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to¡¡belong¡¡essentially¡¡to¡¡that¡¡type¡£¡¡It¡¡has¡¡often¡¡occurred¡¡to¡¡me






that¡¡Indian¡¡functionaries£»¡¡in¡¡their¡¡vehement¡¡controversies¡¡about






the¡¡respective¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡the¡¡various¡¡classes¡¡which¡¡make¡¡up¡¡the






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advantage¡£






¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡commencements¡¡of¡¡nobility¡¡as¡¡that¡¡to¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡just






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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡break¡­up¡¡of¡¡the¡¡feudal¡¡group£»¡¡far¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡most






European¡¡countries£»¡¡and¡¡complete¡¡in¡¡France¡¡and¡¡England£»¡¡has






brought¡¡us¡¡to¡¡the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡society¡¡in¡¡which¡¡we¡¡live¡£¡¡To¡¡write¡¡its






course¡¡and¡¡causes¡¡would¡¡be¡¡to¡¡re¡­write¡¡most¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡history£»






economical¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡political¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not£»¡¡however£»¡¡difficult¡¡to






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should¡¡not¡¡have¡¡had¡¡those¡¡theories¡¡which¡¡are¡¡the¡¡foundation¡¡of






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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡saying¡¡that¡¡the¡¡now¡¡abundant¡¡phenomena¡¡of¡¡primitive






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needed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡student¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ancient¡¡Laws¡¡of¡¡Ireland¡£¡¡Dr






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of¡¡O'Curry¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡spoken£»¡¡dwells¡¡with¡¡great¡¡emphasis¡¡on






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I¡¡think£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡primitive¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡kinship£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡cement






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and¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡stamped¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Brehon¡¡law¡¡even¡¡more¡¡clearly¡¡than






it¡¡is¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡land¡­law¡¡of¡¡India¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡perfectly¡¡true






that¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡private¡¡ownership¡¡in¡¡land¡¡which¡¡grew¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the






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is¡¡in¡¡some¡¡respects¡¡even¡¡more¡¡stringent¡¡than¡¡that¡¡exercised¡¡over






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that¡¡another¡¡form¡¡of¡¡ownership¡¡in¡¡land£»¡¡that¡¡which¡¡had¡¡its¡¡origin






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has¡¡also¡¡begun¡¡to¡¡show¡¡itself£»¡¡yet£»¡¡though¡¡the¡¡Chief¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Clan






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information¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡tracts¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡supply






concerning¡¡the¡¡process¡¡of¡¡ascent¡£






¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡first¡¡instructive¡¡fact¡¡which¡¡strikes¡¡us¡¡on¡¡the¡¡threshold






of¡¡the¡¡Brehon¡¡law¡¡is£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡same¡¡word£»¡¡'Fine£»'¡¡or¡¡Family£»¡¡is






applied¡¡to¡¡all¡¡the¡¡subdivisions¡¡of¡¡Irish¡¡s

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