philosophy of right-µÚ28ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡morality£»¡¡subjectivity¡¡is¡¡still¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡freedom£»¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡of¡¡subjectivity£»¡¡but¡¡at¡¡the
level¡¡of¡¡ethical¡¡life¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡realisation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡in¡¡a¡¡way¡¡adequate¡¡to¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡itself¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡153¡£
The¡¡right¡¡of¡¡individuals¡¡to¡¡be¡¡subjectively¡¡destined¡¡to¡¡freedom¡¡is¡¡fulfilled¡¡when
they¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡an¡¡actual¡¡ethical¡¡order£»¡¡because¡¡their¡¡conviction¡¡of¡¡their¡¡freedom
finds¡¡its¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡such¡¡an¡¡objective¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡an¡¡ethical¡¡order¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are
actually¡¡in¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡essence¡¡or¡¡their¡¡own¡¡inner¡¡universality¡¡£¨see¡¡¡ì
147£©¡£¡¡
Remark£º¡¡When¡¡a¡¡father¡¡inquired¡¡about¡¡the¡¡best¡¡method¡¡of¡¡educating¡¡his¡¡son¡¡in¡¡ethical¡¡conduct£»
a¡¡Pythagorean¡¡replied£º¡¡'Make¡¡him¡¡a¡¡citizen¡¡of¡¡a¡¡state¡¡with¡¡good¡¡laws¡£'¡¡£¨The¡¡phrase¡¡has¡¡also¡¡been
attributed¡¡to¡¡others¡££©¡¡
Addition£º¡¡The¡¡educational¡¡experiments£»¡¡advocated¡¡by¡¡Rousseau¡¡in¡¡Emile£»¡¡of¡¡withdrawing
children¡¡from¡¡the¡¡common¡¡life¡¡of¡¡every¡¡day¡¡and¡¡bringing¡¡them¡¡up¡¡in¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡have¡¡turned¡¡out¡¡to
be¡¡futile£»¡¡since¡¡no¡¡success¡¡can¡¡attend¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡estrange¡¡people¡¡from¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£
Even¡¡if¡¡the¡¡young¡¡have¡¡to¡¡be¡¡educated¡¡in¡¡solitude£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡still¡¡useless¡¡to¡¡hope¡¡that¡¡the¡¡fragrance¡¡of¡¡the
intellectual¡¡world¡¡will¡¡not¡¡ultimately¡¡permeate¡¡this¡¡solitude¡¡or¡¡that¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡mind¡¡is
too¡¡feeble¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡the¡¡mastery¡¡of¡¡those¡¡outlying¡¡regions¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡by¡¡becoming¡¡a¡¡citizen¡¡of¡¡a¡¡good¡¡state
that¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡first¡¡comes¡¡into¡¡his¡¡right¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡154¡£
The¡¡right¡¡of¡¡individuals¡¡to¡¡their¡¡particular¡¡satisfaction¡¡is¡¡also¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡the
ethical¡¡substantial¡¡order£»¡¡since¡¡particularity¡¡is¡¡the¡¡outward¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡the
ethical¡¡order¡¡¡ª¡¡a¡¡mode¡¡in¡¡which¡¡that¡¡order¡¡is¡¡existent¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡155¡£
Hence¡¡in¡¡this¡¡identity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡will¡¡with¡¡the¡¡particular¡¡will£»¡¡right¡¡and¡¡duty
coalesce£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡being¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ethical¡¡order¡¡a¡¡man¡¡has¡¡rights¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡he¡¡has
duties£»¡¡and¡¡duties¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡he¡¡has¡¡rights¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡abstract¡¡right£»¡¡I¡¡have
the¡¡right¡¡and¡¡another¡¡has¡¡the¡¡corresponding¡¡duty¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡moral¡¡sphere£»¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of
my¡¡private¡¡judgement¡¡and¡¡will£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡of¡¡my¡¡happiness£»¡¡has¡¡not£»¡¡but¡¡only
