personal memoirs-1-第8章

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took　place　on　this　occasion；　and　much　disappointment　and　discontent

followed；　Nesmith's　mounted　force　and　my　dragoons　being　particularly

disgusted　because　they　had　not　been　〃given　a　chance。〃　　During　the

remainder　of　the　day　we　cautiously　followed　the　retreating　foe；　and

late　in　the　evening　went　into　camp　a　short　distance　from　Father

Pandoza's　Mission；　where　we　were　to　await　a　small　column　of　troops

under　command　of　Captain　Maurice　Maloney；　of　the　Fourth　Infantry；

that　was　to　join　us　from　Steilicom　by　way　of　the　Natchez　Pass；　and

from　which　no　tidings　had　as　yet　been　received。



Next　morning　the　first　thing　I　saw　when　I　put　my　head　out　from　my

blankets　was　〃Cut…mouth　John；〃　already　mounted　and　parading　himself

through　the　camp。　　The　scalp　of　the　Indian　he　had　despatched　the　day

before　was　tied　to　the　cross…bar　of　his　bridle　bit；　the　hair　dangling

almost　to　the　ground；　and　John　was　decked　out　in　the　sacred　vestments

of　Father　Pandoza；　having；　long　before　any　one　was　stiring　in　camp；

ransacked　the　log…cabin　at　the　Mission　in　which　the　good　man　had

lived。　　John　was　at　all　times　a　most　repulsive　looking　individual；　a

part　of　his　mouth　having　been　shot　away　in　a　fight　with　Indians　near

Walla　Walla　some　years　before；　in　which　a　Methodist　missionary　had

been　killed；　but　his　revolting　personal　appearance　was　now　worse　than

ever；　and　the　sacrilegious　use　of　Father　Pandoza's　vestments；　coupled

with　the　ghastly　scalp　that　hung　from　his　bridle；　so　turned　opinion

against　him　that　he　was　soon　captured；　dismounted；　and　his　parade

brought　to　an　abrupt　close；　and　I　doubt　whether　he　ever　after　quite

reinstated　himself　in　the　good　graces　of　the　command。



In　the　course　of　the　day　nearly　all　the　men　visited　the　Mission；　but

as　it　had　been　plundered　by　the　Indians　at　the　outbreak　of

hostilities；　when　Father　Pandoza　was　carried　off；　little　of　value　was

left　about　it　except　a　considerable　herd　of　pigs；　which　the　father

with　great　difficulty　had　succeeded　in　accumulating　from　a　very　small

beginning。　　The　pigs　had　not　been　disturbed　by　the　Indians；　but　the

straggling　troops　soon　disposed　of　them；　and　then　turned　their

attention　to　the　cabbages　and　potatoes　in　the　garden；　with　the

intention；　no　doubt；　of　dining　that　day　on　fresh　pork　and　fresh

vegetables　instead　of　on　salt　junk　and　hard　bread；　which　formed　their

regular　diet　on　the　march。　　In　digging　up　the　potatoes　some　one

discovered　half　a　keg　of　powder；　which　had　been　buried　in　the　garden

by　the　good　father　to　prevent　the　hostile　Indians　from　getting　it　to

use　against　the　whites。　　As　soon　as　this　was　unearthed　wild

excitement　ensued；　and　a　cry　arose　that　Father　Pandoza　was　the　person

who　furnished　powder　to　the　Indians；　that　here　was　the　proof；　that　at

last　the　mysterious　means　by　which　the　Indians　obtained　ammunition

was　explainedand　a　rush　was　made　for　the　mission　building。　This　was

a　comfortable　log…house　of　good　size；　built　by　the　Indians　for　a

school　and　church；　and　attached　to　one　end　was　the　log…cabin

residence　of　the　priest。　　Its　destruction　was　a　matter　of　but　a　few

moments。　　A　large　heap　of　dry　wood　was　quickly　collected　and　piled　in

the　building；　matches　applied；　and　the　whole　Mission；　including　the

priest's　house；　was　soon　enveloped　in　flames；　and　burned　to　the

ground　before　the　officers　in　camp　became　aware　of　the　disgraceful

plundering　in　which　their　men　were　engaged。



The　commanding　officer　having　received　no　news　from　Captain　Maloney

during　the　day；　Colonel　Nesmith　and　I　were　ordered　to　go　to　his

rescue；　as　it　was　concluded　that　he　had　been　surrounded　by　Indians　in

