anabasis-第30章
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and one of them stept forward to explain that their intention in coming was not at all to raise a war； but on the contrary to demonstrate their friendliness。 24 〃And if you come to Sinope itself；〃 the speaker continued； 〃we will welcome you there with gifts of hospitality。 Meanwhile we will enjoin upon the citizens of this place to give you what they can； for we can see that every word of what you say is true。〃 Thereupon the Cotyorites sent gifts of hospitality； and the generals of the Hellenes entertained the ambassadors of the Sinopeans。 Many and friendly were the topics of conversation； freely flowed the talk on things in general； and； in particular； both parties were able to make inquiries and satisfy their curiosity concerning the remaining portion of the march。
VI
Such was the conclusion of that day。 On the following day the generals 1 summoned an assembly of the soldiers； when it was resolved to invite the men of Sinope； and to take advice with them touching the remainder of the journey。 In the event of their having to continue it on foot； the Sinopeans through their acquaintance with Paphlagonia would be useful to them； while； if they had to go by sea； the services of the same people would be at a premium； for who but they could furnish ships sufficient for the army？ Accordingly； they summoned their ambassadors； and took counsel with them； begging them； on the strength of the sacred ties which bind Hellenes to Hellenes； to inaugurate the good reception they had spoken of； by present kindliness and their best advice。
Hecatonymus rose and wished at once to offer an apology with regard to what he had said about the possibility of making friends with the Paphlagonians。 〃The words were not intended；〃 he said； 〃to convey a threat； as though they were minded to go to war with the Hellenes； but as meaning rather： albeit we have it in our power to be friendly with the barbarians； we will choose the Hellenes。〃 Then； being urged to aid them by some advice； with a pious ejaculation； he commenced： 〃If I bestow upon you the best counsel I am able； God grant that blessings in abundance may descend on me； but if the contrary； may evil betide 4 me！ 'Sacred counsel＇1＇；' as the saying goeswell； sirs； if ever the saying held； it should hold I think to…day； when； if I be proved to have given you good counsel； I shall not lack panegyrists； or if evil； your imprecations will be many…tongued。
＇1＇ Cf。 Plato； 〃Theages；〃 122。
〃As to trouble； I am quite aware； we shall have much more trouble if you are conveyed by sea； for we must provide the vessels； whereas； if you go by land； all the fighting will evolve on you。 Still； let come what may； it behoves me to state my views。 I have an intimate acquaintance with the country of the Paphlagonians and their power。 The country possesses the two features of hill and vale； that is to say； the fairest plains and the highest mountains。 To begin with the mountains； I know the exact point at which you must make your entry。 It is precisely where the horns of a mountain tower over both sides of the road。 Let the merest handful of men occupy these and they can hold the pass with ease； for when that is done not all the enemies in the world could effect a passage。 I could point out the whole with my finger； if you like to send any one with me to the scene。
〃So much for the mountain barrier。 But the next thing I know is that there are plains and a cavalry which the barbarians themselves hold to be superior to the entire cavalry of the great king。 Why； only the other day these people refused to present themselves to the summons of the king； their chief is too proud for that。
〃But now； supposing you were able to seize the mountain barrier； by stealth； or expedition； before the enemy could stop you； supposing further； you were able to win an engagement in the plain against not only their cavalry but their more than one hundred and twenty thousand infantryyou will only find yourself face to face with rivers； a series of them。 First the Thermodon； three hundred feet broad； which I take it will be difficult to pass； especially with a host of foes in front and another following behind。 Next comes the Iris river； three hundred feet broad； and thirdly； the Halys； at least two furlongs broad； which you could not possibly cross without vessels； and who is going to supply you with vessels？ In the same way too the Parthenius 9 is impassable； which you will reach if you cross the Halys。 For my part； then； I consider the land…journey； I will not say difficult； but absolutely impossible for you。 Whereas if you go by sea； you can coast along from here to Sinope； and from Sinope to Heraclea。 From Heraclea onwards there is no difficulty； whether by land or by sea； for there are plenty of vessels at Heraclea。〃
After he had finished his remarks； some of his hearers thought they detected a certain bias in them。 He would not have spoken so； but for his friendship with Corylas； whose official representative he was。 Others guessed he had an itching palm； and that he was hoping to receive a present for his 〃sacred advice。〃 Others again suspected that his object was to prevent their going by foot and doing some mischief to the country of the Sinopeans。 However that might be； the Hellenes voted in favour of continuing the journey by sea。 After this Xenophon said： 〃Sinopeans； the army has chosen that method of procedure which you advise； and thus the matter stands。 If there are sure to be vessels enough to make it impossible for a single man to be left behind； go by sea we will； but if part of us are to be left while part go by sea； we will not set foot on board the vessels。 One fact we plainly recognise； strength is everything to us。 So long as we have the mastery； we shall be able to protect ourselves and get provisions； but if we are once caught at the mercy of our foes； it is plain； we shall be reduced to slavery。〃 On hearing this the ambassadors bade them send an embassy； which they did； to wit； Callimachus the Arcadian； and Ariston the Athenian； and Samolas the Achaean。