ought¡¡to¡¡have£»¡¡coalesced¡¡with¡¡duties¡¡and¡¡become¡¡objective¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡A¡¡slave¡¡can¡¡have¡¡no¡¡duties£»¡¡only¡¡a¡¡free¡¡man¡¡has¡¡them¡£¡¡If¡¡all¡¡rights¡¡were¡¡put¡¡on¡¡one
side¡¡and¡¡all¡¡duties¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡would¡¡be¡¡dissolved£»¡¡since¡¡their¡¡identity¡¡alone¡¡is¡¡the
fundamental¡¡thing£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡this¡¡that¡¡we¡¡have¡¡here¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡fast¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡156¡£
The¡¡ethical¡¡substance£»¡¡as¡¡containing¡¡independent¡¡self¡consciousness¡¡united¡¡with
its¡¡concept£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡a¡¡family¡¡and¡¡a¡¡nation¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡Ethical¡¡life¡¡is¡¡not¡¡abstract¡¡like¡¡the¡¡good£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡intensely¡¡actual¡£¡¡Mind¡¡has¡¡actuality£»¡¡and
individuals¡¡are¡¡accidents¡¡of¡¡this¡¡actuality¡£¡¡Thus¡¡in¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡ethical¡¡life£»¡¡only¡¡two¡¡views¡¡are
possible£º¡¡either¡¡we¡¡start¡¡from¡¡the¡¡substantiality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ethical¡¡order£»¡¡or¡¡else¡¡we¡¡proceed
atomistically¡¡and¡¡build¡¡on¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡s¡¡ingle¡¡individuals¡£¡¡This¡¡second¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡excludes¡¡mind
because¡¡it¡¡leads¡¡only¡¡to¡¡a¡¡juxtaposition¡£¡¡Mind£»¡¡however£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡something¡¡single£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of
the¡¡single¡¡and¡¡the¡¡universal¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡157¡£
The¡¡concept¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Idea¡¡has¡¡being¡¡only¡¡as¡¡mind£»¡¡as¡¡something¡¡knowing¡¡itself¡¡and
actual£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡objectification¡¡of¡¡itself£»¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡running¡¡through¡¡the
form¡¡of¡¡its¡¡moments¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡
£¨A£©¡¡ethical¡¡mind¡¡in¡¡its¡¡natural¡¡or¡¡immediate¡¡phase¡¡¡ª¡¡the¡¡Family¡£¡¡This
substantiality¡¡loses¡¡its¡¡unity£»¡¡passes¡¡over¡¡into¡¡division£»¡¡and¡¡into¡¡the¡¡phase¡¡of
relation£»¡¡i¡£e¡£¡¡into¡¡
£¨B£©¡¡Civil¡¡Society¡¡¡ª¡¡an¡¡association¡¡of¡¡members¡¡as¡¡self¡subsistent¡¡individuals¡¡in¡¡a
universality¡¡which£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their¡¡self¡subsistence£»¡¡is¡¡only¡¡abstract¡£¡¡Their
association¡¡is¡¡brought¡¡about¡¡by¡¡their¡¡needs£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡legal¡¡system¡¡¡ª¡¡the¡¡means¡¡to
security¡¡of¡¡person¡¡and¡¡property¡¡¡ª¡¡and¡¡by¡¡an¡¡external¡¡organisation¡¡for¡¡attaining
their¡¡particular¡¡and¡¡common¡¡interests¡£¡¡This¡¡external¡¡state¡¡
£¨C£©¡¡is¡¡brought¡¡back£»¡¡to¡¡and¡¡welded¡¡into¡¡unity¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State
which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡end¡¡and¡¡actuality¡¡of¡¡both¡¡the¡¡substantial¡¡universal¡¡order¡¡and¡¡the
public¡¡life¡¡devoted¡¡thereto¡£¡¡
Third¡¡Part£º¡¡Ethical¡¡Life
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡i¡¡The¡¡Family
¡¡£¨a£©£º¡¡Marriage¡¡¡¡¡£¨b£©¡¡Family¡¡Capital¡¡¡¡¡C£º¡¡Children¡¡&¡¡Dissolution
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡158¡£
The¡¡family£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡substantiality¡¡of¡¡mind£»¡¡is¡¡specifically¡¡characterised
