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第12章

2006-4-10李敖系列之32坐牢家爸爸给女儿的八十封信-第12章


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  锡克人长得人高马大,是战士,常做警察和开计程车的(There are about six million Sikhs; and their picturesque appearance distinguishes them from the rest of the population。 They are strong; tall and vigorous; and in cities often serve as policemen; watchmen and cab drivers。);所以理发的也不敢捉他们,也捉不到。锡克人为什么不理发呢,因为他们信锡克教,锡克教(Sikhism)不准,于是锡克人就把须发缠在一起,在头顶上用白布包起来。(Keeping the hair and beard tied in a knot above the head。)(The Sikhs' religion forbids them to cut their hair or beards。 It strongly emphasizes the brotherhood of all men and forbids the drinking of alcohol。 These soldiers have their hair fastened into a tightly…rolled topknot on the crown of the head and are wearing the characteristic beard retainer; a fine net attached to the ears at either end。)
  锡克教虽然“一毛不拔”,但却集合了别的宗教的长处,主张平等。它的教主叫,是十五到十六世纪的人,为了信仰,死在牢里了。锡克教也不准喝酒,所以不但理发公会理事长恨他们,烟酒公卖局的局长也恨他们。
  你记得去年二月十六日爸爸给你谈牛的信上,提到的印度“牛被惯得可以在马路上逛”吗?这是因为印度有百分之八十五是印度教徒,印度教徒只拿牛耕田拉车,但不许吃牛肉,因为他们认为牛是神圣的。印度选举的时候,因为不认识字的人太多,不知道哪一党是哪一党,于是在选票上印上图画,用牛代表国大党(就是甘地夫人那一党),结果大家都投牛的票!(牛以外,monkeys and snakes也神圣。)
  印度教(Hinduism)(The religious(Polytheistic)and social systems of the Hindus; developed from Brahmanism; and embodying animistic beliefs。 The caste system is the chief characteristic。印度多神教,为婆罗门教的变相,并信灵魂造生命之说,社会阶级制度是它主要特点)虽然对牛客气,对人却极不客气。印度教把人分四种阶级(caste),每一阶级干什么,永远干什么(从爷爷的爷爷到孙子的孙子)。四阶级中,第三级是农人商人(甘地就属于这一级,甘地坐过近六年五个月的牢,爸爸在去年十月十九日信上跟你谈过),第四级是奴隶、仆人。另有一种不入级的叫“不能碰的”(Untouchables),连做奴隶、仆人都不准,甚至不准他们工作,只准讨饭(even forbidden to work; and can only beg),讨饭还不准在给钱的人的身边讨,要躲得远远的,钱由给钱的人丢在地下,Untouchables再去捡,直接给是不行的,这叫“授受不亲”!
  Untouchables的影子碰到了上面说的四阶级都不行!被影子碰到了就得赶快洗澡!
  Untouchables有六千万——台湾人口的四倍!
  其他阶级的人,若犯了规,一被开除,就沦为Untouchables,所以大家都不敢,万一犯规,也缴罚金或吃牛屎喝牛尿(cow dung and cow urine)来求饶,下次再也不敢犯规了(promise never to sin again),因为一变成Untouchables就等于变成了political prisoner,谁都要躲着你了。
  你看过《西游记》吗?西游记里唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒去西天取经,就是去印度,印度是佛教(Buddhism)的发源地,佛教的教主是释迦牟尼(Sakyamuni),比耶稣大五六○岁,比孔夫子大十二岁。佛教很奇怪,它在印度传了一千年,传丢了——印度自己没了,却跑到别人家里去了,印度的邻居(像中国)和邻居的邻居(像日本),都到处是佛教徒,可是印度今天自己的佛教徒,只不过三四百万(两百多个人里头,才有一个信佛的),你说怪不怪?
