philosophy 4-第6章

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abreast　of　that　gate　where　Diggs　of　the　Bird…in…Hand　had　met　them　at

sunset；　Bertie　was　only　aware　that　a　number　of　things　had　happened　at

once；　and　that　he　had　stopped　the　horse　after　about　twenty　yards　of

battle。　　Pride　filled　him；　but　emptied　away　in　the　same　instant；　for　a

voice　on　the　road　behind　him　spoke　inquiringly　through　the　darkness。



〃Did　any　one　fall　out？〃　said　the　voice。　　〃Who　fell　out？〃



〃Billy！〃　shrieked　Bertie；　cold　all　over。　　〃Billy；　are　you　hurt　〃



〃Did　Billy　fall　out？〃　said　the　voice；　with　plaintive　cadence。　　〃Poor

Billy！〃



〃He　can't　be；〃　muttered　Bertie。　　〃Are　you？〃　he　loudly　repeated。



There　was　no　answer：　but　steps　came　along　the　road　as　Bertie　checked　and

pacified　the　gelding。　　Then　Billy　appeared　by　the　wheel。　　〃Poor　Billy

fell　out；〃　he　said　mildly。　　He　held　something　up；　which　Bertie　took。　　It

had　been　Billy's　straw　hat；　now　a　brimless　fabric　of　ruin。　　Except　for

smirches　and　one　inexpressible　rent　which　dawn　revealed　to　Bertie　a

little　later；　there　were　no　further　injuries；　and　Billy　got　in　and　took

his　seat　quite　competently。



Bertie　drove　the　gelding　with　a　firm　hand　after　this。　　They　passed

through　the　cool　of　the　unseen　meadow　swamps；　and　heard　the　sound　of　the

hollow　bridges　as　they　crossed　them；　and　now　and　then　the　gulp　of　some

pouring　brook。　　They　went　by　the　few　lights　of　Mattapan；　seeing　from

some　points　on　their　way　the　beacons　of　the　harbor；　and　again　the

curving　line　of　lamps　that　drew　the　outline　of　some　village　built　upon　a

hill。　Dawn　showed　them　Jamaica　Pond；　smooth　and　breezeless；　and

encircled　with　green　skeins　of　foliage；　delicate　and　new。　　Here

multitudinous　birds　were　chirping　their　tiny；　overwhelming　chorus。　　When

at　length；　across　the　flat　suburban　spaces；　they　again　sighted　Memorial

tower；　small　in　the　distance；　the　sun　was　lighting　it。



Confronted　by　this；　thoughts　of　hitherto　banished　care；　and　of　the

morrow　that　was　now　to…day；　and　of　Philosophy　4　coming　in　a　very　few

hours；　might　naturally　have　arisen　and　darkened　the　end　of　their

pleasant　excursion。　　Not　so；　however。　　Memorial　tower　suggested　another

line　of　argument。　　It　was　Billy　who　spoke；　as　his　eyes　first　rested　upon

that　eminent　pinnacle　of　Academe。



〃Well；　John　owes　me　five　dollars。〃



〃Ten；　you　mean。〃



〃Ten？　　How？〃



〃Why；　her　hair。　　And　it　was　easily　worth　twenty。〃



Billy　turned　his　head　and　looked　suspiciously　at　Bertie。　　〃What　did　I

do？〃　he　asked。



〃Do！　　Don't　you　know？〃



Billy　in　all　truth　did　not；



〃Phew！〃　went　Bertie。　　〃Well；　I　don't；　either。　　Didn't　see　it。　　Saw　the

consequences；　though。　　Don't　you　remember　being　ready　to　apologize？　What

do　you　remember；　anyhow？〃



Billy　consulted　his　recollections　with　care：　they　seemed　to　break　off　at

the　champagne。　　That　was　early。　　Bertie　was　astonished。　　Did　not　Billy

remember　singing　〃Brace　up　and　dress　the　Countess；〃　and　〃A　noble　lord

the　Earl　of　Leicester〃？　　He　had　sung　them　quite　in　his　usual　manner；

conversing　freely　between　whiles。　　In　fact；　to　see　and　hear　him；　no　one

would　have　suspected　〃It　must　have　been　that　extra　silver…fizz　you

took　before　dinner；〃　said　Bertie。　　〃Yes；〃　said　Billy；〃　that's　what　it

must　have　been。〃　　Bertie　supplied　the　gap　in　his　memory；a　matter　of

several　hours；　it　seemed。　　During　most　of　this　time　Billy　had　met　the

demands　of　each　moment　quite　like　his　usual　agreeable　selfa

sleep…walking　state。　　It　was　only　when　the　hair　incident　was　reached

that　his　conduct　had　noticeably　crossed　the　line。　　He　listened　to　all

this　with　interest　intense。



〃John　does　owe　me　ten；　I　think；〃　said　he。



