the essays of montaigne, v15-µÚ8ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
virtuous¡¡age¡¡of¡¡ours¡¡as¡¡at¡¡a¡¡peaceable¡¡and¡¡well¡composed¡¡marriage£¿¡¡¡¡Each
amongst¡¡you¡¡has¡¡made¡¡somebody¡¡cuckold£»¡¡and¡¡nature¡¡runs¡¡much¡¡in¡¡parallel£»
in¡¡compensation£»¡¡and¡¡turn¡¡for¡¡turn¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡frequency¡¡of¡¡this¡¡accident¡¡ought
long¡¡since¡¡to¡¡have¡¡made¡¡it¡¡more¡¡easy£»¡¡'tis¡¡now¡¡passed¡¡into¡¡custom¡£
Miserable¡¡passion£¡¡¡which¡¡has¡¡this¡¡also£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡incommunicable£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Fors¡¡etiam¡¡nostris¡¡invidit¡¡questibus¡¡aures£»¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨Fortune¡¡also¡¡refuses¡¡ear¡¡to¡¡our¡¡complaints¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Catullus£»¡¡lxvii¡££§
for¡¡to¡¡what¡¡friend¡¡dare¡¡you¡¡intrust¡¡your¡¡griefs£»¡¡who£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not
laugh¡¡at¡¡them£»¡¡will¡¡not¡¡make¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡get¡¡a¡¡share¡¡of¡¡the
quarry£¿¡¡¡¡The¡¡sharps£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡the¡¡sweets¡¡of¡¡marriage£»¡¡are¡¡kept¡¡secret
by¡¡the¡¡wise£»¡¡and¡¡amongst¡¡its¡¡other¡¡troublesome¡¡conditions¡¡this¡¡to¡¡a
prating¡¡fellow£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡am£»¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡chief£»¡¡that¡¡custom¡¡has¡¡rendered¡¡it
indecent¡¡and¡¡prejudicial¡¡to¡¡communicate¡¡to¡¡any¡¡one¡¡all¡¡that¡¡a¡¡man¡¡knows
and¡¡all¡¡that¡¡a¡¡man¡¡feels¡£¡¡¡¡To¡¡give¡¡women¡¡the¡¡same¡¡counsel¡¡against
jealousy¡¡would¡¡be¡¡so¡¡much¡¡time¡¡lost£»¡¡their¡¡very¡¡being¡¡is¡¡so¡¡made¡¡up¡¡of
suspicion£»¡¡vanity£»¡¡and¡¡curiosity£»¡¡that¡¡to¡¡cure¡¡them¡¡by¡¡any¡¡legitimate¡¡way
is¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡hoped¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡often¡¡recover¡¡of¡¡this¡¡infirmity¡¡by¡¡a¡¡form¡¡of
health¡¡much¡¡more¡¡to¡¡be¡¡feared¡¡than¡¡the¡¡disease¡¡itself£»¡¡for¡¡as¡¡there¡¡are
enchantments¡¡that¡¡cannot¡¡take¡¡away¡¡the¡¡evil¡¡but¡¡by¡¡throwing¡¡it¡¡upon
another£»¡¡they¡¡also¡¡willingly¡¡transfer¡¡this¡¡ever¡¡to¡¡their¡¡husbands£»¡¡when
they¡¡shake¡¡it¡¡off¡¡themselves¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡yet¡¡I¡¡know¡¡not£»¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡truth£»
whether¡¡a¡¡man¡¡can¡¡suffer¡¡worse¡¡from¡¡them¡¡than¡¡their¡¡jealousy£»¡¡'tis¡¡the
most¡¡dangerous¡¡of¡¡all¡¡their¡¡conditions£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡head¡¡is¡¡of¡¡all¡¡their
members¡£¡¡¡¡Pittacus¡¡used¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡£§Plutarch£»¡¡On¡¡Contentment£»¡¡c¡£¡¡II¡££§
that¡¡every¡¡one¡¡had¡¡his¡¡trouble£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡his¡¡was¡¡the¡¡jealous¡¡head¡¡of¡¡his
wife£»¡¡but¡¡for¡¡which¡¡he¡¡should¡¡think¡¡himself¡¡perfectly¡¡happy¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡mighty
inconvenience£»¡¡sure£»¡¡which¡¡could¡¡poison¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡life¡¡of¡¡so¡¡just£»¡¡so
