen。→ wash16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse。→ saying17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it。→ steal18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job。→ to help19) You had better ____ (go) home now。 It looks like rain。→  go20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go)。→ know; to go21) He promised ___ (e) to our party。→ to e22) I forget ____ (see) you there。→ seeing23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday。→ to see24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier。→ letting
  三、分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
  作为谓语,现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。例如:I am reading a novel by Maupassant。 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)Mr。 Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already。 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now。 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。
  现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
  现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。
  过去分词只有一般式,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义,因而没有别的被动形式。例如:
  Having failed three times; he didn’t want to try again。 (=As he had failed three times; he didn’t want to try again。) 他失败了三次,不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)
  Walking along the sands; Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot。 (=While he was walking along the sands; Crusoe…) 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候,看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)
  The question being discussed seems important。 (=The question is being discussed。 It seems important。) 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
  The old days are gone。 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)
  I had my hair cut yesterday。  我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词,表示“被人理发”。)
  分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not; never等否定词构成。例如:
  Not fearing the fire; the child touched and got a finger burnt。 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
  Not knowing how to find the subway; I asked a policeman for help。 我不知道怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。
  (一)现在分词和过去分词的区别
  (1)在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之,现在分词是它修饰的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。例如:
  convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
  the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
  a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
  driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
  (2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。例如:
  the rising sun (正在升起的太阳) / the risen sun(升起的太阳)
  the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶)
  stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill…gotten wealth(不义之财)
  a high…flying kite(高飞的风筝)再看一些例子:
  boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
  (2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。再看一些例子:
  surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到)高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
  (3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。例如:
  His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失

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