a complete account of the settlement-第2章
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A new settlement； named by the governor Rose Hill； 16 miles inland； was established on the 3d of November； the soil here being judged better than that around Sydney。 A small redoubt was thrown up； and a captain's detachment posted in it； to protect the convicts who were employed to cultivate the ground。
The two last of the transports left us for England on the 19th of November； intending to make their passage by Cape Horn。 There now remained with us only the 'Supply'。 Sequestered and cut off as we were from the rest of civilized nature； their absence carried the effect of desolation。 About this time a convict； of the name of Daly； was hanged； for a burglary： this culprit； who was a notorious thief and impostor； was the author of a discovery of a gold mine； a few months before： a composition resembling ore mingled with earth； which he pretended to have brought from it； he produced。 After a number of attendant circumstances； too ludicrous and contemptible to relate； which befell a party； who were sent under his guidance to explore this second Peru； he at last confessed； that he had broken up an old pair of buckles； and mixed the pieces with sand and stone； and on assaying the composition； the brass was detected。 The fate of this fellow I should not deem worth recording； did it not lead to the following observation； that the utmost circumspection is necessary to prevent imposition； in those who give accounts of what they see in unknown countries。 We found the convicts particularly happy in fertility of invention； and exaggerated descriptions。 Hence large fresh water rivers； valuable ores； and quarries of limestone； chalk； and marble； were daily proclaimed soon after we had landed。 At first we hearkened with avidity to such accounts； but perpetual disappointments taught us to listen with caution； and to believe from demonstration only。
Unabated animosity continued to prevail between the natives and us： n addition to former losses； a soldier and several convicts suddenly disappeared； and were never afterwards heard of。 Three convicts were also wounded； and one killed by them； near Botany Bay： similar to the vindictive spirit which Mr。 Cook found to exist among their countrymen at Endeavour River； they more than once attempted to set fire to combustible matter； in order to annoy us。 Early on the morning of the 18th of December； word was brought that they were assembled in force； near the brick…kilns； which stand but a mile from the town of Sydney。 The terror of those who brought the first intelligence magnified the number to two thousand； a second messenger diminished it to four hundred。 A detachment； under the command of an officer was ordered to march immediately； and reconnoitre them。 The officer soon returned； and reported； that about fifty Indians had appeared at the brick…kilns； but upon the convicts； who were at work there； pointing their spades and shovels at them； in the manner of guns； they had fled into the woods。
Tired of this state of petty warfare and endless uncertainty； the governor at length determined to adopt a decisive measure； by capturing some of them； and retaining them by force； which we supposed would either inflame the rest to signal vengeance； in which case we should know the worst； and provide accordingly： or else it would induce an intercourse； by the report which our prisoners would make of the mildness and indulgence with which we used them。 And farther； it promised to unveil the cause of their mysterious conduct； by putting us in possession of their reasons for harassing and destroying our people； in the manner I have related。 Boats were accordingly ordered to be got ready； and every preparation made； which could lead to the attainment of our object。
But as this subject deserves to be particularly detailed； I shall； notwithstanding its being just within the period of time which this chapter professes to comprise； allot it a separate place； in the beginning of the next。
Nor can I close this part of my work without congratulating both the reader and the author。 New matter now presents itself。 A considerable part of the foregoing chapters had been related before； either by others or myself。 I was however； unavoidably compelled to insert it； in order to preserve unbroken that chain of detail； and perspicuity of arrangement； at which books professing to convey information should especially aim。
CHAPTER III。
Transactions of the Colony； from the Commencement of the Year 1789； until the End of March。
Pursuant to his resolution； the governor on the 31st of December sent two boats； under the command of Lieutenant Ball of the 'Supply'； and Lieutenant George Johnston of the marines； down the harbour； with directions to those officers to seize and carry off some of the natives。 The boats proceeded to Manly Cove； where several Indians were seen standing on the beach； who were enticed by courteous behaviour and a few presents to enter into conversation。 A proper opportunity being presented； our people rushed in among them； and seized two men： the rest fled； but the cries of the captives soon brought them back； with many others； to their rescue： and so desperate were their struggles； that； in spite of every effort on our side； only one of them was secured； the other effected his escape。 The boats put off without delay； and an attack from the shore instantly commenced： they threw spears； stones； firebrands； and whatever else presented itself； at the boats； nor did they retreat； agreeable to their former custom； until many musquets were fired over them。
