°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > mark twain, a biography, 1900-1907 >

µÚ2ÕÂ

mark twain, a biography, 1900-1907-µÚ2ÕÂ

С˵£º mark twain, a biography, 1900-1907 ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡it¡¡that¡¡freedom¡¡should¡¡exist£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡within¡¡our¡¡own
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gates£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡our¡¡own¡¡neighborhood¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡set¡¡Cuba¡¡free¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡placed¡¡her¡¡among¡¡the¡¡galaxy¡¡of¡¡free¡¡nations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡¡¡We
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡started¡¡out¡¡to¡¡set¡¡those¡¡poor¡¡Filipinos¡¡free£»¡¡but¡¡why¡¡that¡¡righteous
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plan¡¡miscarried¡¡perhaps¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡never¡¡know¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡also¡¡been
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡a¡¡creditable¡¡showing¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡is¡¡more¡¡than¡¡all¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡powers¡¡can¡¡say¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¨Yellow¡¡Terror¡¨¡¡is¡¡threatening¡¡the¡¡world£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡happens¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡says¡¡that¡¡it¡¡has¡¡had¡¡no
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡in¡¡it¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Since¡¡I¡¡have¡¡been¡¡away¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡nursing¡¡free¡¡silver¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡watched¡¡by¡¡its¡¡cradle£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡done¡¡our¡¡best¡¡to¡¡raise¡¡that¡¡child£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡every¡¡time¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡getting¡¡along¡¡nicely¡¡along¡¡came¡¡some
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pestiferous¡¡Republican¡¡and¡¡gave¡¡it¡¡the¡¡measles¡¡or¡¡something¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡fear
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡will¡¡never¡¡raise¡¡that¡¡child¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We've¡¡done¡¡more¡¡than¡¡that¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡elected¡¡a¡¡President¡¡four¡¡years¡¡ago¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We've¡¡found¡¡fault¡¡and¡¡criticized¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡here¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡ago¡¡we
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡and¡¡elect¡¡him¡¡for¡¡another¡¡four¡¡years£»¡¡with¡¡votes¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡spare
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡do¡¡it¡¡over¡¡again¡£

One¡¡club¡¡followed¡¡another¡¡in¡¡honoring¡¡Mark¡¡Twainthe¡¡Aldine£»¡¡the¡¡St¡£¡¡
Nicholas£»¡¡the¡¡Press¡¡clubs£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡associations¡¡and¡¡societies¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡old
friends¡¡were¡¡at¡¡these¡¡dinnersHowells£»¡¡Aldrich£»¡¡Depew£»¡¡Rogers£»
ex¡­Speaker¡¡Reedand¡¡they¡¡praised¡¡him¡¡and¡¡gibed¡¡him¡¡to¡¡his¡¡and¡¡their
hearts'¡¡content¡£

It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡political¡¡year£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡generally¡¡had¡¡something¡¡to¡¡say¡¡on¡¡matters
municipal£»¡¡national£»¡¡or¡¡international£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡spoke¡¡out¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more
freely£»¡¡as¡¡with¡¡each¡¡opportunity¡¡he¡¡warmed¡¡more¡¡righteously¡¡to¡¡his
subject¡£

At¡¡the¡¡dinner¡¡given¡¡to¡¡him¡¡by¡¡the¡¡St¡£¡¡Nicholas¡¡Club¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡with¡¡deep
irony£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Gentlemen£»¡¡you¡¡have¡¡here¡¡the¡¡best¡¡municipal¡¡government¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡fragrant¡¡and¡¡the¡¡purest¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡very¡¡angels¡¡of¡¡heaven
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡envy¡¡you¡¡and¡¡wish¡¡they¡¡had¡¡a¡¡government¡¡like¡¡it¡¡up¡¡there¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡got
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡by¡¡your¡¡noble¡¡fidelity¡¡to¡¡civic¡¡duty£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡stern¡¡and¡¡ever
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡watchful¡¡exercise¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡powers¡¡lodged¡¡in¡¡you¡¡as¡¡lovers¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡guardians¡¡of¡¡your¡¡city£»¡¡by¡¡your¡¡manly¡¡refusal¡¡to¡¡sit¡¡inert¡¡when¡¡base
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡would¡¡have¡¡invaded¡¡her¡¡high¡¡places¡¡and¡¡possessed¡¡them£»¡¡by¡¡your
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡instant¡¡retaliation¡¡when¡¡any¡¡insult¡¡was¡¡offered¡¡you¡¡in¡¡her¡¡person£»
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡any¡¡assault¡¡was¡¡made¡¡upon¡¡her¡¡fair¡¡fame¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡you¡¡who¡¡have¡¡made
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡government¡¡what¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡you¡¡who¡¡have¡¡made¡¡it¡¡the¡¡envy¡¡and
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡despair¡¡of¡¡the¡¡other¡¡capitals¡¡of¡¡the¡¡worldand¡¡God¡¡bless¡¡you¡¡for
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡God¡¡bless¡¡you£¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡when¡¡you¡¡get¡¡to¡¡heaven¡¡at¡¡last
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they'll¡¡say¡¡with¡¡joy£»¡¡¡¨Oh£»¡¡there¡¡they¡¡come£»¡¡the¡¡representatives¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡perfectest¡¡citizenship¡¡in¡¡the¡¡universe¡¡show¡¡them¡¡the¡¡archangel's
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡box¡¡and¡¡turn¡¡on¡¡the¡¡limelight£¡¡¨