wise£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡valiant¡¡a¡¡man£»¡¡what¡¡must¡¡we¡¡other¡¡little¡¡fellows¡¡do£¿¡¡¡¡The
senate¡¡of¡¡Marseilles¡¡had¡¡reason¡¡to¡¡grant¡¡him¡¡his¡¡request¡¡who¡¡begged¡¡leave
to¡¡kill¡¡himself¡¡that¡¡he¡¡might¡¡be¡¡delivered¡¡from¡¡the¡¡clamour¡¡of¡¡his¡¡wife£»
for¡¡'tis¡¡a¡¡mischief¡¡that¡¡is¡¡never¡¡removed¡¡but¡¡by¡¡removing¡¡the¡¡whole
piece£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡has¡¡no¡¡remedy¡¡but¡¡flight¡¡or¡¡patience£»¡¡though¡¡both¡¡of¡¡them
very¡¡hard¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was£»¡¡methinks£»¡¡an¡¡understanding¡¡fellow¡¡who¡¡said£»¡¡'twas¡¡a
happy¡¡marriage¡¡betwixt¡¡a¡¡blind¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡a¡¡deaf¡¡husband¡£
Let¡¡us¡¡also¡¡consider¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡great¡¡and¡¡violent¡¡severity¡¡of¡¡obligation
we¡¡enjoin¡¡them¡¡does¡¡not¡¡produce¡¡two¡¡effects¡¡contrary¡¡to¡¡our¡¡design
namely£»¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡render¡¡the¡¡pursuants¡¡more¡¡eager¡¡to¡¡attack£»
and¡¡the¡¡women¡¡more¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡yield¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡first£»¡¡by¡¡raising¡¡the
value¡¡of¡¡the¡¡place£»¡¡we¡¡raise¡¡the¡¡value¡¡and¡¡the¡¡desire¡¡of¡¡the¡¡conquest¡£
Might¡¡it¡¡not¡¡be¡¡Venus¡¡herself£»¡¡who¡¡so¡¡cunningly¡¡enhanced¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡her
merchandise£»¡¡by¡¡making¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡her¡¡bawds£»¡¡knowing¡¡how¡¡insipid¡¡a¡¡delight
it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡that¡¡was¡¡not¡¡heightened¡¡by¡¡fancy¡¡and¡¡hardness¡¡to¡¡achieve£¿
In¡¡short£»¡¡'tis¡¡all¡¡swine's¡¡flesh£»¡¡varied¡¡by¡¡sauces£»¡¡as¡¡Flaminius'¡¡host
said¡£¡¡¡¡Cupid¡¡is¡¡a¡¡roguish¡¡god£»¡¡who¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡his¡¡sport¡¡to¡¡contend¡¡with
devotion¡¡and¡¡justice£º¡¡'tis¡¡his¡¡glory¡¡that¡¡his¡¡power¡¡mates¡¡all¡¡powers£»¡¡and
that¡¡all¡¡other¡¡rules¡¡give¡¡place¡¡to¡¡his£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Materiam¡¡culpae¡¡prosequiturque¡¡suae¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨And¡¡seeks¡¡out¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡£¨motive£©¡¡for¡¡his¡¡crimes¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ovid£»¡¡Trist¡££»¡¡iv¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡34¡££§
As¡¡to¡¡the¡¡second¡¡point£»¡¡should¡¡we¡¡not¡¡be¡¡less¡¡cuckolds£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡less¡¡feared
to¡¡be¡¡so£¿¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡humour¡¡of¡¡women¡¡whom¡¡interdiction¡¡incites£»¡¡and
who¡¡are¡¡more¡¡eager£»¡¡being¡¡forbidden£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Ubi¡¡velis£»¡¡nolunt£»¡¡ubi¡¡nolis£»¡¡volunt¡¡ultro£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Concessa¡¡pudet¡¡ire¡¡via¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨Where¡¡thou¡¡wilt£»¡¡they¡¡won't£»¡¡where¡¡thou¡¡wilt¡¡not£»¡¡they
