wild wales-第95章
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on the other side of the valley; he shook his head and said he did
not know。 Near the top of the hill I came to a village consisting
of a few cottages and a shabby…looking church。 A rivulet
descending from some crags to the east crosses the road; which
leads through the place; and tumbling down the valley; joins the
Ystwyth at the bottom。 Seeing a woman standing at the door; I
inquired the name of the village。
〃Spytty Ystwyth;〃 she replied; but she; no more than the boy down
below; could tell me the name of the strange…looking hill across
the valley。 This second Spytty or monastic hospital; which I had
come to; looked in every respect an inferior place to the first。
Whatever its former state might have been; nothing but dirt and
wretchedness were now visible。 Having reached the top of the hill
I entered upon a wild moory region。 Presently I crossed a little
bridge over a rivulet; and seeing a small house on the shutter of
which was painted 〃cwrw;〃 I went in; sat down on an old chair;
which I found vacant; and said in English to an old woman who sat
knitting by the window: 〃Bring me a pint of ale!〃
〃Dim Saesneg!〃 said the old woman。
〃I told you to bring me a pint of ale;〃 said I to her in her own
language。
〃You shall have it immediately; sir;〃 said she; and going to a
cask; she filled a jug with ale; and after handing it to me resumed
her seat and knitting。
〃It is not very bad ale;〃 said I; after I had tasted it。
〃It ought to be very good;〃 said the old woman; 〃for I brewed it
myself。〃
〃The goodness of ale;〃 said I; 〃does not so much depend on who
brews it as on what it is brewed of。 Now there is something in
this ale which ought not to be。 What is it made of?〃
〃Malt and hop。〃
〃It tastes very bitter;〃 said I。 〃Is there no chwerwlys (13) in
it?〃
〃I do not know what chwerwlys is;〃 said the old woman。
〃It is what the Saxons call wormwood;〃 said I。
〃Oh; wermod。 No; there is no wermod in my beer; at least not
much。〃
〃Oh; then there is some; I thought there was。 Why do you put such
stuff into your ale?〃
〃We are glad to put it in sometimes when hops are dear; as they are
this year。 Moreover; wermod is not bad stuff; and some folks like
the taste better than that of hops。〃
〃Well; I don't。 However; the ale is drinkable。 What am I to give
you for the pint?〃
〃You are to give me a groat。〃
〃That is a great deal;〃 said I; 〃for a groat I ought to have a pint
of ale made of the best malt and hops。〃
〃I give you the best I can afford。 One must live by what one
sells。 I do not find that easy work。〃
〃Is this house your own?〃
〃Oh no! I pay rent for it; and not a cheap one。〃
〃Have you a husband?
〃I had; but he is dead。〃
〃Have you any children?〃
〃I had three; but they are dead too; and buried with my husband at
the monastery。〃
〃Where is the monastery?〃
〃A good way farther on; at the strath beyond Rhyd Fendigaid。〃
〃What is the name of the little river by the house?〃
〃Avon Marchnad (Market River)。〃
〃Why is it called Avon Marchnad?〃
〃Truly; gentleman; I cannot tell you。〃
I went on sipping my ale and finding fault with its bitterness till
I had finished it; when getting up I gave the old lady her groat;
bade her farewell; and departed。
CHAPTER XCI
Pont y Rhyd Fendigaid … Strata Florida … The Yew…Tree … Idolatry …
The Teivi … The Llostlydan。
AND now for the resting…place of Dafydd Ab Gwilym! After wandering
for some miles towards the south over a bleak moory country I came
to a place called Fair Rhos; a miserable village; consisting of a
few half…ruined cottages; situated on the top of a hill。 From the
hill I looked down on a wide valley of a russet colour; along which
a river ran towards the south。 The whole scene was cheerless。
Sullen hills were all around。 Descending the hill I entered a
large village divided into two by the river; which here runs from
east to west; but presently makes a turn。 There was much mire in
the street; immense swine lay in the mire; who turned up their
snouts at me as I passed。 Women in Welsh hats stood in the mire;
along with men without any hats at all; but with short pipes in
their mouths; they were talking together; as I passed; however;
they held their tongues; the women leering contemptuously at me;
the men glaring sullenly at me; and causing tobacco smoke curl in
my face; on my taking off my hat; however and inquiring the way to
the Monachlog; everybody was civil enough; and twenty voices told
me the way the Monastery。 I asked the name of the river:
〃The Teivi; sir: the Teivi。〃
〃The name of the bridge?〃
〃Pony y Rhyd Fendigaid … the Bridge of the Blessed Ford; sir。〃
I crossed the Bridge of the Blessed Ford; and presently leaving the
main road; I turned to the east by a dung…hill; up a narrow lane
parallel with the river。 After proceeding a mile up the lane;
amidst trees and copses; and crossing a little brook; which runs
into the Teivi; out of which I drank; I saw before me in the midst
of a field; in which were tombstones and broken ruins; a rustic…
looking church; a farm…house stood near it; in the garden of which
stood the framework of a large gateway。 I crossed over into the
churchyard; ascended a green mound; and looked about me。 I was now
in the very midst of the Monachlog Ystrad Flur; the celebrated
monastery of Strata Florida; to which in old times Popish pilgrims
from all parts of the world repaired。 The scene was solemn and
impressive: on the north side of the river a large bulky hill
