the origins of contemporary france-4-第127章
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of the charges made by the Directory。
'73' Barbé…Marbois; ibid。; p。46。
'74' Lord Malmesbury。 〃Diary;〃 III。; 559 (Sep。 17th; 1797)。 At
Lille; after the news of the coup d'état; 〃it was a curious
circumstance to see the horror that prevailed everywhere lest the
system of Terror should be revived。 People looked as if some
exterminating spirit were approaching。 The actors in the theatre
partook of the sensation。 The Director called Paris; said to Ross; on
his paying him: 'Nous allons actuellement être vandalisés。' 〃
'75' Decrees of Fructidor 18 and 19; year V。; Article 39。
'76' Thibaudeau; II。; 277。 〃I went to the meeting of Fructidor 20;
the avenues of the Odéon were besieged with those subaltern agents of
revolution who always show themselves after commotion; like vultures
after battles。 They insulted and threatened the vanquished and lauded
the victors。〃
'77' Ibid。; II。 309。
'78' Ibid。; II。; 277。 〃As soon as I entered the hall several deputies
came with tears in their eyes to clasp me in their arms。 The Assembly
all had a lugubrious air; the same as the dimly lighted theatre in
which they met ; terror was depicted on all countenances; only a few
members spoke and took part in the debates。 The majority was
impassible; seeming to be there only to assist at a funeral spectacle;
its own。〃
'79' Decree of Fructidor 1; articles 4 and 5; 16 and 17; 28; 29 and
30; 35; and decree of Fructidor 22。…Sauzay; IX。; 103。 Three hundred
communes of the department are thus purged after Fructidor。…Ibid。;
537; the same weeding…out of jurymen。
'80' Lacretelle; 〃Dix ans d'Epreuves;〃 p。 310。
'81' 〃Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux;〃 143。 (March 20; 1799。) 〃The
next day the primary assemblies began; very few attended them; nobody
seemed disposed to go out of his way to elect men whom they did not
like。〃 … Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 March; 1799。 〃Persons who
are not dupes think it of very little consequence whether they vote or
not。 The elections are already made or indicated by the Directory。
The mass of the people show utter indifference。 (March 24。) 〃In this
town of twenty thousand souls (Blois) the primary assemblies are
composed of the dregs of the people only a very few honest people
attend them; 'suspects;' the relations of émigrés and priests; all
expelled; leave the field free to intriguers。 Not one proprietor is
summoned。 The terrorists rule in three out of the four sections。 。
。 The Babouvists always employ the same tactics; they recruit voters
in the streets who sell their sovereignty five or six times over for a
bottle of wine。〃 (April 12; according to an intelligent man coming
from Paris。) 〃Generally; in Paris; nobody attends the primary
assemblies; the largest not returning two hundred voters。〃 … Sauzay;
IX。; ch。 83。 (Notes on the election at Besan?on 1798; by an eye…
witness。) 〃Jacobins were elected by most frightful brigandage;
supported by the garrison to which wine had been distributed; their
election being made at the point of the bayonet and under blows with
sticks and swords。 A good many Catholics were wounded。〃
'82' Albert Babeau; II。; 444。 (Declaration of the patriotic and
secessionist minority of the canton of Riquy at the elections of the
year VI。)
'83' Mercure Britannique; No。 for August 25; 1799。 (Report read;
July 15 and August 5; before the Five Hundred on the conduct of the
Directors Reubell; La Révellière…Lepaux; Merlin de Douai and
Treilhard; and summary of the nine articles of indictment。) … Ibid。;
3rd article。 〃They have violated our constitution by usurping
legislative powers through acts which prescribe that a certain law
shall be executed; in all that is not modified to the present act; and
by passing acts which modify or render the present laws illusory。〃
'84' Fiévée; 〃Correspondance avec Buonaparte;〃 I。; 147。
'85' Barbé…Marbois; I。; 64; 91; 96; 133; II。; 18; 25; 83。 … Dufort de
Cheverney; 〃Mémoires。' (September 14; 1797。) … Sauzay; IX。; chapters
81 and 84。
'86' Sauzay; vols。 IX。 and X。 … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 375; 379; 382。
… Schmidt; 〃Tableau de Paris Pendant la Revolution;〃 III。; 290。
(Report by the administrators of the Seine department。)
