anabasis-第28章

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o　Thuc。　iv。　13；　and　Smith's　〃Dict。　Geog。　　　　　（s。v。）〃

Out　of　the　portion　which　fell　to　Xenophon　he　caused　a　dedicatory　ofering　to　Apollo　to　be　made　and　dedicated　among　the　treasures　of　the　Athenians　at　Delphi＇2＇。　It　was　inscribed　with　his　own　name　and　that　of　Proxenus；　his　friend；　who　was　killed　with　Clearchus。　The　gift　for　Artemis　of　the　Ephesians　was；　in　the　first　instance；　left　behind　by　him　in　Asia　at　the　time　when　he　left　that　part　of　the　world　himself　with　Agesilaus　on　the　march　into　Boeotia＇3＇。　He　left　it　behind　in　charge　of　Megabyzus；　the　sacristan　of　the　goddess；　thinking　that　the　voyage　on　which　he　was　starting　was　fraught　with　danger。　In　the　event　of　his　coming　out　of　it　alive；　he　charged　Megabyzus　to　restore　to　him　the　deposit；　but　should　any　evil　happen　to　him；　then　he　was　to　cause　to　be　made　and　to　dedicate　on　his　behalf　to　Artemis；　whatsoever　thing　he　thought　would　be　pleasing　to　the　goddess。

＇2＇　Cf。　Herod。　i。　14；　Strabo。　ix。　420　for　such　private　treasuries　at　　　　　Delphi。

＇3＇　I。e。　in　the　year　B。C。　394。　The　circumstances　under　which　Agesilaus　　　　　was　recalled　from　Asia；　with　the　details　of　his　march　and　the　　　　　battle　of　Coronea；　are　described　by　Xenophon　in　the　fourth　book　of　　　　　the　〃Hellenica。〃

In　the　days　of　his　banishment；　when　Xenophon　was　now　established　by　the　Lacedaemonians　as　a　colonist　in　Scillus＇4＇；　a　place　which　lies　on　　　7　the　main　road　to　Olympia；　Megabyzus　arrived　on　his　way　to　Olympia　as　a　spectator　to　attend　the　games；　and　restored　to　him　the　deposit。　Xenophon　took　the　money　and　bought　for　the　goddess　a　plot　of　ground　at　a　point　indicated　to　him　by　the　oracle。　The　plot；　it　so　happened；　had　its　own　Selinus　river　flowing　through　it；　just　as　at　Ephesus　the　river　Selinus　flows　past　the　temple　of　Artemis；　and　in　both　streams　fish　and　mussels　are　to　be　found。　On　the　estate　at　Scillus　there　is　hunting　and　shooting　of　all　the　beasts　of　the　chase　that　are。

＇4＇　Scillus；　a　town　of　Triphylia；　a　district　of　Elis。　In　B。C。　572　the　　　　　Eleians　had　razed　Pisa　and　Scillus　to　the　ground。　But　between　B。C。　　　　　392　and　387　the　Lacedaemonians；　having　previously　（B。C。　400；　　　　　〃Hell。〃　III。　ii。　30）　compelled　the　Eleians　to　renounce　their　　　　　supremacy　over　their　dependent　cities；　colonised　Scillus　and　　　　　eventually　gave　it　to　Xenophon；　then　an　exile　from　Athens。　　　　　Xenophon　resided　here　from　fifteen　to　twenty　years；　but　was；　it　is　　　　　said；　expelled　from　it　by　the　Eleians　soon　after　the　battle　of　　　　　Leuctra；　in　B。C。　371。〃Dict。　Geog。　（s。v。）〃　The　site　of　the　place；　　　　　and　of　Xenophon's　temple；　is　supposed　to　be　in　the　neighbourhood　　　　　of　the　modern　village　of　Chrestena；　or　possibly　nearer　Mazi。　To　　　　　reach　Olympia；　about　2　1/2　miles　distant；　one　must　cross　the　　　　　Alpheus。

