the art of lawn tennis(网球的艺术)-第3章
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cleanly； therefore do not look at the other factors concerned； but
concentrate solely on focusing the eye firmly on the ball； and watching it
until the moment of impact with your racquet face。
〃How do I know where my opponent is； or how much court I have to
hit in？〃 ask countless beginners。
Remember this： that a tennis court is always the same size； with the
net the same height and in the same relation to you at all times； so there is
no need to look at it every moment or so to see if it has moved。 Only an
earthquake can change its position。 As to your opponent； it makes little
difference about his position； because it is determined by the shot you are
striving to return。 Where he will be I will strive to explain in my chapter
on court position； but his whereabouts are known without looking at him。
You are not trying to hit him。 You strive to miss him。 Therefore； since you
must watch what you strive to hit and not follow what you only wish to
miss； keep your eye on the ball； and let your opponent take care of
himself。
Science has proved that given a tennis ball passing from point A to
point B with the receiving player at B； that if the player at B keeps his eye
on the ball throughout its full flight his chance of making a good A 1 2 3 4
B … return at B is five times as great as if he took
his eye off the ball at a point 4； or 4/5 of a second of its flight。 Likewise it
is ten times as great at B as it is if the eye is removed from the ball at 3； or
3/5 of a second of its flight。 Why increase your chances of error by five
times or ten times when it is unnecessary？
The average player follows the ball to 4； and then he takes a last look
at his opponent to see where he is； and by so doing increases his chance of
error five times。 He judges the flight of the ball some 10 feet away； and
never really sees it again until he has hit it （if he does）。 A slight deflection
caused by the wind or a small misjudgment of curve will certainly mean
error。 Remembering the 85 percent errors in tennis； I again ask you if it is
worth while to take the risk？
There are many other reasons why keeping the eye on the ball is a
great aid to the player。 It tends to hold his attention so that outside
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occurrences will not distract。 Movements in the gallery are not seen； and
stray dogs； that seem to particularly enjoy sleeping in the middle of a
tennis court during a hard match； are not seen on their way to their
sleeping quarters。 Having learned the knack of watching the ball at all
times； I felt that nothing would worry me； until three years ago at the
American Championships； when I was playing T。 R。 Pell。 A press… camera
man eluded the watchful eye of the officials； and unobtrusively seated
himself close to our sideline to acquire some action pictures。 Pell angled
sharply by to my backhand； and I ran at my hardest for the shot； eyes fixed
solely on the ball。 I hauled off to hit it a mighty drive； which would have
probably gone over the backstop； when suddenly I heard a camera click
just under me； and the next moment camera； pressman； and tennis player
were rolling in a heap all over the court。 The pressman got his action
picture and a sore foot where I walked on him； and all I got was a sore arm
and a ruffled temper。 That's why I don't like cameras right under my nose
when I play matches； but for all that I still advocate keeping your eye on
the ball。
GRIP； FOOTWORK； AND STROKES
Footwork is weight control。 It is correct body position for strokes； and
out of it all strokes should grow。 In explaining the various forms of stroke
and footwork I am writing as a right…hand player。 Left… handers should
simply reverse the feet。
Racquet grip is a very essential part of stroke； because a faulty grip
will ruin the finest serving。 There is the so…called Western or Californian
grip as typified by Maurice E。 M'Loughlin； Willis； E。 Davis； and； to a
slightly modified degree； W。 M。 Johnston； the American champion。 It is a
natural grip for a top forehand drive。 It is inherently weak for the
backhand； as the only natural shot is a chop stroke。
The English grip； with the low wrist on all ground strokes； has proved
very successful in the past。 Yet the broken line of the arm and hand does
not commend itself to me； as any broken line is weak under stress。
The Eastern American grip； which I advocate； is the English grip
without the low wrist and broken line。 To acquire the forehand grip； hold
the racquet with the edge of the frame towards the ground and the face
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perpendicular； the handle towards the body； and 〃shake hands〃 with it； just