looked down upon the ruins and the church; and on the south side;
some way behind the farm…house; was another which did the same。
Rugged mountains formed the background of the valley to the east;
down from which came murmuring the fleet but shallow Teivi。 Such
is the scenery which surrounds what remains of Strata Florida:
those scanty broken ruins compose all which remains of that
celebrated monastery; in which saints and mitred abbots were
buried; and in which; or in whose precincts; was buried Dafydd Ab
Gwilym; the greatest genius of the Cimbric race and one of the
first poets of the world。
After standing for some time on the mound I descended; and went up
to the church。 I found the door fastened; but obtained through a
window a tolerable view of the interior; which presented an
appearance of the greatest simplicity。 I then strolled about the
churchyard looking at the tombstones; which were humble enough and
for the most part modern。 I would give something; said I; to know
whereabouts in this neighbourhood Ab Gwilym lies。 That; however;
is a secret that no one can reveal to me。 At length I came to a
yew…tree which stood just by the northern wall; which is at a
slight distance from the Teivi。 It was one of two trees; both of
the same species; which stood in the churchyard; and appeared to be
the oldest of the two。 Who knows; said I; but this is the tree
that was planted over Ab Gwilym's grave; and to which Gruffydd Gryg
wrote an ode? I looked at it attentively; and thought that there
was just a possibility of its being the identical tree。 If it was;
however; the benison of Gruffydd Gryg had not had exactly the
effect which he intended; for either lightning or the force of wind
had splitten off a considerable part of the head and trunk; so that
though one part of it looked strong and blooming; the other was
white and spectral。 Nevertheless; relying on the possibility of
its being the sacred tree; I behaved just as I should have done had
I been quite certain of the fact。 Taking off my hat I knelt down
and kissed its root; repeating lines from Gruffydd Gryg; with which
I blended some of my own in order to accommodate what I said to
present circumstances:…
〃O tree of yew; which here I spy;
By Ystrad Flur's blest monast'ry;
Beneath thee lies; by cold Death bound;
The tongue for sweetness once renown'd。
Better for thee thy boughs to wave;
Though scath'd; above Ab Gwilym's grave;
Than stand in pristine glory drest
Where some ignobler bard doth rest;
I'd rather hear a taunting rhyme
From one who'll live through endless time;
Than hear my praises chanted loud
By poets of the vulgar crowd。〃
I had left the churchyard; and was standing near a kind of garden;
at some little distance from the farm…house; gazing about me and
meditating; when a man came up attended by a large dog。 He had
rather a youthful look; was of the middle size; and dark
complexioned。 He was respectably dressed; except that upon his
head he wore a common hairy cap。
〃Good evening;〃 said I to him in Welsh。
〃Good evening; gentleman;〃 said he in the same language。
〃Have you much English?〃 said I。
〃Very little; I can only speak a few words。〃
〃Are you the farmer?〃
〃Yes! I farm the greater part of the Strath。〃
〃I suppose the land is very good here?〃
〃Why do you suppose so?〃
〃Because the monks built their house here in the old time; and the
monks never built their houses except on good land。〃
〃Well; I must say the land is good; indeed I do not think there is
any so good in Shire Aberteifi。〃
〃I suppose you are surprised to see me here; I came to see the old
Monachlog。〃
〃Yes; gentleman; I saw you looking about it。〃
〃Am I welcome to see it?〃
〃Croesaw! gwr boneddig; croesaw! many; many welcomes to you;
gentleman!〃
〃Do many people come to see the monastery?〃
FARMER。 … Yes! many gentlefolks come to see it in the summer time。
MYSELF。 … It is a poor place now。
FARMER。 … Very poor; I wonder any gentlefolks come to look at it。
MYSELF。 … It was a wonderful place once; you merely see the ruins
of it now。 It was pulled down at the Reformation。
FARMER。 … Why was it pulled down then?
MYSELF。 … Because it was a house of idolatry to which people used
to resort by hundreds to worship images。 Had you lived at that
time you would have seen people down on their knees before stocks
and stones; worshipping them; kissing them; and repeating
pennillion to them。
FARMER。 … What fools! How thankful I am that I live in wiser days。
If such things were going on in the old Monachlog it was high time
to pull it down。
MYSELF。 … What kind of a rent do you pay for your land?
FARMER。 … Oh; rather a stiffish one。
MYSELF。 … Two pounds an acre?
FARMER。 … Two pound an acre! I wish I paid no more!
MYSELF。 … Well; I think that would be quite enough。 In the time of
the old monastery you might have had the land at two shillings an
acre。
FARMER。 … Might I? Then those couldn't have been such bad times;
after all。
MYSELF。 … I beg your pardon! They were horrible times … times in
which there were monks and friars and graven images; which people
kissed and worshipped and sang pennillion to。 Better pay three
pounds an acre and live on crusts and water in the present
enlightened days than pay two shillings an acre and sit down to
beef and ale three times a day in the old superstitious times。
FARMER。 … Well; I scarcely know what to say to that。
MYSELF。 … What do you call that high hill on the other side of the
river?