最新大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇-第2章
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Ｄ。 adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1。 dynamic adj。 动态的
2。 variable n。 变量
3。 aesthetics n。 美学
4。 factual adj。 事实的
5。 interpretative adj。 解释的
6。 converge v。 聚合
7。 transplant v。 移植
8。 myopia n。 近视
9。 adversary n。 对手
长难句解析
①【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。
【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。
1。 C推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。
2。 Ａ细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。
3。 C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
4。 D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。
5。 Ｂ细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20％或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 3
Passage 3建议用时：7。5分钟From：To：
As regards social conventions； we must say a word about the well…known English class system。 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people； and one they tend to be ashamed of； though during the present century class…consciousness has grown less and less； and the class system less rigid。』① But it still exists below the surface。 Broadly speaking； it means there are two classes； the “middle class” and the “working class”。 （We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”； including the hereditary aristocracy； since it is extremely small in numbers； but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords； and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life。） The middle class consists chiefly of well…to…do businessmen and professional people of all kinds。 The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers。
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent。 Middle…class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils。 Typical working…class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated。 One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two…class education system。 To have been to a so…called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class。 The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working…class people； and are usually more cultured。 Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”； whereas the working man’s dinner； if his working hours permit； is at midday； and his smaller； late…evening meal is called supper。
As we have said； however； the class system is much less rigid than it was； and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions。 『Working…class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions； and working…class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear。 』②However； regardless of one’s social status； certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody； and a well…bred person is polite to everyone he meets； and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman。 Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike。 Even the word “sir”； except in school and in certain occupations （e。g。 commerce； the army etc。） sounds too servile to be commonly used。
1。 The middle class mainly refers to people 。
A。 who were born as aristocrat
B。 who have the right to sit in the House of Lords
C。 who speak in many different local accents
D。 who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions
2。 The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their 。
A。 dressB。 work
C。 accentD。 meal
3。 Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain？
A。 Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment。
B。 Because it can only be used in some certain occupations。
C。 Because it is an impolite word。
D。 Because it shows that the speaker is not a well…bred person。
4。 The “upper class” in England today 。
A。 are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them
B。 still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday life
C。 includes the hereditary aristocracy
D。 refers only to the royal family
5。 Which of the following is not true about the English class system？
A。 It is an embarrassing subject for English people。
B。 Working…class students cannot receive a university education。
C。 The class system is much less rigid than it was。
D。 The class system still exists below the surface。
Vocabulary
1。 convention n。 习俗
2。 embarrass v。 使困窘
3。 rigid adj。 严格
4。 hereditary adj。 世袭的
5。 manual adj。 体力的
6。 accent n。 口音
7。 received pronunciation adj。 （英语的）标准发音
8。 well…bred adj。 有教养的
9。 servility n。 卑屈
10。 occupation n。 职业
长难句解析
①【解析】这是一个复合句，主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“though”引导的让步状语从句，也是由两个并列的句子组成。
【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡，等级制度也越来越不严格，但对于英国人来说它仍是一个尴尬的话题，仍旧引以为耻。
②【解析】这是一个复合句，由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“so…that”作“grown”的状语。
【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情，此后他们也加入各种专业行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长，使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡，但在表层下，等级仍然存在。而“阶层”的最大区别是他们的口音。
1。 D细节题。意为“那些比较富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人”。见第一段的倒数第二句：中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是 D。
2。 C细节题。意为“口音”。见第二段的第一句：他们之间最明显的区别是他们的口音。所以正确答案应该是 C。
3。 Ａ推断题。意为“因为它听起来太过谦卑，很可能会引起尴尬”。见文章的最后两句：谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像“先生”这样的词，除了在特定的职业中（如商业、军队）外，也不太常用，因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是 A。
4。 C细节题。A选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少，后半是错的，媒体还在关注他们，注意一定要看清楚再选。B选项相关内容在文末。D没有提到。B在第一段中间出现，是正确答案。
5。 B细节题。意为“来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育”。见第三段第二句的前半句：来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以选项 B的答案与文章不相符，是正确答案。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 4
Passage 4建议用时：6分钟From：To：
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer。 Not all Canadians love hockey。 A similar situation exists in America； where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball。 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens。』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century； slow； quiet； gentlemanly。 These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”。
By contrast； baseball seems abstract； cool； silent； still。
On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives； replays； closeups。 The geometry of the game； however； is essential to understanding it。 You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject； you may； of course； project yourself into the game。 It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement。 The TV won’t do it for you。
Take； for example； the third baseman。 You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate。 His legs are apart； knees flexed。 His arms hang loose。 He does a lot of this。 The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still； so passive。 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws： the third baseman goes up on his toes； flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him； takes a step right or left； backward or forward； perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position。』② Suppose the pitch is a ball。 “Nothing happened；” you say。 “I could have had my eyes closed。”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game。 And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is。 Watch the third baseman。 Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot； smooth the pocket in your glove； watch the eyes of the batter； the speed of the bat； the sound of horsehide on wood。 If football is a symphony of movement and theatre； baseball is chamber music； a spacious interlocking of notes； chores and responses。
1。 The passage is mainly concerned with 。
A。 the different tastes of people for sports
B。 the different characteristics of sports
C。 the attraction of football
D。 the attraction of baseball
2。 Those who don’t like baseball may complain that 。
A。 it is only to the taste of the old
B。 it involves fewer players than football
C。 it is not exciting enough
D。 it is pretentious and looks funny
3。 The author admits that 。
A。 baseball is too peaceful for the young
B。 baseball may seem boring when watched on TV
C。 football is more attracting than baseball
D。 baseball is more interesting than football
4。 By stating “I could have had my eyes closed。 ” the author means （4th paragraph last sentence）：
A。 The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game。
B。 Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago； it could make no different to the result。
C。 The third baseman is so good at baseball that