as if you were greeting a friend。 The handle settled comfortably and
naturally into the hand； the line of the arm； hand； and racquet are one。 The
swing brings the racquet head on a line with the arm； and the whole
racquet is merely an extension of it。
The backhand grip is a quarter circle turn of hand on the handle；
bringing the hand on top of the handle and the knuckles directly up。 The
shot travels ACROSS the wrist。
This is the best basis for a grip。 I do not advocate learning this grip
exactly； but model your natural grip as closely as possible on these lines
without sacrificing your own comfort or individuality。
Having once settled the racquet in the hand； the next question is the
position of the body and the order of developing strokes。
In explaining footwork I am； in future； going to refer in all forehand
shots to the right foot as R or 〃back〃 foot； and to the left as L or 〃front。〃
For the backhand the L foot is 〃back〃 and R is 〃front。〃
All tennis strokes； should be made with the body' at right angles to the
net； with the shoulders lined up parallel to the line of flight of the ball。 The
weight should always travel forward。 It should pass from the back foot to
the front foot at the moment of striking the ball。 Never allow the weight to
be going away from the stroke。 It is weight that determines the 〃pace〃 of a
stroke； swing that； decides the 〃speed。〃
Let me explain the definitions of 〃speed〃 and 〃pace。〃 〃Speed〃 is the
actual rate with which a ball travels through the air。 〃Pace〃 is the
momentum with which it comes off the ground。 Pace is weight。 It is the
〃sting〃 the ball carries when it comes off the ground； giving the
inexperienced or unsuspecting player a shock of force which the stroke in
no way showed。
Notable examples of 〃pace〃 are such men as W。 A。 Larned； A。 W。 Gore；
J。 C。 Parke； and among the younger players； R。 N。 Williams； Major A。 R。 F。
Kingscote； W。 M。 Johnston； and； on his forehand stroke； Charles S。
Garland。
M。 E。 M'Loughlin； Willis E。 Davis； Harold Throckmorton and several
others are famous 〃speed〃 exponents。
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A great many players have both 〃speed〃 and 〃pace。〃 Some shots may
carry both。
The order of learning strokes should be：
1。 The Drive。 Fore… and backhand。 This is the foundation of all tennis；
for you cannot build up a net attack unless you have the ground stroke to
open the way。 Nor can you meet a net attack successfully unless you can
drive； as that is the only successful passing shot。
2。 The Service。
3。 The Volley and Overhead Smash。
4。 The Chop or Half Volley and other incidental and ornamental
strokes。
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CHAPTER II。 THE DRIVE
The forehand drive is the opening of every offensive in tennis； and； as
such； should be most carefully studied。 There are certain rules of footwork
that apply to all shots。 To reach a ball that is a short distance away；
advance the foot that is away from the shot and thus swing into position to
hit。 If a ball is too close to the body； retreat the foot closest to the shot and
drop the weight back on it； thus； again； being in position for the stroke。
When hurried； and it is not possible to change the foot position； throw the
weight on the foot closest to the ball。
The receiver should always await the service facing the net； but once
the serve is started on the way to court； the receiver should at once attain
the position to receive it with the body at right angles to the net。
The forehand drive is made up of one continuous swing of the racquet
that； for the purpose of analysis； may be divided into three parts：
1。 The portion of the swing behind the body； which determines the
speed of the stroke。
2。 That portion immediately in front of the body which determines the
direction and； in conjunction with weight shift from one foot to the other；
the pace of the shot。
3。 The portion beyond the body； comparable to the golfer's 〃follow
through；〃 determines spin； top or slice； imparted to the ball。
All drives should be topped。 The slice shot is a totally different
stroke。
To drive straight down the side…line； construct in theory a
parallelogram with two sides made up of the side…line and your shoulders；
and the two ends； the lines of your feet； which should； if extended； form
the right angles with the side…lines。 Meet the ball at a point about 4 to 4
1/2 feet from the body immediately in front of the belt buckle； and shift
the weight from the back to the front foot at the MOMENT OF
STRIKING THE BALL。 The swing of the racquet should be flat and
straight through。 The racquet head should be on a line with the hand； or； if
anything； slightly in advance； the whole arm and the racquet should turn
slightly over the ball as it leaves the racquet face and the stroke cont