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spontaneously¡¡agree£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡ashamed¡¡to¡¡go¡¡in¡¡the¡¡permitted¡¡path¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Terence£»¡¡Eunuchus£»¡¡act¡¡iv¡££»¡¡sc¡£¡¡8£»¡¡v¡¡¡¡43£§
What¡¡better¡¡interpretation¡¡can¡¡we¡¡make¡¡of¡¡Messalina's¡¡behaviour£¿¡¡¡¡She£»
at¡¡first£»¡¡made¡¡her¡¡husband¡¡a¡¡cuckold¡¡in¡¡private£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡the¡¡common¡¡use£»
but£»¡¡bringing¡¡her¡¡business¡¡about¡¡with¡¡too¡¡much¡¡ease£»¡¡by¡¡reason¡¡of¡¡her
husband's¡¡stupidity£»¡¡she¡¡soon¡¡scorned¡¡that¡¡way£»¡¡and¡¡presently¡¡fell¡¡to
making¡¡open¡¡love£»¡¡to¡¡own¡¡her¡¡lovers£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡favour¡¡and¡¡entertain¡¡them¡¡in
the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡all£º¡¡she¡¡would¡¡make¡¡him¡¡know¡¡and¡¡see¡¡how¡¡she¡¡used¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡This
animal£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡roused¡¡with¡¡all¡¡this£»¡¡and¡¡rendering¡¡her¡¡pleasures¡¡dull
and¡¡flat¡¡by¡¡his¡¡too¡¡stupid¡¡facility£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡he¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡authorise¡¡and
make¡¡them¡¡lawful£»¡¡what¡¡does¡¡she£¿¡¡¡¡Being¡¡the¡¡wife¡¡of¡¡a¡¡living¡¡and
healthful¡¡emperor£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Rome£»¡¡the¡¡theatre¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡face¡¡of
the¡¡sun£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡solemn¡¡ceremony£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡Silius£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡long¡¡before
enjoyed¡¡her£»¡¡she¡¡publicly¡¡marries¡¡herself¡¡one¡¡day¡¡that¡¡her¡¡husband¡¡was
gone¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡£¡¡¡¡Does¡¡it¡¡not¡¡seem¡¡as¡¡if¡¡she¡¡was¡¡going¡¡to¡¡become
chaste¡¡by¡¡her¡¡husband's¡¡negligence£¿¡¡or¡¡that¡¡she¡¡sought¡¡another¡¡husband
who¡¡might¡¡sharpen¡¡her¡¡appetite¡¡by¡¡his¡¡jealousy£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡by¡¡watching
should¡¡incite¡¡her£¿¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡first¡¡difficulty¡¡she¡¡met¡¡with¡¡was¡¡also¡¡the
last£º¡¡this¡¡beast¡¡suddenly¡¡roused¡¡these¡¡sleepy£»¡¡sluggish¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡men¡¡are
often¡¡the¡¡most¡¡dangerous£º¡¡I¡¡have¡¡found¡¡by¡¡experience¡¡that¡¡this¡¡extreme
toleration£»¡¡when¡¡it¡¡comes¡¡to¡¡dissolve£»¡¡produces¡¡the¡¡most¡¡severe¡¡revenge£»
for¡¡taking¡¡fire¡¡on¡¡a¡¡sudden£»¡¡anger¡¡and¡¡fury¡¡being¡¡combined¡¡in¡¡one£»
discharge¡¡their¡¡utmost¡¡force¡¡at¡¡the¡¡first¡¡onset£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Irarumque¡¡omnes¡¡effundit¡¡habenas£º¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨He¡¡let¡¡loose¡¡his¡¡whole¡¡¡¡fury¡£¡¨AEneid£»¡¡xii¡£¡¡499¡££§
he¡¡put¡¡her¡¡to¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡her¡¡a¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡those¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡she
