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30; 45 minutes; 46 seconds; with four passengers; G。 Busson;

Rheims; France; March 10; Deperdussin Machine; 17 minutes; 28 1…5

seconds。



Greatest Altitude Aviator AloneGarros; St。 Malo; France;

September 4; Bleriot Machine; 13;362 feet; with one passenger;

Prevost; Courcy; France; December 2; 9;840 feet; with two

passengers; Lieut。 Bier; Austria; Etrich Machine; 4;010 feet。



AMERICAN RECORDS。



Greatest Speed Per Hour; Whatever Length of Flight; Aviator

AloneA。 Leblanc; Belmont Park; N。 Y。; October 29; Bleriot

Machine; 67。87 miles; with one passenger; C。 Grahame…White;

Squantum; Mass。; September 4; Nieuport Machine; 63。23 miles; with

two passengers; T。 O。 M。 Sopwith; Chicago; Ill。; August 15;

Wright Machine; 34。96 miles。



Greatest Distance Aviator AloneSt。 Croix Johnstone; Mineola;

N。 Y。; July 27; Moisant (Bleriot Type) Machine; 176。23 miles。



Greatest Duration Aviator AloneHoward W。 Gill; Kinloch; Mo。;

October 19; Wright Machine; 4 hours; 16 minutes; 35 seconds; with

one passenger; G。 W。 Beatty; Chicago; Ill。; August 19; Wright

Machine; 3 hours; 42 minutes; 22 1…5 seconds; with two

passengers; T。 de W。 Milling; Nassau Boulevard; N。 Y。; September

26; Burgess…Wright Machine; 1 hour; 54 minutes; 42 3…5 seconds。



Greatest Altitude Aviator AloneL。 Beachy; Chicago; Ill。; August

20; Curtiss Machine; 11;642 feet; with one passenger; C。 Grahame…

White; Nassau Boulevard; N。 Y。; September 30; Nieuport Machine;

3;347 feet。



Weight CarryingP。 O。 Parmelee; Chicago; III。; August 19;

Wright Machine; 458 lbs。



AVIATION DEVELOPMENT。



The wonderful progress made in the science of aviation

during the year 1911 far surpasses any twelve months' advancement

recorded。 The advancement has not been confined to any country or

continent; since every part of the world is taking its part in

aviation history making。



The rapidly increasing interest in aviation has brought

forth schools for the instruction of flying in both the old and

new world; and licensed air pilots before they receive their

sanctions from the governing aero clubs of their country are

required to pass an extremely trying examination in actual

flights。 Exhibition flights and races were common in all

parts of the world during 1911; and touring aviators visited

India; China; Japan; South Africa; Australia and South

America; giving exhibitions and instruction。



Europe was the scene of a number of cross…country races

in which entries ranging from ten to twenty aviators flew

from city to city around a given circuit; which in some

instances exceeded 1;000 miles in distance。 Cross…country

flights with and without passengers became so common that

those of less than two hours' duration attracted little

attention。 There were fewer attempts at high altitude soaring;

although the world's record in this department of aviation

was bettered several times。 In place of these high flights; the

aviators devoted more attention to speed; duration and

spectacular manoeuvres; which appeared to satisfy the spectators。

The prize money won during 1911 exceeded 1;000;000; but

owing to the increased number of aviators the individual

winnings were not as large as in 1910。



It is estimated that within the past twelve months more

than 300;000 miles have been covered in aeroplane flights

and more than seven thousand persons; classed either as

aviators or passengers; taken up into the air。 The aeroplane

of today ranges through monoplane; biplane; triplane and

even quadraplane; and more than two hundred types of these

machines are in use。



Aeroplanes are becoming a factor of international commerce。

The records of the Bureau of Statistics show that

more than 50;000 worth of aeroplanes were imported into;

and exported from; the United States in the months of July;

August and September; 1911。 The Bureau of Statistics only

began the maintenance of a separate record of this comparatively

new article of commerce with the opening of the fiscal

year 1911…12。



Two of the prominent developments of 1911 were the

introduction of the hydro…aeroplane and the motorless glider

experiments of the Wright brothers at Killdevil Hills; N。 C。;

where during the two weeks' experiments numerous flights

with and against the wind were made; culminating in the

establishing of a record by Orville Wright on October 25;

1911; when in a 52…mile per hour blow he reached an elevation

of 225 feet and remained in the air 10 minutes and 34

seconds。 The search for the secret of automatic stability

still continues; and though some remarkable progress has

been made the solution has not yet been reached。



NOTABLE CROSS…COUNTRY FLIGHTS OF 1911。



One of the important features of 1911 in aviation was the

rapid increase in the number and distance of cross…country

flights made either for the purpose of exhibition; testing;

instruction or pleasure。 Flights between cities in almost every

country of the world became common occurrences。 So great

was the number that only those of more than ordinary importance

because of speed; distance or duration are recorded。

The flights of Harry N。 Atwood from Boston to Washington

and from St。 Louis to New York; and C。 P。 Rodgers from

New York to Los Angeles were the most important events

of the kind in this country。 The St Louis to New York flight

was a distance by air route; 1;266 miles。 Duration of flight;