So these set off； but meanwhile a thought shaped itself in the mind of Xenophon； as there before his eyes lay that vast army of Hellene hoplites； and that other array of peltasts； archers； and slingers； with cavalry to boot； and all in a state of thorough efficiency from long practice； hardened veterans； and all collected in Pontus； where to raise so large a force would cost a mint of money。 Then the idea dawned upon him： how noble an opportunity to acquire new territory and 15 power for Hellas； by the founding of a colonya city of no mean size； moreover； said he to himself； as he reckoned up their own numbersand besides themselves a population planted on the shores of Pontus。 Threupon he summoned Silanus the Ambraciot； the soothsayer of Cyrus above mentioned； and before breathing a syllable to any of the soldiers； he consulted the victims by sacrifice。
But Silanus； in apprehension lest these ideas might embody themselves； and the army be permanently halted at some point or other； set a tale going among the men； to the effect that Xenophon was minded to detain the army and found a city in order to win himself a name and acquire power； Silanus himself being minded to reach Hellas with all possible speed； for the simple reason that he had still got the three thousand darics presented to him by Cyrus on the occasion of the sacrifice when he hit the truth so happily about the ten days。 Silanus's story was variously received； some few of the soldiers thinking it would be an excellent thing to stay in that country； but the majority were strongly averse。 The next incident was that Timasion the Dardanian； with Thorax the Boeotian； addressed themselves to some Heracleot and Sinopean traders who had come to Cotyora； and told them that if they did not find means to furnish the army with pay sufficient to keep them in provisions on the homeward voyage； all that great force would most likely settle down permanently in Pontus。 〃Xenophon has a pet idea；〃 they continued； 〃which he urges upon us。 We are to wait until the ships come； and then we are suddenly to turn round to the army and say： 'Soldiers； we now see the straits we are in； unable to keep ourselves in provisions on the return voyage； or to make our friends at home a little present at the end of our journey。 But if you like to select some place on the inhabited seaboard of the Black Sea which may take your fancy and there put in； this is open to you to do。 Those who like to go home； go； those who care to stay here； stay。 You have got 20 vessels now； so that you can make a sudden pounce upon any point you choose。'〃
The merchants went off with this tale and reported it to every city they came to in turn； nor did they go alone； but Timasion the Dardanian sent a fellow…citizen of his own； Eurymachus； with the Boeotian Thorax； to repeat the same story。 So when it reached the ears of the men of Sinope and the Heracleots； they sent to Timasion and pressed him to accept of a gratuity； in return for which he was to arrange for the departure of the troops。 Timasion was only too glad to hear this； and he took the opportunity when the soldiers were convened in meeting to make the following remarks： 〃Soldiers；〃 he said； 〃do not set your thoughts on staying here； let Hellas； and Hellas only； be the object of your affection； for I am told that certain persons have been sacrificing on this very question； without saying a word to you。 Now I can promise you； if you once leave these waters； to furnish you with regular monthly pay； dating from the first of the month； at the rate of one cyzicene＇2＇ a head per month。 I will bring you to the Troad； from which part I am an exile； and my own state is at your service。 They will receive me with open arms。 I will be your guide personally； and I will take you to plces where you will get plenty of money。 I know every corner of the Aeolid； and Phrygia； and the Troad； and indeed the whole satrapy of Pharnabazus； partly because it is my birthplace； partly from campaigns in that region with Clearchus and Dercylidas＇3＇。〃
＇2＇ A cyzicene stater = twenty…eight silver drachmae of Attic money B。C。 335； in the time of Demosthenes； but； like the daric； this gold coin would fluctuate in value relatively to silver。 It contained more grains of gold than the daric。
＇3＇ Of Dercylidas we hear more in the 〃Hellenica。〃 In B。C。 411 he was harmost at Abydos； in B。C。 399 he superseded Thimbron in Asia Minor； and was himself superseded by Agesilaus in B。C。 396。
No sooner had he ceased than up got Thorax the Boeotian。 This was a man who had a standing battle with Xenophon about the generalship of the army。 What he said was that； if they once got fairly out of the Euxine； there was the Chersonese； a beautiful and prosperous country； where they could settle or not； as they chose。 Those who liked could stay； and those who liked could return to their homes； how ridiculous 25 then； when there was so much territory in Hellas and to spare； to be poking about＇4＇ in the land of the barbarian。 〃But until you find yourselves there；〃 he added； 〃I； no less than Timasion； can guarantee you regular pay。〃 This he said； knowing what promises had been made Timasion by the men of Heraclea an