had¡¡intelligence£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡who¡¡could¡¡not¡¡help¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡whom
she¡¡had¡¡caused¡¡to¡¡be¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡her¡¡bed¡¡with¡¡scourges¡£
What¡¡Virgil¡¡says¡¡of¡¡Venus¡¡and¡¡Vulcan£»¡¡Lucretius¡¡had¡¡better¡¡expressed¡¡of¡¡a
stolen¡¡enjoyment¡¡betwixt¡¡her¡¡and¡¡Mars£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Belli¡¡fera¡¡moenera¡¡Mavors
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Armipotens¡¡regit£»¡¡ingremium¡¡qui¡¡saepe¡¡tuum¡¡se
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rejictt£»¡¡aeterno¡¡devinctus¡¡vulnere¡¡amoris
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pascit¡¡amore¡¡avidos¡¡inhians¡¡in¡¡te£»¡¡Dea£»¡¡visus£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Eque¡¡tuo¡¡pendet¡¡resupini¡¡spiritus¡¡ore
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hunc¡¡tu£»¡¡Diva£»¡¡tuo¡¡recubantem¡¡corpore¡¡sancto
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Circumfusa¡¡super£»¡¡suaveis¡¡ex¡¡ore¡¡loquelas
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Funde¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨Mars£»¡¡the¡¡god¡¡of¡¡wars£»¡¡who¡¡controls¡¡the¡¡cruel¡¡tasks¡¡of¡¡war£»¡¡often
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reclines¡¡on¡¡thy¡¡bosom£»¡¡and¡¡greedily¡¡drinks¡¡love¡¡at¡¡both¡¡his¡¡eyes£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vanquished¡¡by¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡wound¡¡of¡¡love£º¡¡and¡¡his¡¡breath£»¡¡as¡¡he
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reclines£»¡¡hangs¡¡on¡¡thy¡¡lips£»¡¡bending¡¡thy¡¡head¡¡over¡¡him¡¡as¡¡he¡¡lies
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡thy¡¡sacred¡¡person£»¡¡pour¡¡forth¡¡sweet¡¡and¡¡persuasive¡¡words¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Lucretius£»¡¡i¡£¡¡23¡££§
When¡¡I¡¡consider¡¡this¡¡rejicit£»¡¡fiascit£»¡¡inhians£»¡¡ynolli£»¡¡fovet£»¡¡medullas£»
labefacta£»¡¡pendet£»¡¡percurrit£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡noble¡¡circumfusa£»¡¡mother¡¡of¡¡the
pretty¡¡infuses£»¡¡I¡¡disdain¡¡those¡¡little¡¡quibbles¡¡and¡¡verbal¡¡allusions¡¡that
have¡¡since¡¡sprung¡¡up¡£¡¡¡¡Those¡¡worthy¡¡people¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡need¡¡of¡¡no¡¡subtlety
to¡¡disguise¡¡their¡¡meaning£»¡¡their¡¡language¡¡is¡¡downright£»¡¡and¡¡full¡¡of
natural¡¡and¡¡continued¡¡vigour£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡all¡¡epigram£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡the¡¡tail£»
but¡¡the¡¡head£»¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡feet¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡forced£»¡¡nothing
languishing£»¡¡but¡¡everything¡¡keeps¡¡the¡¡same¡¡pace£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Contextus¡¡totes¡¡virilis¡¡est£»¡¡non¡¡sunt¡¡circa¡¡flosculos¡¡occupati¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨The¡¡whole¡¡contexture¡¡is¡¡manly£»¡¡they¡¡don't¡¡occupy¡¡themselves¡¡with