12 days。 Net flying time; 28 hours 53 minutes。 Average

daily flight; 105。5 miles。 Average speed; 43。9 miles per hour。



Transcontinental Flight of Calbraith P。 Rodgers。All

world records for cross…country flying were broken during

the New York to Los Angeles flight of Calbraith P。 Rodgers;

who left Sheepshead Bay; N。 Y。; on Sunday; September 17;

1911; and completed his flight to the Pacific Coast on Sunday;

November 5; at Pasadena; Cal。 Rodgers flew a Wright biplane;

and during his long trip the machine was repeatedly

repaired; so great was the strain of the long journey in the

air。 Rodgers is estimated to have covered 4;231 miles;

although the actual route as mapped out was but 4;017 miles。

Elapsed time to Pasadena; Cal。; 49 days; actual time in the

air; 4;924 minutes; equivalent to 3 days 10 hours 4 minutes;

average speed approximating 51 miles per hour。 Rodgers'

longest flight in one day was from Sanderson to Sierra Blanca;

Texas; on October 28; when he covered 231 miles。 On November

12; Rodgers fell at Compton; Cal。; and was badly injured;

causing a delay of 28 days。



European Circuit Race。Started from Paris on June 18;

1911。 Distance; 1;073 miles; via Paris to Liege; Liege to Spa

to Liege; Liege to Utrecht; Holland; Utrecht to Brussels;

Belgium; Brussels to Roubaix; Roubaix to Calais; Calais to

London; London to Calais and Calais to Paris。 Three aeronauts

were killed either at the start or shortly after the race

was in progress。 They were Capt。 Princetau; M。 Le Martin

and M。 Lendron。 Three others were injured by falls。 Seven

hundred thousand spectators witnessed the start from the

aviation field at Vincennes; near Paris。 There were more

than forty starters; of which eight finished。 The winner; Lieut。

Jean Conneau; who flies under the name of 〃Andre Beaumont;〃

completed the circuit on July 7; his actual net flying time for

the distance being 58h。 38m。 4…5s。



Circuit of England Race1;010 Miles in Five Sections。



Start; July 22。 Finish; July 26。 Prize; 50;000。 Twenty…

eight entries and eighteen starters。 Seventeen finished the

first section from Brooklands to Hendon; a distance of twenty

miles。 Five reached Edinburgh; the second section; a distance

of 343 miles; and four completed the entire circuit。



Paris to Madrid Race。This race was started at the Paris

aviation held at Issy…les…Moulineaux on Sunday; May 21。 There

were twenty…one entrants; and fully 300;000 spectators gathered

to witness the initial flight of the aerial races。 The race

was divided into three stages as follows: Paris to Angouleme;

248 miles; Angouleme to St。 Sebastian; 208 miles; and from

St。 Sebastian to Madrid; 386 miles; a total distance of 842

miles。 After three of the entrants had safely left the field;

Aviator Train lost control of his plane; and in falling struck

and killed M。 Berteaux; the French Minister of War; and

seriously injured Premier Monis。 The accident caused the

withdrawal of all but six of the original entrants; and of these

but one finished。 The race called for a flight over the

Pyrenees Mountains; and Vedrines; the winner; had to rise

to a height of more than 7;000 feet to pass the mountain

barrier near Somosierra Pass。 Both Vedrines and Gibert; another

competitor; were attacked by eagles during the latter

stages of the flight。 Vedrines; who started from Paris on

Monday; May 22; finished the long and perilous race at 8:06

a。 m。 Friday; May 26。 Vedrines net flying time; all controls

and enforced stops subtracted; was 14h。 55m。 18s。 The various

prizes to the winner aggregated 30;000。



The Paris…Rome…Turin Race。The conditions of this race

called for a flight between the cities of Paris; Rome and

Turin; covering a distance of 1;300 miles。 The aviators were

permitted by the rules to alight whenever and wherever they

desired and the time limit was set from May 28 to June 15。

A prize of 100;000 was offered the winner; but the contest

was never finished; as one after another the aviators dropped

out until Frey fell near Roncigilione; France; breaking both

arms and legs and unofficially ending the contest。 There

were twenty…one entries and twelve actual starters。



International Speed Cup Race。The third annual international

James Gordon Bennett speed cup race was held at

Eastchurch; England; on July 1; 1911; and for the second

time was won by an American aviator; C。 T。 Weymann; in a

French racing aeroplane。 The distance was 150 kilometres

equivalent to 94 miles; and the winner's time of 1h。 11m。 36s。

showed an average speed of 78。77 miles per hour。 The first

race was held in 1909 and was won by Glenn Curtiss; who

flew the twenty kilometres (12。4 miles) in 15 minutes 50 2…5

seconds at an average speed of 47 miles per hour。 In 1910

the winner was Grahame…White; who covered 100 kilometres

(62 miles) at Belmont Park; L。 I。; in 60 minutes 47 3…5 seconds;

an average speed of 61。3 miles per hour。 In the 1911

race there were six starters: three from France; two from

Great Britain and one from the United States。



Milan to Turin to Milan Race。This race which was

started from Milan; Italy; on October 29; was restricted to

Italian aviators and had six starters。 The distance was

approximately 177 miles and won by Manissero in a Bleriot

machine in 3h。 16m。 2 4…5s。



New York to Philadelphia Race。The first intercity aeroplane

race ever held in the United States was started from

New York City on August 5; and finished in Philadelphia the

same day。

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