Here　with　the　sacred　money　he　built　an　altar　and　a　temple；　and　ever　after；　year　by　year；　tithed　the　fruits　of　the　land　in　their　season　and　did　sacrifice　to　the　goddess；　while　all　the　citizens　and　neighbours；　men　and　women；　shared　in　the　festival。　The　goddess　herself　provided　for　the　banqueters　meat　and　loaves　and　wine　and　sweetmeats；　with　portions　of　the　victims　sacrificed　from　the　sacred　pasture；　as　also　of　those　which　were　slain　in　the　chase；　for　Xenophon's　own　lads；　with　the　lads　of　the　other　citizens；　always　made　a　hunting　excursion　against　the　festival　day；　in　which　any　grown　men　who　liked　might　join。　The　game　was　captured　partly　from　the　sacred　district　itself；　partly　from　Pholoe＇5＇；　pigs　and　gazelles　and　stags。　The　place　lies　on　the　direct　road　from　Lacedaemon　to　Olympia；　about　twenty　furlongs　from　the　temple　of　Zeus　in　Olympia；　and　within　the　sacred　enclosure　there　is　meadow…land　and　wood…covered　hills；　suited　to　the　breeding　of　pigs　and　goats　and　cattle　and　horses；　so　that　even　the　sumpter　animals　of　the　pilgrims　passing　to　the　feast　fare　sumptuously。　The　shrine　is　girdled　by　a　grove　of　cultivated　trees；　yielding　dessert　fruits　in　their　season。　The　temple　itself　is　a　facsimile　on　a　small　scale　of　the　great　temple　at　Ephesus；　and　the　image　of　the　goddess　is　like　the　golden　statue　at　Ephesus；　save　only　that　it　is　made；　not　of　gold；　but　of　cypress　wood。　Beside　the　temple　stands　a　column　bearing　this　inscription：　THE　PLACE　IS　SACRED　TO　ARTEMIS。　HE　WHO　HOLDS　IT　AND　ENJOYS　THE　FRUITS　OF　IT　IS　BOUND　TO　SACRIFICE　YEARLY　A　TITHE　OF　THE　　　　　13　PRODUCE。　AND　FROM　THE　RESIDUE　THEREOF　TO　KEEP　IN　REPAIR　THE　SHRINE。　IF　ANY　MAN　FAIL　IN　AUGHT　OF　THIS　THE　GODDESS　HERSELF　WILL　LOOK　TO　IT　THAT　THE　MATTER　SHALL　NOT　SLEEP。

＇5＇　Pholoe。　This　mountain　（north　of　the　Alpheus）　is　an　offshoot　of　　　　　Erymanthus；　crossing　the　Pisatis　from　east　to　west；　and　separating　　　　　the　waters　of　the　Peneus　and　the　Ladon　from　those　of　the　Alpheus　　　　　〃Dict。　Geog。〃　（Elis）。

IV



From　Cerasus　they　continued　the　march；　the　same　portion　of　the　troops　　　1　being　conveyed　by　sea　as　before；　and　the　rest　marching　by　land。　When　they　had　reached　the　frontiers　of　the　Mossynoecians＇1＇　they　sent　to　him　Timesitheus　the　Trapezuntine；　who　was　the　proxenos＇2＇　of　the　Mossynoecians；　to　inquire　whether　they　were　to　pass　through　their　territory　as　friends　or　foes。　They；　trusting　in　their　strongholds；　replied　that　they　would　not　give　them　passage。　It　was　then　that　Timesitheus　informed　them　that　the　Mossynoecians　on　the　farther　side　of　the　country　were　hostile　to　these　members　of　the　tribe；　and　it　was　resolved　to　invite　the　former　to　make　an　alliance；　if　they　wished　it。　So　Timesitheus　was　sent；　and　came　back　with　their　chiefs。　On　their　arrival　there　was　a　conference　of　the　Mossynoecian　chiefs　and　the　generals　of　the　Hellenes；　and　Xenophon　made　a　speech　which　Timesitheus　interpreted。　He　said：　〃Men　of　the　Mossynoecians；　our　desire　is　to　reach　Hellas　in　safety；　and　since　we　have　no　vessels　we　must　needs　go　by　foot；　but　these　people　who；　as　we　hear；　are　your　enemies；　prevent　us。　Will　you　take　us　for　your　allies？　Now　is　your　chance　to　exact　vengeance　for　any　wrong；　which　they　at　any　time　may　have　put　upon　you；　and　for　the　future　they　will　be　your　subjects；　but　if　you　send　us　about　our　business；　consider　and　ask　yourselves　from　what　quarter　will　you　ever　again　obtain　so　strong　a　force　to　help　you？〃　To　this　the　chief　of　the　Mossynoecians　made　answer：that　the　proposal　was　in　accordance　with　their　wishes　and　they　welcomed　the　alliance。　〃Good；〃　said　Xenophon；　〃but　to　what　use　do　you　propose　to　put　us；　if　we　become　your　allies？　And　what　will　you　in　turn　be　able　to　do　to　assist　our　passage？〃　They　replied：　〃We　can　make　an　incursion　into　this　country　hostile　to　yourselves　and　us；　from　the　opposite　side；　and　also　send　　　　　10　you　ships　and　men　to　this　place；　who　will　aid　you　in　fighting　and　conduct　you　on　the　road。〃

＇1＇　I。e。　dwellers　in　mossyns；　or　wooden　towers。　See　Herod。　iii。　94；　　　　　vii。　78。　Cf。　also　Strabo；　xi。　41。

＇2＇　Or；　〃consul。〃

On　this　understanding；　they　exchanged　pledges　and　were　gone。　The　next　day　they　returned；　bringing　three　hundred　canoes；　each　hollowed　out　of　a　single　trunk。　There　were　three　men　in　each；　two　of　whom　disembarked　and　fell　into　rank；　whilst　the　third　remained。　Then　the　one　set　took　the　boats　and　sailed　back　again；　whilst　the　other　two…thirds　who　remained　marshalled　themselves　in　the　following　way。　They　stood　in　rows　of　about　a　hundred　each；　like　the　rows　of　dancers　in　a　chorus；　standing　vis…a…vis　to　one　another；　and　all　bearing　wicker　shields；　made　of　white　oxhide；　shaggy；　and　shaped　like　an　ivy　leaf；　in　the　right　hand　they　brandished　a　javelin　about　six　cubits　long；　with　a　lance　in　front；　and　rounded　like　a　ball　at　the　butt　end　of　the　shaft。