〃I　say　so；〃　declared　Bertie。　　〃When　do　you　begin　to　remember　again？〃



〃After　I　got　in　again　at　the　gate。　　Why　did　I　get　out？〃



〃You　fell　out；　man。〃



Billy　was　incredulous。



〃You　did。　　You　tore　your　clothes　wide　open。〃



Billy；　looking　at　his　trousers；　did　not　see　it。



〃Rise；　and　I'll　show　you；〃　said　Bertie。



〃Goodness　gracious！〃　said　Billy。



Thus　discoursing；　they　reached　Harvard　Square。　　Not　your　Harvard　Square；

gentle　reader；　that　place　populous　with　careless　youths　and　careful

maidens　and　reticent　persons　with　books；　but　one　of　sleeping　windows　and

clear；　cool　air　and　few　sounds；　a　Harvard　Square　of　emptiness　and

conspicuous　sparrows　and　milk　wagons　and　early　street…car　conductors　in

long　coats　going　to　their　breakfast；　and　over　all　this　the　sweetness　of

the　arching　elms。



As　the　gelding　turned　down　toward　Pike's；　the　thin　old　church　clock

struck。　　〃Always　sounds；〃　said　Billy；　〃like　cambric　tea。〃



〃Cambridge　tea；〃　said　Bertie。



〃Walk　close　behind　me；〃　said　Billy；　as　they　came　away　from　the　livery

stable。　　〃Then　they　won't　see　the　hole。〃



Bertie　did　so；　but　the　hole　was　seen　by　the　street…car　conductors　and

the　milkmen；　and　these　sympathetic　hearts　smiled　at　the　sight　of　the

marching　boys；　and　loved　them　without　knowing　any　more　of　them　than

this。　　They　reached　their　building　and　separated。











V







One　hour　later　they　met。　　Shaving　and　a　cold　bath　and　summer　flannels；

not　only　clean　but　beautiful；　invested　them　with　the　radiant　innocence

of　flowers。　　It　was　still　too　early　for　their　regular　breakfast；　and

they　sat　down　to　eggs　and　coffee　at　the　Holly　Tree。



〃I　waked　John　up；〃　said　Billy。〃　　He　is　satisfied。〃



〃Let's　have　another　order；〃　said　Bertie。　　〃These　eggs　are　delicious。〃

Each　of　them　accordingly　ate　four　eggs　and　drank　two　cups　of　coffee。



〃Oscar　called　five　times；〃　said　Billy；　and　he　threw　down　those　cards

which　Oscar　had　so　neatly　written。



〃There's　multiplicity　of　the　ego　for　you！〃　said　Bertie。



Now；　inspiration　is　a　strange　thing；　and　less　obedient　even　than　love　to

the　will　of　man。　　It　will　decline　to　come　when　you　prepare　for　it　with

the　loftiest　intentions；　and；　lo！　at　an　accidental　word　it　will　suddenly

fill　you；　as　at　this　moment　it　filled　Billy。



〃By　gum！〃　said　he；　laying　his　fork　down。　　〃Multiplicity　of　the　ego。　Look

here。　　I　fall　out　of　a　buggy　and　ask〃



〃By　gum！〃　said　Bertie；　now　also　visited　by　inspiration。



〃Don't　you　see？〃　said　Billy。



〃I　see　a　whole　lot　more；〃　said　Bertie；　with　excitement。　　〃I　had　to　tell

you　about　your　singing。〃　　And　the　two　burst　into　a　flare　of　talk。　To

hear　such　words　as　cognition；　attention；　retention；　entity；　and

identity；　freely　mingled　with　such　other　words　as　silver…fizz　and　false

hair；　brought　John；　the　egg…and…coffee　man；　as　near　surprise　as　his

impregnable　nature　permitted。　　Thus　they　finished　their　large　breakfast；

and　hastened　to　their　notes　for　a　last　good　bout　at　memorizing

Epicharmos　of　Kos　and　his　various　brethren。　　The　appointed　hour　found

them　crossing　the　college　yard　toward　a　door　inside　which　Philosophy　4

awaited　them：　three　hours　of　written　examination！　　But　they　looked　more

roseate　and　healthy　than　most　of　the　anxious　band　whose　steps　were

converging　to　that　same　gate　of　judgment。　　Oscar；　meeting　them　on　the

way；　gave　them　his　deferential　〃Good　morning；〃　and　trusted　that　the

gentlemen　felt　easy。　　Quite　so；　they　told　him；　and　bade　him　feel　easy

about　his　pay；　for　which　they　were；　of　course；　responsible。　　Oscar

wished　them　good　luck　and　watched　them　go　to　their　desks　with　his　Iittle

eyes；　smiling　in　his　particular　manner。　　Then　he　dismissed　them　from　his