Those¡¡hearers¡¡who¡¡in¡¡former¡¡years¡¡had¡¡been¡¡indifferent¡¡to¡¡Mark¡¡Twain's
more¡¡serious¡¡purpose¡¡began¡¡to¡¡realize¡¡that£»¡¡whatever¡¡he¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been
formerly£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡now¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡fun¡­maker£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡deep¡¡and
grave¡¡convictions£»¡¡able¡¡to¡¡give¡¡them¡¡the¡¡fullest¡¡and¡¡most¡¡forcible
expression¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡still¡¡might¡¡make¡¡them¡¡laugh£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡also¡¡made¡¡them¡¡think£»
and¡¡he¡¡stirred¡¡them¡¡to¡¡a¡¡truer¡¡gospel¡¡of¡¡patriotism¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡did¡¡not¡¡preach¡¡a
patriotism¡¡that¡¡meant¡¡a¡¡boisterous¡¡cheering¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Stars¡¡and¡¡Stripes
right¡¡or¡¡wrong£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡patriotism¡¡that¡¡proposed¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡Stars¡¡and
Stripes¡¡clean¡¡and¡¡worth¡¡shouting¡¡for¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡an¡¡article£»¡¡perhaps¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a
speech£»¡¡begun¡¡at¡¡this¡¡time¡¡he¡¡wrote£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡teach¡¡the¡¡boys¡¡to¡¡atrophy¡¡their¡¡independence¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡teach¡¡them¡¡to
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡their¡¡patriotism¡¡at¡¡second¡­hand£»¡¡to¡¡shout¡¡with¡¡the¡¡largest
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡crowd¡¡without¡¡examining¡¡into¡¡the¡¡right¡¡or¡¡wrong¡¡of¡¡the¡¡matter
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exactly¡¡as¡¡boys¡¡under¡¡monarchies¡¡are¡¡taught¡¡and¡¡have¡¡always¡¡been
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡taught¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡teach¡¡them¡¡to¡¡regard¡¡as¡¡traitors£»¡¡and¡¡hold¡¡in¡¡aversion
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡contempt£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡do¡¡not¡¡shout¡¡with¡¡the¡¡crowd£»¡¡&¡¡so¡¡here¡¡in¡¡our
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡democracy¡¡we¡¡are¡¡cheering¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡which¡¡of¡¡all¡¡things¡¡is¡¡most
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡to¡¡it¡¡&¡¡out¡¡of¡¡placethe¡¡delivery¡¡of¡¡our¡¡political
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conscience¡¡into¡¡somebody¡¡else's¡¡keeping¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡patriotism¡¡on¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Russian¡¡plan¡£

Howells¡¡tells¡¡of¡¡discussing¡¡these¡¡vital¡¡matters¡¡with¡¡him¡¡in¡¡¡¨an¡¡upper
room£»¡¨¡¡looking¡¡south¡¡over¡¡a¡¡quiet£»¡¡open¡¡space¡¡o£¿back¡¡yards¡¡where£»¡¨¡¡he
says£»¡¡¡¨we¡¡fought¡¡our¡¡battles¡¡in¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Filipinos¡¡and¡¡Boers£»¡¡and¡¡he
carried¡¡on¡¡his¡¡campaign¡¡against¡¡the¡¡missionaries¡¡in¡¡China¡£¡¨