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡flowers¡¡of¡¡rhetoric¡£¡¨Seneca£»¡¡Ep¡££»¡¡33¡££§
'Tis¡¡not¡¡a¡¡soft¡¡eloquence£»¡¡and¡¡without¡¡offence¡¡only£»¡¡'tis¡¡nervous¡¡and
solid£»¡¡that¡¡does¡¡not¡¡so¡¡much¡¡please£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡fills¡¡and¡¡ravishes¡¡the
greatest¡¡minds¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡I¡¡see¡¡these¡¡brave¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡expression£»¡¡so¡¡lively£»
so¡¡profound£»¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡say¡¡that¡¡'tis¡¡well¡¡said£»¡¡but¡¡well¡¡thought¡£¡¡¡¡'Tis
the¡¡sprightliness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡imagination¡¡that¡¡swells¡¡and¡¡elevates¡¡the¡¡words£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Pectus¡¡est¡¡quod¡¡disertum¡¡Tacit¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§¡¨The¡¡heart¡¡makes¡¡the¡¡man¡¡eloquent¡£¡¨Quintilian£»¡¡x¡£¡¡7¡££§
Our¡¡people¡¡call¡¡language£»¡¡judgment£»¡¡and¡¡fine¡¡words£»¡¡full¡¡conceptions¡£
This¡¡painting¡¡is¡¡not¡¡so¡¡much¡¡carried¡¡on¡¡by¡¡dexterity¡¡of¡¡hand¡¡as¡¡by¡¡having
the¡¡object¡¡more¡¡vividly¡¡imprinted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡£¡¡¡¡Gallus¡¡speaks¡¡simply
because¡¡he¡¡conceives¡¡simply£º¡¡Horace¡¡does¡¡not¡¡content¡¡himself¡¡with¡¡a
superficial¡¡expression£»¡¡that¡¡would¡¡betray¡¡him£»¡¡he¡¡sees¡¡farther¡¡and¡¡more
clearly¡¡into¡¡things£»¡¡his¡¡mind¡¡breaks¡¡into¡¡and¡¡rummages¡¡all¡¡the¡¡magazine
of¡¡words¡¡and¡¡figures¡¡wherewith¡¡to¡¡express¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡must¡¡have¡¡them
more¡¡than¡¡ordinary£»¡¡because¡¡his¡¡conception¡¡is¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡Plutarch¡¡says'¡¡that¡¡he
sees¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡tongue¡¡by¡¡the¡¡things£º¡¡'tis¡¡here¡¡the¡¡same£º¡¡the¡¡sense
illuminates¡¡and¡¡produces¡¡the¡¡words£»¡¡no¡¡more¡¡words¡¡of¡¡air£»¡¡but¡¡of¡¡flesh
and¡¡bone£»¡¡they¡¡signify¡¡more¡¡than¡¡they¡¡say¡£¡¡¡¡Moreover£»¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡not
well¡¡skilled¡¡in¡¡a¡¡language¡¡present¡¡some¡¡image¡¡of¡¡this£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡Italy¡¡I
said¡¡whatever¡¡I¡¡had¡¡a¡¡mind¡¡to¡¡in¡¡common¡¡discourse£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡more¡¡serious
talk£»¡¡I¡¡durst¡¡not¡¡have¡¡trusted¡¡myself¡¡with¡¡an¡¡idiom¡¡that¡¡I¡¡could¡¡not¡¡wind
and¡¡turn¡¡out¡¡of¡¡its¡¡ordinary¡¡pace£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡have¡¡a¡¡power¡¡of¡¡introducing
something¡¡of¡¡my¡¡own¡£
The¡¡handling¡¡and¡¡utterance¡¡of¡¡fine¡¡wits¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡sets¡¡off¡¡language£»
not¡¡so¡¡much¡¡by¡¡innovating¡¡it£»¡¡as¡¡by¡¡putting¡¡it¡¡to¡¡more¡¡vigorous¡¡and
various¡¡services£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡straining£»¡¡bending£»¡¡and¡¡adapting¡¡it¡¡to¡¡them¡£
They¡¡do¡¡not¡¡create¡¡words£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡enrich¡¡their¡¡own£»¡¡and¡¡give¡¡them¡¡weight