by¡¡love£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡mind's¡¡feeling¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡unity¡£¡¡Hence¡¡in¡¡a¡¡family£»¡¡one's¡¡frame
of¡¡mind¡¡is¡¡to¡¡have¡¡self¡consciousness¡¡of¡¡one's¡¡individuality¡¡within¡¡this¡¡unity¡¡as¡¡the
absolute¡¡essence¡¡of¡¡oneself£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡result¡¡that¡¡one¡¡is¡¡in¡¡it¡¡not¡¡as¡¡an¡¡independent
person¡¡but¡¡as¡¡a¡¡member¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡Love¡¡means¡¡in¡¡general¡¡terms¡¡the¡¡consciousness¡¡of¡¡my¡¡unity¡¡with¡¡another£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am
not¡¡in¡¡selfish¡¡isolation¡¡but¡¡win¡¡my¡¡self¡consciousness¡¡only¡¡as¡¡the¡¡renunciation¡¡of¡¡my¡¡independence
and¡¡through¡¡knowing¡¡myself¡¡as¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡myself¡¡with¡¡another¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡other¡¡with¡¡me¡£¡¡Love£»
however£»¡¡is¡¡feeling£»¡¡i¡£e¡£¡¡ethical¡¡life¡¡in¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡something¡¡natural¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡feeling¡¡disappears£»
there¡¡we¡¡are¡¡conscious¡¡of¡¡unity¡¡as¡¡law£»¡¡there¡¡the¡¡content¡¡must¡¡be¡¡rational¡¡and¡¡known¡¡to¡¡us¡£¡¡The
first¡¡moment¡¡in¡¡love¡¡is¡¡that¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡self¡subsistent¡¡and¡¡independent¡¡person¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡if
I¡¡were£»¡¡then¡¡I¡¡would¡¡feel¡¡defective¡¡and¡¡incomplete¡£¡¡The¡¡second¡¡moment¡¡is¡¡that¡¡I¡¡find¡¡myself¡¡in
another¡¡person£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡count¡¡for¡¡something¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡other¡¡in¡¡turn¡¡comes¡¡to¡¡count¡¡for
something¡¡in¡¡me¡£¡¡Love£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡most¡¡tremendous¡¡contradiction£»¡¡the¡¡Understanding¡¡cannot
resolve¡¡it¡¡since¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡more¡¡stubborn¡¡than¡¡this¡¡point¡¡£¨Punktualit£¿t£©¡¡of¡¡self¡consciousness
which¡¡is¡¡negated¡¡and¡¡which¡¡nevertheless¡¡I¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡possess¡¡as¡¡affirmative¡£¡¡Love¡¡is¡¡at¡¡once¡¡the
propounding¡¡and¡¡the¡¡resolving¡¡of¡¡this¡¡contradiction¡£¡¡As¡¡the¡¡resolving¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡love¡¡is¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡an¡¡ethical
type¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡159¡£
The¡¡right¡¡which¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡enjoys¡¡on¡¡the¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡the¡¡family¡¡unity¡¡and
which¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡place¡¡simply¡¡the¡¡individual's¡¡life¡¡within¡¡this¡¡unity£»¡¡takes¡¡on¡¡the
form¡¡of¡¡right¡¡£¨as¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡moment¡¡of¡¡determinate¡¡individuality£©¡¡only¡¡when¡¡the
family¡¡begins¡¡to¡¡dissolve¡£¡¡At¡¡that¡¡point¡¡those¡¡who¡¡should¡¡be¡¡family¡members¡¡both
in¡¡their¡¡inclination¡¡and¡¡in¡¡actuality¡¡begin¡¡to¡¡be¡¡self¡subsistent¡¡persons£»¡¡and
whereas¡¡they¡¡formerly¡¡constituted¡¡one¡¡specific¡¡moment¡¡within¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡they
now¡¡receive¡¡their¡¡share¡¡separately¡¡and¡¡so¡¡only¡¡in¡¡an¡¡external¡¡fashion¡¡by¡¡way¡¡of
money£»¡¡food£»¡¡educational¡¡expenses£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡like¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡The¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡family¡¡properly¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡its¡¡substantiality¡¡should¡¡have
determinate¡¡existence¡£¡¡Thus¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡right¡¡against¡¡externality¡¡and¡¡against¡¡secessions¡¡from¡¡the¡¡family