Howells¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡expressed¡¡an¡¡amused¡¡fear¡¡that¡¡Mark¡¡Twain's
countrymen£»¡¡who¡¡in¡¡former¡¡years¡¡had¡¡expected¡¡him¡¡to¡¡be¡¡merely¡¡a¡¡humorist£»
should¡¡now£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡light¡¡of¡¡his¡¡wider¡¡acceptance¡¡abroad£»¡¡demand¡¡that¡¡he
be¡¡mainly¡¡serious¡£

But¡¡the¡¡American¡¡people¡¡were¡¡quite¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡him¡¡in¡¡any¡¡of¡¡his
phases£»¡¡fully¡¡realizing¡¡that¡¡whatever¡¡his¡¡philosophy¡¡or¡¡doctrine¡¡it¡¡would
have¡¡somewhat¡¡of¡¡the¡¡humorous¡¡form£»¡¡and¡¡whatever¡¡his¡¡humor£»¡¡there¡¡would
somewhere¡¡be¡¡wisdom¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡in¡¡reality¡¡changed¡¡little£»¡¡for¡¡a
generation¡¡he¡¡had¡¡thought¡¡the¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡things¡¡which¡¡he¡¡now£»¡¡with¡¡advanced
years¡¡and¡¡a¡¡different¡¡audience£»¡¡felt¡¡warranted¡¡in¡¡uttering¡¡openly¡£¡¡¡¡The
man¡¡who¡¡in¡¡'64¡¡had¡¡written¡¡against¡¡corruption¡¡in¡¡San¡¡Francisco£»¡¡who¡¡a¡¡few
years¡¡later¡¡had¡¡defended¡¡the¡¡emigrant¡¡Chinese¡¡against¡¡persecution£»¡¡who¡¡at
the¡¡meetings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Monday¡¡Evening¡¡Club¡¡had¡¡denounced¡¡hypocrisy¡¡in
politics£»¡¡morals£»¡¡and¡¡national¡¡issues£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡need¡¡to¡¡change¡¡to¡¡be¡¡able
to¡¡speak¡¡out¡¡against¡¡similar¡¡abuses¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡a¡¡newer¡¡generation¡¡as
willing¡¡to¡¡herald¡¡Mark¡¡Twain¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sage¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡a¡¡humorist£»¡¡and¡¡on
occasion¡¡to¡¡quite¡¡overlook¡¡the¡¡absence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cap¡¡and¡¡bells¡£




CCXIII

MARK¡¡TWAINGENERAL¡¡SPOKESMAN

Clemens¡¡did¡¡not¡¡confine¡¡his¡¡speeches¡¡altogether¡¡to¡¡matters¡¡of¡¡reform¡£¡¡¡¡At
a¡¡dinner¡¡given¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Nineteenth¡¡Century¡¡Club¡¡in¡¡November£»¡¡1900£»¡¡he¡¡spoke
on¡¡the¡¡¡¨Disappearance¡¡of¡¡Literature£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡close¡¡of¡¡the¡¡discussion
of¡¡that¡¡subject£»¡¡referring¡¡to¡¡Milton¡¡and¡¡Scott£»¡¡he¡¡said£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Professor¡¡Winchester¡¡also¡¡said¡¡something¡¡about¡¡there¡¡being¡¡no¡¡modern
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡epics¡¡like¡¡¡¨Paradise¡¡Lost¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡I¡¡guess¡¡he's¡¡right¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡talked¡¡as¡¡if¡¡he
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡pretty¡¡familiar¡¡with¡¡that¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡literary¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡nobody
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡he¡¡never¡¡had¡¡read¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡believe¡¡any¡¡of¡¡you
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡ever¡¡read¡¡¡¨Paradise¡¡Lost£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡you¡¡don't¡¡want¡¡to¡£¡¡¡¡That's
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡¡that¡¡you¡¡just¡¡want¡¡to¡¡take¡¡on¡¡trust¡£¡¡¡¡It's¡¡a¡¡classic£»¡¡just
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡Professor¡¡Winchester¡¡says£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡meets¡¡his¡¡definition¡¡of¡¡a
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡classicsomething¡¡that¡¡everybody¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡have¡¡read¡¡and¡¡nobody
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡read¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Professor¡¡Trent¡¡also¡¡had¡¡a¡¡good¡¡deal¡¡to¡¡say¡¡about¡¡the¡¡disappearance
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡literature¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡said¡¡that¡¡Scott¡¡would¡¡outlive¡¡all¡¡his¡¡critics¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡guess¡¡that's¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡fact¡¡of¡¡the¡¡business¡¡is¡¡you've¡¡got¡¡to¡¡be
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡of¡¡two¡¡ages¡¡to¡¡appreciate¡¡Scott¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡you're¡¡eighteen¡¡you¡¡can
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡Ivanhoe£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡wait¡¡until¡¡you're¡¡ninety¡¡to¡¡read¡¡some
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rest¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡takes¡¡a¡¡pretty¡¡well¡­regulated¡¡abstemious¡¡critic¡¡to
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡¡ninety¡¡years¡£

But¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days¡¡later¡¡he¡¡was¡¡back¡¡again¡¡in¡¡the¡¡forefront¡¡of¡¡reform£»
preaching¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Berkeley¡¡Lyceum¡¡against¡¡foreign¡¡occupation¡¡in¡¡China¡£
It¡¡was¡¡there¡¡that¡¡he¡¡declared¡¡himself¡¡a¡¡Boxer¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Why¡¡should¡¡not¡¡China¡¡be¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡foreigners£»¡¡who¡¡are¡¡only
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡trouble¡¡on¡¡her¡¡soil£¿¡¡¡¡If¡¡they¡¡would¡¡only¡¡all¡¡go¡¡home¡¡what¡¡a
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pleasant¡¡place¡¡China¡¡would¡¡be¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Chinese£¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡do¡¡not¡¡allow
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chinamen¡¡to¡¡come¡¡here£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡in¡¡all¡¡seriousness£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡would
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡a¡¡graceful¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡let¡¡China¡¡decide¡¡who¡¡shall¡¡go¡¡there¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡China¡¡never¡¡wanted¡¡foreigners¡¡any¡¡more¡¡than¡¡foreigners¡¡wanted
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chinamen£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡this¡¡question¡¡I¡¡am¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Boxers¡¡every¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡The
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Boxer¡¡is¡¡a¡¡patriot¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡loves¡¡his¡¡country¡¡better¡¡than¡¡he¡¡does¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡countries¡¡of¡¡other¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡wish¡¡him¡¡success¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡drive¡¡the
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chinaman¡¡out¡¡of¡¡our¡¡country£»¡¡the¡¡Boxer¡¡believes¡¡in¡¡driving¡¡us¡¡out¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡am¡¡a¡¡Boxer£»¡¡too£»¡¡on¡¡those¡¡terms¡£

Introducing¡¡Winston¡¡Churchill£»¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡dinner¡¡some¡¡weeks¡¡later£»
he¡¡explained¡¡how¡¡generous¡¡England¡¡and¡¡America¡¡had¡¡been¡¡in¡¡not¡¡requiring
fancy¡¡rates¡¡for¡¡¡¨extinguished¡¡missionaries¡¨¡¡in¡¡China¡¡as¡¡Germany¡¡had¡¡done¡£¡¡
Germany¡¡had¡¡required¡¡territory¡¡and¡¡cash£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡in¡¡payment¡¡for¡¡her
missionaries£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡and¡¡England¡¡had¡¡been¡¡willing¡¡to
settle¡¡for¡¡producefirecrackers¡¡and¡¡tea¡£

The¡¡Churchill¡¡introduction¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡his¡¡last¡¡speech¡¡for
the¡¡year¡¡1900£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡expected¡¡it£»¡¡with¡¡one¡¡exception£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡last¡¡for
a¡¡long¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡realized¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡tired¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡strain¡¡upon¡¡him
made¡¡any¡¡other¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡work¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡Writing¡¡to¡¡MacAlister
at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡made¡¡many¡¡speeches£»¡¡but
it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not¡¡more¡¡than¡¡ten£»¡¡I¡¡think¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Still£»¡¡a¡¡respectable
number¡¡in¡¡the¡¡space¡¡of¡¡two¡¡months£»¡¡considering¡¡that¡¡each¡¡was¡¡carefully
written¡¡and¡¡committed¡¡to¡¡memory£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡amid¡¡crushing¡¡social¡¡pressure¡£¡¡
Again¡¡to¡¡MacAlister£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡declined¡¡7¡¡banquets¡¡yesterday¡¡£¨which¡¡is¡¡double¡¡the¡¡daily¡¡average£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡&¡¡answered¡¡29¡¡letters¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡slaved¡¡at¡¡my¡¡mail¡¡every¡¡day¡¡since¡¡we
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡arrived¡¡in¡¡mid¡­October£»¡¡but¡¡Jean¡¡is¡¡learning¡¡to¡¡typewrite¡¡&
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡presently¡¡I'll¡¡dictate¡¡&¡¡thereby¡¡save¡¡some¡¡scraps¡¡of¡¡time¡£

