of the nature of things-第16章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
Nor clouds in ocean deeps; nor in the fields
Can fishes live; nor blood in timber be;
Nor sap in boulders: fixed and arranged
Where everything may grow and have its place。
Thus nature of mind cannot arise alone
Without the body; nor exist afar
From thews and blood。 But if 'twere possible;
Much rather might this very power of mind
Be in the head; the shoulders or the heels;
And; born in any part soever; yet
In the same man; in the same vessel abide。
But since within this body even of ours
Stands fixed and appears arranged sure
Where soul and mind can each exist and grow;
Deny we must the more that they can have
Duration and birth; wholly outside the frame。
For; verily; the mortal to conjoin
With the eternal; and to feign they feel
Together; and can function each with each;
Is but to dote: for what can be conceived
Of more unlike; discrepant; ill…assorted;
Than something mortal in a union joined
With an immortal and a secular
To bear the outrageous tempests?
Then; again;
Whatever abides eternal must indeed
Either repel all strokes; because 'tis made
Of solid body; and permit no entrance
Of aught with power to sunder from within
The parts compact… as are those seeds of stuff
Whose nature we've exhibited before;
Or else be able to endure through time
For this: because they are from blows exempt;
As is the void; the which abides untouched;
Unsmit by any stroke; or else because
There is no room around; whereto things can;
As 'twere; depart in dissolution all;…
Even as the sum of sums eternal is;
Without or place beyond whereto things may
Asunder fly; or bodies which can smite;
And thus dissolve them by the blows of might。
But if perchance the soul's to be adjudged
Immortal; mainly on ground 'tis kept secure
In vital forces… either because there come
Never at all things hostile to its weal;
Or else because what come somehow retire;
Repelled or ere we feel the harm they work;
。 。 。 。 。 。
For; lo; besides that; when the frame's diseased;
Soul sickens too; there cometh; many a time;
That which torments it with the things to be;
Keeps it in dread; and wearies it with cares;
And even when evil acts are of the past;
Still gnaw the old transgressions bitterly。
Add; too; that frenzy; peculiar to the mind;
And that oblivion of the things that were;
Add its submergence in the murky waves
Of drowse and torpor。
FOLLY OF THE FEAR OF DEATH
Therefore death to us
Is nothing; nor concerns us in the least;
Since nature of mind is mortal evermore。
And just as in the ages gone before
We felt no touch of ill; when all sides round
To battle came the Carthaginian host;
And the times; shaken by tumultuous war;
Under the aery coasts of arching heaven
Shuddered and trembled; and all humankind
Doubted to which the empery should fall
By land and sea; thus when we are no more;
When comes that sundering of our body and soul
Through which we're fashioned to a single state;
Verily naught to us; us then no more;
Can come to pass; naught move our senses then…
No; not if earth confounded were with sea;
And sea with heaven。 But if indeed do feel
The nature of mind and energy of soul;
After their severance from this body of ours;
Yet nothing 'tis to us who in the bonds
And wedlock of the soul and body live;
Through which we're fashioned to a single state。
And; even if time collected after death
The matter of our frames and set it all
Again in place as now; and if again
To us the light of life were given; O yet
That process too would not concern us aught;
When once the self…succession of our sense
Has been asunder broken。 And now and here;
Little enough we're busied with the selves
We were aforetime; nor; concerning them;
Suffer a sore distress。 For shouldst thou gaze
Backwards across all yesterdays of time
The immeasurable; thinking how manifold
The motions of matter are; then couldst thou well
Credit this too: often these very seeds
(From which we are to…day) of old were set
In the same order as they are to…day…
Yet this we can't to consciousness recall
Through the remembering mind。 For there hath been
An interposed pause of life; and wide
Have all the motions wandered everywhere
From these our senses。 For if woe and ail
Perchance are toward; then the man to whom
The bane can happen must himself be there
At that same time。 But death precludeth this;
Forbidding life to him on whom might crowd
Such irk and care; and granted 'tis to know:
Nothing for us there is to dread in death;
No wretchedness for him who is no more;
The same estate as if ne'er born before;
When death immortal hath ta'en the mortal life。
Hence; where thou seest a man to grieve because
When dead he rots with body laid away;
Or perishes in flames or jaws of beasts;
Know well: he rings not true; and that beneath
Still works an unseen sting upon his heart;
However he deny that he believes。
His shall be aught of feeling after death。
For he; I fancy; grants not what he says;
Nor what that presupposes; and he fails
To pluck himself with all his roots from life
And cast that self away; quite unawares
Feigning that some remainder's left behind。
For when in life one pictures to oneself
His body dead by beasts and vultures torn;
He pities his state; dividing not himself
Therefrom; removing not the self enough
From the body flung away; imagining
Himself that body; and projecting there
His own sense; as he stands beside it: hence
He grieves that he is mortal born; nor marks
That in true death there is no second self
Alive and able to sorrow for self destroyed;
Or stand lamenting that the self lies there
Mangled or burning。 For if it an evil is
Dead to be jerked about by jaw and fang
Of the wild brutes; I see not why 'twere not
Bitter to lie on fires and roast in flames;
Or suffocate in honey; and; reclined
On the smooth oblong of an icy slab;
Grow stiff in cold; or sink with load of earth
Down…crushing from above。
〃Thee now no more
The joyful house and best of wives shall welcome;
Nor little sons run up to snatch their kisses
And touch with silent happiness thy heart。
Thou shalt not speed in undertakings more;
Nor be the warder of thine own no more。
Poor wretch;〃 they say; 〃one hostile hour hath ta'en
Wretchedly from thee all life's many guerdons;〃
But add not; 〃yet no longer unto thee
Remains a remnant of desire for them〃
If this they only well perceived with mind
And followed up with maxims; they would free
Their state of man from anguish and from fear。
〃O even as here thou art; aslumber in death;
So shalt thou slumber down the rest of time;
Released from every harrying pang。 But we;
We have bewept thee with insatiate woe;
Standing beside whilst on the awful pyre
Thou wert made ashes; and no day shall take
For us the eternal sorrow from the breast。〃
But ask the mourner what's the bitterness
That man should waste in an eternal grief;
If; after all; the thing's but sleep and rest?