unity¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡to¡¡repeat£»¡¡love¡¡is¡¡a¡¡feeling£»¡¡something¡¡subjective£»¡¡against¡¡which¡¡unity
cannot¡¡make¡¡itself¡¡effective¡£¡¡The¡¡demand¡¡for¡¡unity¡¡can¡¡be¡¡sustained£»¡¡then£»¡¡only¡¡in¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡such
things¡¡as¡¡are¡¡by¡¡nature¡¡external¡¡and¡¡not¡¡conditioned¡¡by¡¡feeling¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡160¡£
The¡¡family¡¡is¡¡completed¡¡in¡¡these¡¡three¡¡phases£º¡¡
£¨a£©¡¡Marriage£»¡¡the¡¡form¡¡assumed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡of¡¡the¡¡family¡¡in¡¡its¡¡immediate
phase£»¡¡
£¨b£©¡¡Family¡¡Property¡¡and¡¡Capital¡¡£¨the¡¡external¡¡embodiment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡concept£©¡¡and
attention¡¡to¡¡these£»¡¡
£¨c£©¡¡The¡¡Education¡¡of¡¡Children¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Dissolution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Family¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡£¡¡Marriage
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡161¡£
Marriage£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡type¡¡of¡¡ethical¡¡relationship£»¡¡contains¡¡first£»¡¡the¡¡moment
of¡¡physical¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡since¡¡marriage¡¡is¡¡a¡¡substantial¡¡tie£»¡¡the¡¡life¡¡involved¡¡in¡¡it¡¡is¡¡life
in¡¡its¡¡totality£»¡¡i¡£e¡£¡¡as¡¡the¡¡actuality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡race¡¡and¡¡its¡¡life¡process¡£¡¡But£»¡¡secondly£»¡¡in
self¡consciousness¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡sexual¡¡union¡a¡¡union¡¡purely¡¡inward¡¡or¡¡implicit¡¡and
for¡¡that¡¡very¡¡reason¡¡existent¡¡as¡¡purely¡¡external¡¡¡is¡¡changed¡¡into¡¡a¡¡union¡¡on¡¡the
level¡¡of¡¡mind£»¡¡into¡¡self¡conscious¡¡love¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡Marriage¡¡is¡¡in¡¡essence¡¡an¡¡ethical¡¡tie¡£¡¡Formerly£»¡¡especially¡¡in¡¡most¡¡systems¡¡of¡¡natural
law£»¡¡attention¡¡was¡¡paid¡¡only¡¡to¡¡the¡¡physical¡¡side¡¡of¡¡marriage¡¡or¡¡to¡¡its¡¡natural¡¡character¡£
Consequently£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡treated¡¡only¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sex¡¡relationship£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡completely¡¡barred¡¡the¡¡way¡¡to¡¡its
other¡¡characteristics¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡crude¡¡enough£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡less¡¡so¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡it¡¡as¡¡only¡¡a¡¡civil¡¡contract£»
and¡¡even¡¡Kant¡¡does¡¡this¡£¡¡On¡¡this¡¡view£»¡¡the¡¡parties¡¡are¡¡bound¡¡by¡¡a¡¡contract¡¡of¡¡mutual¡¡caprice£»¡¡and
marriage¡¡is¡¡thus¡¡degraded¡¡to¡¡the¡¡level¡¡of¡¡a¡¡contract¡¡for¡¡reciprocal¡¡use¡£¡¡A¡¡third¡¡view¡¡of¡¡marriage¡¡is
that¡¡which¡¡bases¡¡it¡¡on¡¡love¡¡alone£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡must¡¡be¡¡rejected¡¡like¡¡the¡¡other¡¡two£»¡¡since¡¡love¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a
feeling¡¡and¡¡so¡¡is¡¡exposed¡¡in¡¡every¡¡respect¡¡to¡¡contingency£»¡¡a¡¡guise¡¡which¡¡ethical¡¡life¡¡may¡¡not
assume¡£¡¡Marriage£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡more¡¡precisely¡¡characterised¡¡as¡¡ethico¡legal¡¡£¨rechtlich
sittliche£©¡¡love£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡eliminates¡¡from¡¡marriage¡¡the¡¡transient£»¡¡fickle£»¡¡and¡¡purely¡¡subjective¡¡aspects
of¡¡love¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡162¡£
On¡¡the¡¡subjective¡¡side£»¡¡marriage¡¡may¡¡have¡¡a¡¡more¡¡obvious¡¡source¡¡in¡¡the
particular¡¡inclination¡¡of¡¡the¡¡two¡¡persons¡¡who¡¡are¡¡entering¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡marriage¡¡tie£»