He¡¡added¡¡that¡¡after¡¡January¡¡4th¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡intend¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡again¡¡for¡¡a
yearthat¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡speak¡¡then¡¡only¡¡that¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡concerned¡¡the
reform¡¡of¡¡city¡¡government¡£

The¡¡occasion¡¡of¡¡January¡¡4£»¡¡1901£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡important¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a
meeting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡City¡¡Club£»¡¡then¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡crusade¡¡for¡¡municipal
reform¡£¡¡¡¡Wheeler¡¡H¡£¡¡Peckham¡¡presided£»¡¡and¡¡Bishop¡¡Potter¡¡made¡¡the¡¡opening
address¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡all¡¡seems¡¡like¡¡ancient¡¡history¡¡now£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡is¡¡not¡¡very
vital¡¡any¡¡more£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡was¡¡making¡¡a¡¡great¡¡stir¡¡then£»¡¡and¡¡Mark
Twain's¡¡declaration¡¡that¡¡he¡¡believed¡¡forty¡­nine¡¡men¡¡out¡¡of¡¡fifty¡¡were
honest£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡forty¡­nine¡¡only¡¡needed¡¡to¡¡organize¡¡to¡¡disqualify¡¡the
fiftieth¡¡man¡¡£¨always¡¡organized¡¡for¡¡crime£©£»¡¡was¡¡quoted¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡slogan
for¡¡reform¡£

Clemens¡¡was¡¡not¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡his¡¡resolution¡¡that¡¡he¡¡wouldn't¡¡speak
again¡¡that¡¡year¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡become¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡general¡¡spokesman¡¡on¡¡public
matters£»¡¡and¡¡demands¡¡were¡¡made¡¡upon¡¡him¡¡which¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡denied¡£¡¡¡¡He
declined¡¡a¡¡Yale¡¡alumni¡¡dinner£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡preside¡¡at¡¡the
Lincoln¡¡Birthday¡¡celebration¡¡at¡¡Carnegie¡¡Hall£»¡¡February¡¡11th£»¡¡where¡¡he
must¡¡introduce¡¡Watterson¡¡as¡¡the¡¡speaker¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evening¡£

¡¨Think¡¡of¡¡it£¡¡¨¡¡he¡¡wrote¡¡Twichell¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Two¡¡old¡¡rebels¡¡functioning¡¡there£º¡¡I
as¡¡president¡¡and¡¡Watterson¡¡as¡¡orator¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day£¡¡¡¡¡Things¡¡have¡¡changed
somewhat¡¡in¡¡these¡¡forty¡¡years£»¡¡thank¡¡God£¡¡¨

The¡¡Watterson¡¡introduction¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡choicest¡¡of¡¡Mark¡¡Twain's
speechesa¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡perfect¡¡example¡¡of¡¡simple¡¡eloquence£»¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡the
occasion¡¡which¡¡gave¡¡it¡¡utterance£»¡¡worthy¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡its¡¡playful
paragraphs¡¡£¨or¡¡even¡¡because¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡for¡¡Lincoln¡¡would¡¡have¡¡loved¡¡them£©£»
to¡¡become¡¡the¡¡matrix¡¡of¡¡that¡¡imperishable¡¡Gettysburg¡¡phrase¡¡with¡¡which¡¡he
makes¡¡his¡¡climax¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡opened¡¡by¡¡dwelling¡¡for¡¡a¡¡moment¡¡on¡¡Colonel
Watterson¡¡as¡¡a¡¡soldier£»¡¡journalist£»¡¡orator£»¡¡statesman£»¡¡and¡¡patriot£»¡¡then
he¡¡said£º

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡curious¡¡circumstance¡¡that¡¡without¡¡collusion¡¡of¡¡any¡¡kind£»¡¡but
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡a¡¡strange¡¡and¡¡pleasant¡¡and¡¡dramatic¡¡freak¡¡of
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡destiny£»¡¡he¡¡and¡¡I£»¡¡kinsmen¡¡by¡¡blood£§Co

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨2£© ²È£¨2£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