  其实也不怪,因为印度教把佛教吸收到它大口袋里头去了,所以今天的印度,还有很多很多佛教的痕迹,印度国旗中间那个脚踏车车轮子,就是佛教里头“法轮长转”的法轮(Flag of India。 The saffron(orange…yellow)stripe is for courage and sacrifice;white is for truth and purity;and green for faith and chivalry; the wheel is an ancient symbol; the Dharma Chakra(Wheel of Law)。 Adopted in 1947),公元前三世纪的印度阿育王(Asoka)——他就是拼命把佛教传到别人家里去的家伙——有石狮子雕刻,下面就是这法轮。
  又如两手“合十”,这也是佛教的习惯。去年十月十九日信上跟你提到的坐过一年一个月牢的political prisoner甘地夫人这个手势(gesture),你注意一下。
  恒河(Ganges)是印度的大河,中国佛教里有“恒河沙数”的话,表示很多很多。印度教徒相信死后河葬可升天堂,所以不但在河里洗澡,把火葬后的骨灰也丢到河里去。
  印度人火葬,因为相信人死了一烧,就可把灵魂烧出来,使灵魂从肉体里解脱出来(free the soul from the body)(中国直到宋朝才有火葬,《水浒传》你看过吗?打虎的武松哥哥即潘金莲的丈夫武大郎就是火葬的)。
  印度的火葬是公开的露天的(public cremation),印度古习惯,丈夫死了,太太要在火葬时跳到火堆里陪死!英文叫suttee,印度人以前平均只活三十二岁(现在已到四十一岁了),丈夫很容易早死,一死太太就倒了霉,这种坏风俗,现在已经犯法了。(SUTTEE is a Hindu custom that people once practiced is India。 Its name es from the Sanskrit word sati; which means faithful wife。 By the custom of suttee; a widow allows herself to be burned to death beside her husband's body on the funeral pyre。 The pyre is a pile of material that burns easily。 No one knows how the custom began。 An ancient book states that a widow should lie by her husband's body on the funeral pyre。 A few widows; especially the wives of kings; refused to leave the pyre and burned to death。 In 1829; the British; then the rulers of India; made suttee illegal。)
  不过做印度人老婆,有一个人至少占了便宜,那就是三百年前印度国王沙迦罕(Shah Jahan)的老婆默哈儿(Mahal),她死后,她丈夫为她花了二十多年,修了一座漂亮的大坟——Taj Mahal,taj是阿拉伯文皇冠(crown)的意思。Taj Mahal是印度最有代表性的建筑,在印度Agra地方(地图上没有,爸爸为你点了一个小·点就在那儿)。它是全世界最漂亮的坟。(TAJ MAHAL at Agra; in north central India; the crowning jewel of Indo…Islamic architecture。 A Mogul ruler; Shah Jahan; erected the monument as a tomb for a beloved wife; Arjumand Banu; better know by her title of Mumtaz Mahal or Taj Mahan 1(Crown of the Palace)。 In 1631 she died after bearing fourteen children in eighteen years。 The construction of the tomb; begun the next year; employed some 20000 workmen for nearly twenty years。)
  印度女人头上多点小点,叫“吉祥点”,她们披“纱丽”(sari),二十英尺长三英尺宽,不用裁缝(当然裁缝恨这东西)。有的女人穷得只有一件纱丽,所以没法洗换。(Many Indian men have partly adopted European dress。 Indian women; however; remain loyal to the national costume; the sari; a garment which emphasizes their dignified and majestic bearing。 The simple yet extremely elegant line of the sari is reminiscent of the costume of ancient Greece; while its striking colors; and gold and silver embroidery; are a further example of the Indians' love of bright things。 The garment is a strip of cloth some twenty feet long and three feet wide。 It is draped round the body without any pin or button being used。 It is extremely simple in use and presents no dress…making problem。)
  印度女人喜欢装饰品,甚至装饰到鼻子上,这当然要很有钱的才办得到。印度穷人根本没家,睡马路上,有钱的最阔的有十亿美金!这是最不对的事。英国人统治印度一九○年,这种现象当然英国人要负责任。
  印度太穷,人太多(全世界中国人最多,其次是印度人)。
  印度的宪法,是全世界最长的。(The constitution of India is the longest in the world。)
  印度人吃饭用右手抓着吃,认为左手没右手干净。(他们这些怪毛病可真多!)(The various Hindu castes have different food laws。 Most castes eat only with the right hand because they consider the left hand unclean。 Some castes eat meat; and others eat fish but not meat。 Some eat neither meat nor fish; but so eat eggs。 Still others do not eat eggs。)
  印度象比非洲象小一点,长得也不太一样。
  就是中国的墨汁。就是中国的圣经纸。这两样东西明明是中国的却用上印度名字。