and¡¡signification¡¡by¡¡the¡¡uses¡¡they¡¡put¡¡them¡¡to£»¡¡and¡¡teach¡¡them¡¡unwonted
motions£»¡¡but¡¡withal¡¡ingeniously¡¡and¡¡discreetly¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡how¡¡little¡¡this
talent¡¡is¡¡given¡¡to¡¡all¡¡is¡¡manifest¡¡by¡¡the¡¡many¡¡French¡¡scribblers¡¡of¡¡this
age£º¡¡they¡¡are¡¡bold¡¡and¡¡proud¡¡enough¡¡not¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡common¡¡road£»¡¡but
want¡¡of¡¡invention¡¡and¡¡discretion¡¡ruins¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡seen¡¡in
their¡¡writings¡¡but¡¡a¡¡wretched¡¡affectation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡strange¡¡new¡¡style£»¡¡with
cold¡¡and¡¡absurd¡¡disguises£»¡¡which£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡elevating£»¡¡depress¡¡the
matter£º¡¡provided¡¡they¡¡can¡¡but¡¡trick¡¡themselves¡¡out¡¡with¡¡new¡¡words£»¡¡they
care¡¡not¡¡what¡¡they¡¡signify£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡in¡¡a¡¡new¡¡word¡¡by¡¡the¡¡head¡¡and
shoulders£»¡¡they¡¡leave¡¡the¡¡old¡¡one£»¡¡very¡¡often¡¡more¡¡sinewy¡¡and¡¡significant
than¡¡the¡¡other¡£
There¡¡is¡¡stuff¡¡enough¡¡in¡¡our¡¡language£»¡¡but¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡defect¡¡in¡¡cutting
out£º¡¡for¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡that¡¡might¡¡not¡¡be¡¡made¡¡out¡¡of¡¡our¡¡terms¡¡of
hunting¡¡and¡¡war£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡a¡¡fruitful¡¡soil¡¡to¡¡borrow¡¡from£»¡¡and¡¡forms¡¡of
speaking£»¡¡like¡¡herbs£»¡¡improve¡¡and¡¡grow¡¡stronger¡¡by¡¡being¡¡transplanted¡£
I¡¡find¡¡it¡¡sufficiently¡¡abundant£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡sufficiently¡¡pliable¡¡and
vigorous£»¡¡it¡¡commonly¡¡quails¡¡under¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡conception£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡would
maintain¡¡the¡¡dignity¡¡of¡¡your¡¡style£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡often¡¡perceive¡¡it¡¡to¡¡flag
and¡¡languish¡¡under¡¡you£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡Latin¡¡steps¡¡in¡¡to¡¡its¡¡relief£»¡¡as¡¡Greek
does¡¡to¡¡others¡£¡¡¡¡Of¡¡some¡¡of¡¡these¡¡words¡¡I¡¡have¡¡just¡¡picked¡¡out¡¡we¡¡do¡¡not
so¡¡easily¡¡discern¡¡the¡¡energy£»¡¡by¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡the¡¡frequent¡¡use¡¡of¡¡them¡¡has
in¡¡some¡¡sort¡¡abased¡¡their¡¡beauty£»¡¡and¡¡rendered¡¡it¡¡common£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡our
ordinary¡¡language¡¡there¡¡are¡¡many¡¡excellent¡¡phrases¡¡and¡¡metaphors¡¡to¡¡be
met¡¡with£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡beauty¡¡is¡¡withered¡¡by¡¡age£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡colour¡¡is
sullied¡¡by¡¡too¡¡common¡¡handling£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡lessens¡¡the¡¡relish¡¡to¡¡an
understanding¡¡man£»¡¡nor¡¡does¡¡it¡¡derogate¡¡from¡¡the¡¡glory¡¡of¡¡those¡¡ancient
authors¡¡who£»¡¡'tis¡¡likely£»¡¡first¡¡brought¡¡those¡¡words¡¡into¡¡that¡¡lustre¡£
The¡¡sciences¡¡treat¡¡of¡¡things¡¡too¡¡refinedly£»¡¡after¡¡an¡¡artificial£»¡¡very
different¡¡from¡¡the¡¡common¡¡and¡¡natural£»¡¡way¡£¡¡¡¡My¡¡page¡¡makes¡¡lo