For when the soul and frame together are sunk
In slumber; no one then demands his self
Or being。 Well; this sleep may be forever;
Without desire of any selfhood more;
For all it matters unto us asleep。
Yet not at all do those primordial germs
Roam round our members; at that time; afar
From their own motions that produce our senses…
Since; when he's startled from his sleep; a man
Collects his senses。 Death is; then; to us
Much less… if there can be a less than that
Which is itself a nothing: for there comes
Hard upon death a scattering more great
Of the throng of matter; and no man wakes up
On whom once falls the icy pause of life。
This too; O often from the soul men say;
Along their couches holding of the cups;
With faces shaded by fresh wreaths awry:
〃Brief is this fruit of joy to paltry man;
Soon; soon departed; and thereafter; no;
It may not be recalled。〃… As if; forsooth;
It were their prime of evils in great death
To parch; poor tongues; with thirst and arid drought;
Or chafe for any lack。
Once more; if Nature
Should of a sudden send a voice abroad;
And her own self inveigh against us so:
〃Mortal; what hast thou of such grave concern
That thou indulgest in too sickly plaints?
Why this bemoaning and beweeping death?
For if thy life aforetime and behind
To thee was grateful; and not all thy good
Was heaped as in sieve to flow away
And perish unavailingly; why not;
Even like a banqueter; depart the halls;
Laden with life? why not with mind content
Take now; thou fool; thy unafflicted rest?
But if whatever thou enjoyed hath been
Lavished and lost; and life is now offence;
Why seekest more to add… which in its turn
Will perish foully and fall out in vain?
O why not rather make an end of life;
Of labour? For all I may devise or find
To pleasure thee is nothing: all things are
The same forever。 Though not yet thy body
Wrinkles with years; nor yet the frame exhausts
Outworn; still things abide the same; even if
Thou goest on to conquer all of time
With length of days; yea; if thou never diest〃…
What were our answer; but that Nature here
Urges just suit and in her words lays down
True cause of action? Yet should one complain;
Riper in years and elder; and lament;
Poor devil; his death more sorely than is fit;
Then would she not; with greater right; on him
Cry out; inveighing with a voice more shrill:
〃Off with thy tears; and choke thy whines; buffoon!
Thou wrinklest… after thou hast had the sum
Of the guerdons of life; yet; since thou cravest ever
What's not at hand; contemning present good;
That life has slipped away; unperfected
And unavailing unto thee。 And now;
Or ere thou guessed it; death beside thy head
Stands… and before thou canst be going home
Sated and laden with the goodly feast。
But now yield all that's alien to thine age;…
Up; with good grace! make room for sons: thou must。〃
Justly; I fancy; would she reason thus;
Justly inveigh and gird: since ever the old
Outcrowded by the new gives way; and ever
The one thing from the others is repaired。
Nor no man is consigned to the abyss
Of Tartarus; the black。 For stuff must be;
That thus the after…generations grow;…
Though these; their life completed; follow thee;
And thus like thee are generations all…
Already fallen; or some time to fall。
So one thing from another rises ever;
And in fee…simple life is given to none;
But unto all mere usufruct。
Look back:
Nothing to us was all fore…passed eld
Of time the eternal; ere we had a birth。
And Nature holds this like a mirror up
Of time…to…be when we are dead and gone。
And what is there so horrible appears?
Now what is there so sad about it all?
Is't not serener far than any sleep?
And; verily; those tortures said to be
In Acheron; the deep; they all are ours
Here in this life。 No Tantalus; benumbed
With baseless terror; as the fables tell;
Fears the huge boulder hanging in the air:
But; rather; in life an empty dread of Gods
Urges mortality; and each one fears
Such fall of fortune as may chance to him。
Nor eat the vultures into Tityus
Prostrate in Acheron; nor can they find;
Forsooth; throughout eternal ages; aught
To pry around for in