  印度的蛇很多,每年咬死三十万人。印度有玩蛇的或弄蛇的(snake…charmer),在蛇面前吹笛子,其实蛇听不见,只是看他动作再跟着动。(Indian Snake Charmer may fool his audience; but he does not charm the snake。 The cobra cannot hear the music of the flute。 It sways merely to follow the movements of the charmer。)
  印度人喜欢看猫鼬(mongoose)和眼镜蛇(cobra)大战,猫鼬的动作比蛇快,所以老是占上风。猫鼬鼬平时很温和,但看到蛇就凶得很。
  印度最有名的文学家叫泰戈尔(Tagore),他到中国来过,得过Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖),中国的一位学者梁启超,给Tagore起了一个中国名字叫“竺震旦”。(竺是天竺,古代中国叫印度是“天竺”,震旦是“中国”的另一叫法。)(TAGORE was an Indian poet; philosopher; and supporter of freedom for India。 In his many poems and songs; he stirred pride among his Hindu countrymen。 He also had a strong influence on the West。 Tagore was influenced by European models in his writings。 He was a mystical and religious poet; and saw God in all beauties of nature。 He wrote prose and poetry in the Bengali Language。 These have been translated into many languages。 Tagore received the 1913 Nobel Prize in Iiterature。)
  你可请姥姥替你买一本竺震旦的书看。《失群的鸟》也有人翻译成《漂鸟集》或《飞鸟集》。
  爸 爸 一九七五年四月二十日
  你送来的书、卡片、画片都收到。
  
  萨摩亚与自挽诗
  亲爱的小文:
  南太平洋有十四个小岛叫萨摩亚(Samoa is a group of 14 islands in the South Pacific Ocean。),东边的一堆属于美国,叫American Samoa,西边的叫Western Samoa(西萨摩亚),是个小国家,只有台湾的十三分之一大,人口十八万,它出产的三种主要东西,念起来都有点口吃(结巴,stammer):
  一、bananas(香蕉)——nana
  二、cacao(可可)——caca
  三、coconuts(椰子)——coco
  一结结巴巴,就扯不清了,果然出了麻烦。
  可可(cacao)是做巧克力(chocolate)和可可粉的,但可可粉的英文是cocoa,这个字看起来好像是coconuts(椰子)做出来的,所以大家都叫做椰子粉,其实只是可可粉,不是椰子粉。(Because of a mistake in spelling; probably made by English importers many years ago; these beans became known as cocoa beans in English…speaking countries。 This causes many people to think the beans e from the coconut palm tree instead of the cacao tree。)
  Samoa这地方气温很怪,十二月最热,七月最冷(December is the hottest month and July the coldest。)。Samoa人喜欢打cricket(板球),但不喜欢打cricket(蟋蟀),板球和蟋蟀,在英文中同一个字。
  The crickets are chirping(or are crying)。(蟋蟀在叫。)
  They are playing a match at cricket。(他们在做板球比赛。)
  更喜欢在雨地里打。(Samoans love to stay out in a cooling rain。)(Samoans enjoy dancing very much。 They also love to play their own version of cricket; a game they learned from the English missionaries。 They play cricket with teams that may have from 10 to 300 players; pared to 11 players in normal cricket game。)
  男女多穿一种叫lava…lava的裙子,其实就是一块布,卷成裙子。(Most Samoan men and some women wear only a lava…lava; a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist like a skirt。 Some wear a blouse or shirt with their lava…lava。 Most of the women wear dresses; or a skirt and blouse。)
  在国会里开会也穿裙子。
  他们的囚犯白天不坐牢,白天照常做自己的事,晚上才到牢里报到。并且监狱也没有铁栏杆(Prisoners live in jail without bars。),房子比平常住的还像样,因为他们平常只住四面通风的fale(open…sided fale),是用椰子树做材料搭起来的。(The people live in open…sided fale(house)that have a thatched roof supported by poles。 They roll down palm leaf blinds when it rains。)
  中国古话说“画地为牢”(to draw a circle on the ground for a prison; as was done in the “good old days”)、说“夜不闭户”(There's no need to close doors at night。)……这些世界大同的标准,西萨摩亚人都做到了。
  西萨摩亚人并没有钱,他们每人每年只有七十五美金,就是每月六块美金(每天两毛钱),但他们不需要钱。
  《金银岛》(Treasure Island)的作者斯蒂文森(R。 L。 Stevenson)九十年前死在西萨摩亚。只活了四十四岁(他的太太比他大十一岁),死前他写了一首《安魂曲》(Requiem)。(Requiem…1。 A Mass for the repose of a departed soul or souls; 安魂祭(安去世灵魂的弥撒祭)。2。 A setting of the Mass for the dead; 安魂曲(即死者弥撒祭时所奏之曲)的一段乐谱。Also; a piece of like character for other words; 又指吊歌、挽歌。3。 Any g

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