mind；　and　sat　with　a　faint　remnant　of　his　smile；　fluently　writing　his

perfectly　accurate　answer　to　the　first　question　upon　the　examination

paper。



Here　is　that　paper。　　You　will　not　be　able　to　answer　all　the　questions；

probably；　but　you　may　be　glad　to　know　what　such　things　are　like。





　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　PHILOSOPHY　4





1。　　Thales；　Zeno；　Parmenides；　Heracleitos；　Anaxagoras。　　State　briefly

the　doctrine　of　each。



2。　　Phenomenon；　noumenon。　　Discuss　these　terms。　　Name　their　modern

descendants。



3。　　Thought=Being。　　Assuming　this；　state　the　difference；　if　any；　between

（1）　memory　and　anticipation；　（2）　sleep　and　waking。



4。　　Democritus；　Pythagoras；　Bacon。　　State　the　relation　between　them。　In

what　terms　must　the　objective　world　ultimately　be　stated？　　Why？



5。　　Experience　is　the　result　of　time　and　space　being　included　in　the

nature　of　mind。　　Discuss　this。



6。　　Nihil　est　in　intellectu　quod　non　prius　fuerit　in　sensibus。　　Whose

doctrine？　　Discuss　it。



7。　　What　is　the　inherent　limitation　in　all　ancient　philosophy？　　Who

first　removed　it？



8。　　Mind　is　expressed　through　what？　　Matter　through　what？　　Is　speech　the

result　or　the　cause　of　thought？



9。　　Discuss　the　nature　of　the　ego。



10。　　According　to　Plato；　Locke；êBerkeley；　where　would　the　sweetness　of　a

honeycomb　reside？　　Where　would　its　shape？　its　weight？　　Where　do　you

think　these　properties　reside？





Ten　questions；　and　no　Epicharmos　of　Kos。　　But　no　examination　paper　asks

everything；　and　this　one　did　ask　a　good　deal。　　Bertie　and　Billy　wrote

the　full　time　allotted；　and　found　that　they　could　have　filled　an　hour

more　without　coming　to　the　end　of　their　thoughts。　　Comparing　notes　at

lunch；　their　information　was　discovered　to　have　been　lacking　here　and

there。　　Nevertheless；　it　was　no　failure；　their　inner　convictions　were

sure　of　fifty　per　cent　at　least；　and　this　was　all　they　asked　of　the

gods。　　〃I　was　ripping　about　the　ego；〃　said　Bertie。　　〃I　was　rather

splendid　myself；〃　said　Billy；　〃when　I　got　going。　　And　I　gave　him　a　huge

steer　about　memory。〃　　After　lunch　both　retired　to　their　beds　and　fell

into　sweet　oblivion　until　seven　o'clock；　when　they　rose　and　dined；　and

after　playing　a　little　poker　went　to　bed　again　pretty　early。



Some　six　mornings　later；　when　the　Professor　returned　their　papers　to

them；　their　minds　were　washed　almost　as　clear　of　Plato　and　Thales　as

were　their　bodies　of　yesterday's　dust。　　The　dates　and　doctrines；　hastily

memorized　to　rattle　off　upon　the　great　occasion；　lay　only　upon　the

surface　of　their　minds；　and　after　use　they　quickly　evaporated。　　To　their

pleasure　and　most　genuine　astonishment；　the　Professor　paid　them　high

compliments。　　Bertie's　discussion　of　the　double　personality　had　been　the

most　intelligent　which　had　come　in　from　any　of　the　class。　　The

illustration　of　the　intoxicated　hack…driver　who　had　fallen　from　his　hack

and　inquired　who　it　was　that　had　fallen；　and　then　had　pitied　himself；

was；　said　the　Professor；　as　original　and　perfect　an　illustration　of　our

subjective…objectivity　as　he　had　met　with　in　all　his　researches。　　And

Billy's　suggestions　concerning　the　inherency　of　time　and　space　in　the

mind　the　Professor　had　also　found　very　striking　and　independent；

particularly　his　reasoning　based　upon　the　well…known　distortions　of　time

and　space　which　hashish　and　other　drugs　produce　in　us。　　This　was　the

sort　of　thing　which　the　Professor　had　wanted　from　his　students：　free

comment　and　discussions；　the　spirit　of　the　course；　rather　than　any

strict　adherence　to　the　letter。　　He　had　constructed　his　questions　to

elicit　as　muc