the　Natchez　Pass。　　We　started　early　the　next　morning；　the　snow

falling　slightly　as　we　set　out；　and　soon　arrived　at　the　eastern　mouth

of　the　Natchez　Pass。　　On　the　way　we　noticed　an　abandoned　Indian

village；　which　had　evidently　not　been　occupied　for　some　time。　　As　we

proceeded　the　storm　increased；　and　the　snow…fall　became　deeper　and

deeper；　until　finally　our　horses　could　not　travel　through　it。　　In

consequence　we　were　compelled　to　give　up　further　efforts　to　advance；

and　obliged　to　turn　back　to　the　abandoned　village；　where　we　encamped

for　the　night。　　Near　night…fall　the　storm　greatly　increased；　and　our

bivouac　became　most　uncomfortable；　but　spreading　my　blankets　on　the

snow　and　covering　them　with　Indian　matting；　I　turned　in　and　slept

with　that　soundness　and　refreshment　accorded　by　nature　to　one

exhausted　by　fatigue。　　When　I　awoke　in　the　morning　I　found　myself

under　about　two　feet　of　snow；　from　which　I　arose　with　difficulty；　yet

grateful　that　it　had　kept　me　warm　during　the　night。



After　a　cup　of　coffee　and　a　little　hard　bread；　it　was　decided　we

should　return　to　the　main　camp　near　the　Mission；　for　we　were　now

confident　that　Maloney　was　delayed　by　the　snow；　and　safe　enough　on

the　other　side　of　the　mountains。　　At　all　events　he　was　beyond　aid

from　us；　for　the　impassable　snowdrifts　could　not　be　overcome　with　the

means　in　our　possession。　　It　turned　out　that　our　suppositions　as　to

the　cause　of　his　delay　were　correct。　　He　had　met　with　the　same

difficulties　that　confronted　us；　and　had　been　compelled　to　go　into

camp。



Meanwhile　valuable　time　had　been　lost；　and　the　Indians；　with　their

families　and　stock；　were　well　on　their　way　to　the　Okenagan　country；　a

region　into　which　we　could　not　penetrate　in　the　winter　season。　　No

other　course　was　therefore　left　but　to　complete　the　dismal　failure　of

the　expedition　by　returning　home；　and　our　commander　readily　gave　the

order　to　march　back　to　the　Dalles　by　the　〃short〃　route　over　the

Yakima　Mountains。



As　the　storm　was　still　unabated；　it　was　evident　our　march　home　would

be　a　most　difficult　one；　and　it　was　deemed　advisable　to　start　back　at

once；　lest　we　should　be　blocked　up　in　the　mountains　by　the　snows　for

a　period　beyond　which　our　provisions　would　not　last。　　Relying　on　the

fact　that　the　short　route　to　the　Dalles　would　lead　us　over　the　range

at　its　most　depressed　point；　where　it　was　hoped　the　depth　of　snow　was

not　yet　so　great　as　to　make　the　route　impassable；　we　started　with

Colonel　Nesmith's　battalion　in　advance　to　break　the　road；　followed　by

my　dragoons。　　In　the　valley　we　made　rapid　progress；　but　when　we

reached　the　mountain　every　step　we　took　up　its　side　showed　the　snow

to　be　growing　deeper　and　deeper。　　At　last　Nesmith　reached　the　summit；

and　there　found　a　depth　of　about　six　feet　of　snow　covering　the

plateau　in　every　direction；　concealing　all　signs　of　the　trail　so

thoroughly　that　his　guides　became　bewildered　and　took　the　wrong

divide。　　The　moment　I　arrived　at　the　top　my　guideDonald　Mc　Kaywho

knew　perfectly　the　whole　Yakima　range；　discovered　Nesmith's　mistake。

Word　was　sent　to　bring　him　back；　but　as　he　had　already　nearly　crossed

the　plateau；　considerable　delay　occurred　before　he　returned。　　When　he

arrived　we　began　anew　the　work　of　breaking　a　road　for　the　foot　troops

behind　us；　my　detachment　now　in　advance。　　The　deep　snow　made　our　work

extremely　laborious；　exhausting　men　and　horses　almost　to　the　point　of

relinquishing　the　struggle；　but　our　desperate　situation　required　that

we　should　get　down　into　the　valley　beyond；　or　run　the　chance　of

perishing　on　the　mountain　in　a　storm　which　seemed　unending。　　About

midnight　the　column　reached　the　valley；　very　tired　and　hungry；　but