The prisoner was now fastened by ropes to the thwarts of the boat； and when he saw himself irretrievably disparted from his countrymen； set up the most piercing and lamentable cries of distress。 His grief； however； soon diminished： he accepted and ate of some broiled fish which was given to him； and sullenly submitted to his destiny。
When the news of his arrival at Sydney was announced； I went with every other person to see him： he appeared to be about thirty years old； not tall； but robustly made； and of a countenance which； under happier circumstances； I thought would display manliness and sensibility； his agitation was excessive； and the clamourous crowds who flocked around him did not contribute to lessen it。 Curiosity and observation seemed； nevertheless； not to have wholly deserted him； he shewed the effect of novelty upon ignorance； he wondered at all he saw： though broken and interrupted with dismay； his voice was soft and musical； when its natural tone could be heard； and he readily pronounced with tolerable accuracy the names of things which were taught him。 To our ladies he quickly became extraordinarily courteous； a sure sign that his terror was wearing off。
Every blandishment was used to soothe him； and it had its effect。 As he was entering the governor's house； some one touched a small bell which hung over the door： he started with horror and astonishment； but in a moment after was reconciled to the noise； and laughed at the cause of his perturbation。 When pictures were shown to him； he knew directly those which represented the human figure： among others； a very large handsome print of her royal highness the Dutchess of Cumberland being produced； he called out 'woman'； a name by which we had just before taught him to call the female convicts。 Plates of birds and beasts were also laid before him； and many people were led to believe； that such as he spoke about and pointed to were known to him。 But this must have been an erroneous conjecture； for the elephant； rhinoceros； and several others； which we must have discovered did they exist in the country； were of the number。 Again； on the other hand； those he did not point out； were equally unknown to him。
His curiosity here being satiated； we took him to a large brick house； which was building for the governor's residence： being about to enter； he cast up his eyes； and seeing some people leaning out of a window on the first story； he exclaimed aloud； and testified the most extravagant surprise。 Nothing here was observed to fix his attention so strongly as some tame fowls； who were feeding near him： our dogs also he particularly noticed； but seemed more fearful than fond of them。
He dined at a side…table at the governor's； and ate heartily of fish and ducks； which he first cooled。 Bread and salt meat he smelled at； but would not taste： all our liquors he treated in the same manner； and could drink nothing but water。 On being shown that he was not to wipe his hands on the chair which he sat upon； he used a towel which was gave to him； with great cleanliness and decency。
In the afternoon his hair was closely cut； his head combed； and his beard shaved； but he would not submit to these operations until he had seen them performed on another person； when he readily acquiesced。 His hair； as might be supposed； was filled with vermin； whose destruction seemed to afford him great triumph； nay； either revenge； or pleasure； prompted him to eat them！ but on our expressing disgust and abhorrence he left it off。
To this succeeded his immersion in a tub of water and soap； where he was completely washed and scrubbed from head to foot； after which a shirt； a jacket； and a pair of trousers； were put upon him。 Some part of this ablution I had the honour to perform； in order that I might ascertain the real colour of the skin of these people。 My observation then was （and it has since been confirmed in a thousand other instances） that they are as black as the lighter cast of the African negroes。
Many unsuccessful attempts were made to learn his name； the governor therefore called him Manly； from the cove in which he was captured： this cove had received its name from the manly undaunted behaviour of a party of natives seen there； on our taking possession of the country。
To prevent his escape； a handcuff with a rope attached to it； was fastened around his left wrist； which at first highly delighted him； he called it 'bengadee' （or ornament）； but his delight changed to rage and hatred when he discovered its use。 His supper he cooked himself： some fish were given to him for this purpose； which； without any previous preparation whatever； he threw carelessly on the fire； and when they became warm took them up； and first rubbed off the scales； peeled the outside with his teeth； and ate it； afterwards he gutted them； and laying them again on the fire； completed the dressing； and ate them。
A convict was selected to sleep with him； and to attend him wherever he might go。 When he went with his keeper into his apartment he appeared very restless and uneasy while a light was kept in； but on its extinction； he immediately lay down and composed himself。
Sullenness and dejection strongly marked his countenance on the following morning； to amuse him； he was taken around the camp； and to the observatory： casting his eyes to the opposite shore from the point where he stood； and seeing the smoke of fire lighted by his countrymen； he looked earnestly at it； and sighing deeply two or three times； uttered the word 'gweeun' （fire）。
His loss of spirits had not； however； the effect of impairing his appetite； eight fish； each weighing about a pound； constituted h