or¡¡in¡¡the¡¡foresight¡¡and¡¡contrivance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parents£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡forth¡£¡¡But¡¡its¡¡objective
source¡¡lies¡¡in¡¡the¡¡free¡¡consent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡persons£»¡¡especially¡¡in¡¡their¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡make
themselves¡¡one¡¡person£»¡¡to¡¡renounce¡¡their¡¡natural¡¡and¡¡individual¡¡personality¡¡to¡¡this
unity¡¡of¡¡one¡¡with¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡From¡¡this¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view£»¡¡their¡¡union¡¡is¡¡a
self¡restriction£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡it¡¡is¡¡their¡¡liberation£»¡¡because¡¡in¡¡it¡¡they¡¡attain¡¡their
substantive¡¡self¡consciousness¡£¡¡
Remark£º¡¡Our¡¡objectively¡¡appointed¡¡end¡¡and¡¡so¡¡our¡¡ethical¡¡duty¡¡is¡¡to¡¡enter¡¡the¡¡married¡¡state¡£
The¡¡external¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡any¡¡particular¡¡marriage¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case¡¡contingent£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡depends
principally¡¡on¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡which¡¡reflective¡¡thought¡¡has¡¡been¡¡developed¡£¡¡At¡¡one¡¡extreme£»¡¡the¡¡step¡¡is
that¡¡the¡¡marriage¡¡is¡¡arranged¡¡by¡¡the¡¡contrivance¡¡of¡¡benevolent¡¡parents£»¡¡the¡¡appointed¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the
parties¡¡is¡¡a¡¡union¡¡of¡¡mutual¡¡love£»¡¡their¡¡inclination¡¡to¡¡marry¡¡arises¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡each¡¡grows
acquainted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡other¡¡from¡¡the¡¡first¡¡as¡¡a¡¡destined¡¡partner¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡other¡¡extreme£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the
inclination¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parties¡¡which¡¡comes¡¡first£»¡¡appearing¡¡in¡¡them¡¡as¡¡these¡¡two¡¡infinitely¡¡particularised
individuals¡£¡¡The¡¡more¡¡ethical¡¡way¡¡to¡¡matrimony¡¡may¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡former¡¡extreme¡¡or¡¡any
way¡¡at¡¡all¡¡whereby¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡to¡¡marry¡¡comes¡¡first¡¡and¡¡the¡¡inclination¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so¡¡follows£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡in
the¡¡actual¡¡wedding¡¡both¡¡decision¡¡and¡¡inclination¡¡coalesce¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡extreme£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡uniqueness
of¡¡the¡¡infinitely¡¡particularised¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡good¡¡its¡¡claims¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡subjective
principle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡world¡¡£¨see¡¡Remark¡¡to¡¡¡ì¡¡124£©¡£¡¡
But¡¡those¡¡works¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡art£»¡¡dramatic¡¡and¡¡other£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡love¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sexes¡¡is¡¡the¡¡main
interest£»¡¡are¡¡pervaded¡¡by¡¡a¡¡chill¡¡despite¡¡the¡¡heat¡¡of¡¡passion¡¡they¡¡portray£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡associate¡¡the
passion¡¡with¡¡accident¡¡throughout¡¡and¡¡represent¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡dramatic¡¡interest¡¡as¡¡if¡¡it¡¡rested¡¡solely¡¡on
the¡¡characters¡¡as¡¡these¡¡individuals£»¡¡what¡¡rests¡¡on¡¡them¡¡may¡¡indeed¡¡be¡¡of¡¡infinite¡¡importance¡¡to
them£»¡¡but¡¡is¡¡of¡¡none¡¡whatever¡¡in¡¡itself¡£¡¡
Addition£º¡¡Amongst¡¡peoples¡¡who