Their　bodies　were　clad　in　short　frocks；　scarcely　reaching　to　the　knees　and　in　texture　closely　resembling　that　of　a　linen　bedclothes'　bag；　on　their　heads　they　wore　leathern　helmets　just　like　the　Paphlagonian　helmet；　with　a　tuft　of　hair　in　the　middle；　as　like　a　tiara　in　shape　as　possible。　They　carried　moreover　iron　battle…axes。　Then　one　of　them　gave；　as　it　were；　the　key…note　and　started；　while　the　rest；　taking　up　the　strain　and　the　step；　followed　singing　and　marking　time。　Passing　through　the　various　corps　and　heavy　armed　battalions　of　the　Hellenes；　they　marched　straight　against　the　enemy；　to　what　appeared　the　most　assailable　of　his　fortresses。　It　was　situated　in　front　of　the　city；　or　mother　city；　as　it　is　called；　which　latter　contains　the　high　citadel　of　the　Mossynoecians。　This　citadel　was　the　real　bone　of　contention；　the　occupants　at　any　time　being　acknowledged　as　the　masters　of　all　the　other　Mossynoecians。　The　present　holders　（so　it　was　explained）　had　no　right　to　its　possession；　for　the　sake　of　self…aggrandisement　they　had　seized　what　was　really　common　property。

Some　of　the　Hellenes　followed　the　attacking　party；　not　under　the　orders　of　the　generals；　but　for　the　sake　of　plunder。　As　they　advanced；　the　enemy　for　a　while　kept　quiet；　but　as　they　got　near　the　place；　they　　16　made　a　sortie　and　routed　them；　killing　several　of　the　barbarians　as　well　as　some　of　the　Hellenes　who　had　gone　up　with　them；　and　so　pursued　them　until　they　saw　the　Hellenes　advancing　to　the　rescue。　Then　they　turned　round　and　made　off；　first　cutting　off　the　heads　of　the　dead　men　and　flaunting　them　in　the　face　of　the　Hellenes　and　of　their　own　private　foes；　dancing　the　while　and　singing　in　a　measured　strain。　But　the　Hellenes　were　much　vexed　to　think　that　their　foes　had　only　been　rendered　bolder；　while　the　Hellenes　who　had　formed　part　of　the　expedition　had　turned　tail　and　fled；　in　spite　of　their　numbers；　a　thing　which　had　not　happened　previously　during　the　whole　expedition。　So　Xenophon　called　a　meeting　of　the　Hellenes　and　spoke　as　follows：　〃Soldiers；　do　not　in　any　wise　be　cast　down　by　what　has　happened；　be　sure　that　good　no　less　than　evil　will　be　the　result；　for　to　begin　with；　you　now　know　certainly　that　those　who　are　going　to　guide　us　are　in　very　deed　hostile　to　those　with　whom　necessity　drives　us　to　quarrel；　and；　in　the　next　place；　some　of　our　own　body；　these　Hellenes　who　have　made　so　light　of　orderly　array　and　conjoint　action　with　ourselves；　as　though　they　must　needs　achieve　in　the　company　of　barbarians　all　they　could　with　ourselves；　have　paid　the　penalty　and　been　taught　a　lesson；　so　that　another　time　they　will　be　less　prone　to　leave　our　ranks。　But　you　must　be　prepared　to　show　these　friendly　barbarians　that　you　are　of　a　better　sort；　and　prove　to　the　enemy　that　battle　with　the　undisciplined　is　one　thing；　but　with　men　like　yourselves　another。〃

Accordingly　they　halted；　as　they　were；　that　day。　Next　day　they　sacrificed　and　finding　the　victims　favourable；　they　breakfasted；　formed　the　companies　into　columns；　and　with　their　barbarians　arranged　in　similar　order　on　their　left；　began　their　march。　Between　the　companies　were　the　archers　only　slightly　retired　behind　the　front　of　the　heavy　infantry；　on　account　of　the　enemy's　active　light　troops；　who　ran　down　and　kept　up　volleys　of　stones。　These　were　held　in　check　by　the　archers　and　peltasts；　and　steadily　step　by　step　the　mass　marched　on；　first　to　the　position　from　which　the　barbarians　and　those　with　them　had　been　driven　two　days　back；　and　where　the　enemy　were　now　drawn　　23　up　to　meet　them。　Thus　it　came　to　pass　that　the　barbarians　first　grappled　with　the　peltasts　and　maintained　the　battle　until　the　heavy　infantry　were　close；　when　they　turned　and　fled。　The　peltasts　followed　without　delay；　and　pursued　them　right　up　to　their　city；　wh