much　elated　over　its　escape。　　We　had　spent　a　day　of　the　most　intense

anxiety；　especially　those　who　had　had　the　responsibility　of　keeping

to　the　right　trail；　and　been　charged　with　the　hard　work　of　breaking

the　road　for　the　infantry　and　artillery　through　such　a　depth　of　snow。



Our　main　difficulties　were　now　over；　and　in　due　time　we　reached　the

Dalles；　where　almost　everyone　connected　with　the　expedition　voted　it

a　wretched　failure；　indeed；　General　Rains　himself　could　not　think

otherwise；　but　he　scattered　far　and　wide　blame　for　the　failure　of　his

combinations。　　This；　of　course；　led　to　criminations　and

recriminations；　which　eventuated　in　charges　of　incompetency　preferred

against　him　by　Captain　Edward　O。　C。　Ord；　of　the　Third　Artillery。

Rains　met　the　charges　with　counter…charges　against　Ord；　whom　he

accused　of　purloining　Father　Pandoza's　shoes；　when　the　soldiers　in

their　fury　about　the　ammunition　destroyed　the　Mission。　　At　the　time

of　its　destruction　a　rumor　of　this　nature　was　circulated　through

camp；　started　by　some　wag；　no　doubt　in　jest；　for　Ord；　who　was

somewhat　eccentric　in　his　habits；　and　had　started　on　the　expedition

rather　indifferently　shod　in　carpet…slippers；　here　came　out　in　a

brand…new　pair　of　shoes。　　Of　course　there　was　no　real　foundation　for

such　a　report；　but　Rains　was　not　above　small　things；　as　the　bringing

of　this　petty　accusation　attests。　　Neither　party　was　ever　tried；　for

General　John　E。　Wool　the　department　commander；　had　not　at　command　a

sufficient　number　of　officers　of　appropriate　rank　to　constitute　a

court　in　the　case　of　Rains；　and　the　charges　against　Ord　were　very

properly　ignored　on　account　of　their　trifling　character。



Shortly　after　the　expedition　returned　to　the　Dalles；　my　detachment

was　sent　down　to　Fort　Vancouver；　and　I　remained　at　that　post　during

the　winter　of　1855…'56；　till　late　in　March。









CHAPTER　V。



AN　INDIAN　CONFEDERATIONMASSACRE　AT　THE　CASCADES　OF　THE　COLUMBIA…

…PLAN　TO　RELIEVE　THE　BLOCKHOUSEA　HAZARDOUS　FLANK　MOVEMENTA　NEW

METHOD　OF　ESTABLISHING　GUILTEXECUTION　OF　THE　INDIAN　MURDERERS。



The　failure　of　the　Haller　expedition　from　lack　of　a　sufficient　force；

and　of　the　Rains　expedition　from　the　incompetency　of　its　commander；

was　a　great　mortification　to　the　officers　and　men　connected　with

them；　and；　taken　together；　had　a　marked　effect　upon　the　Indian

situation　in　Oregon　and　Washington　Territories　at　that　particular

era。　　Besides；　it　led　to　further　complications　and　troubles；　for　it

had　begun　to　dawn　upon　the　Indians　that　the　whites　wanted　to　come　in

and　dispossess　them　of　their　lands　and　homes；　and　the　failures　of

Haller　and　Rains　fostered　the　belief　with　the　Indians　that　they　could

successfully　resist　the　pressure　of　civilization。



Acting　under　these　influences；　the　Spokanes；　Walla　Wallas；　Umatillas；

and　Nez　Perces　cast　their　lot　with　the　hostiles；　and　all　the　savage

inhabitants　of　the　region　east　of　the　Cascade　Range　became　involved

in　a　dispute　as　to　whether　the　Indians　or　the　Government　should

possess　certain　sections　of　the　country；　which　finally　culminated　in

the　war　of　1856。



Partly　to　meet　the　situation　that　was　approaching；　the　Ninth　Infantry

had　been　sent　out　from　the　Atlantic　coast　to　Washington　Territory；

and　upon　its　arrival　at　Fort　Vancouver　encamped　in　front　of　the

officers'　quarters；　on　the　beautiful　parade…ground　of　that　post；　and

set　about　preparing　for　the　coming　campaign。　　The　commander；　Colonel

George　Wright；　who　had　been　promoted　to　the　colonelcy　of　the　regiment

upon　its　organization　the　previous　year；　had　seen　much　active　duty

since　his　graduation　over　thirty　years　before；　serving