'87' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 August; 1798; October; 1797 and
1799; passim。
'88' Archives Nationales; F。7; 3219。 (Letter of M。 Alquier to the
First Consul; Pluvi?se 18; year III。) 〃I wanted to see the central
administration; I found the ideas and language of 1793。〃
'89' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 (February 26; March 31 and
September 6; 1797)。 〃That poor theoristic imbecile; La Révellière…
Lepaux; who; joining Barras and Reubell against Barthélémy and Carnot;
made the 18th of Fructidor; and shut himself in his room so as not to
witness it; himself avows the quality of his staff。〃 (〃Memoires;〃 II。;
164。) 〃 The 18th of Fructidor necessitated numerous changes on the
part of the Directory。 Instead of putting republicans; but above all;
honest; wise and enlightened men in the place of the functionaries and
employees dismissed or revoked; the selections dictated by the new
Councils fell for the most part on anarchists and men of blood and
robbery。〃
'90' Lacretelle; 〃Dix ans d'épreuves;〃 p。317。 A few days after
Fructidor; Robert; an old Jacobin; exclaimed with great joy on the
road to Brie…Comté; 〃All the royalists are going to be driven out or
guillotined!〃 The series F。7 in the Archives Nationales; contains
hundreds of files filled with reports 〃on the state of the public
mind;〃 in each department; town or canton between the years III。 and
VIII。 I have given several months to their examination and; for lack
of space; cannot copy any extracts。 The real history of the last five
years of the Revolution may be found in these files。 Mallet…Dupan
gives a correct impression of it in his 〃Correspondance avec la cour
de Vienne;〃 also in the 〃Mercure Britannique。〃
'91' Sauzay; X。; chaps。 8o and 90。 … Ludovic Sciout; IV。; ch。 17。
(See especially in Sauzay; X。; pp。170 and 281; the instructions given
by Duval; December 16; 1796; and the circulars of Fran?ois de
Neufchateau from November 20; 1798; down to June 18; 1798; each of
these pieces being a masterpiece in its way。
'92' 〃Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux;〃 p。134。 〃June 7; 1798。〃 〃The
day following the décade; the gardeners; who as usual came to show
themselves off on the main street; were fined six livres for having
treated with contempt and broken the décade。〃 January 21; 1799。
〃Those who were caught working on the décade; were fined three livres
for the first offence if they were caught more than once the fine was
doubled and it was even followed by imprisonment〃
'93' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 160。 Examples of 〃individual motives〃
alleged to justify the sentence of transportation。 One has refused to
baptize an infant whose parents were only married civilly。 Another
has 〃declared to his audience that the catholic marriage was the
best。〃 Another 〃has fanaticized。〃 Another 〃has preached pernicious
doctrines contrary to the constitution。〃 Another 〃may; by his
presence; incite disturbances;〃 etc。 Among the condemned we find
septuagenarians; known priests and even married priests。 … Ibid。;
634; 637。
'94' Sauzay; IX。; 715。。 (List of names。)
'95' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 656。
'96' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 September 7; 1798。 … Ibid。;
February 26; 1799。 〃In Belgium priests are lodged in the Carmelites
(convent)。〃 September 9; 1799。 〃Two more carts are sent full of
priests for the islands of Rhé and Oléron。〃
'97' Thibaudeau; II。。 318; 321。 … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 357; 368。 The
plan went farther: 〃All children of emigrants;〃 or of those falsely
accused of being such; 〃left in France; shall be taken from their
relatives and confided to republican tutors; and the republic shall
administer their property。〃
'98' In reading about this Lenin and Stalin must have been inspired to
create their Goulags to which not only Russian and Estonian 〃petit
Bourgeois;〃 but also other undesirable national groups were sent。
(SR。)
'99' Decree of Frimaire 9; year VI。 (Exceptions in favor of the
actual members of the Directory; ministers; military men on duty; and
the members of the diverse National Assemblies; except those who in
the constituent Assembly protested against the abolition of nobility。)
One of the speakers; a future count of the Empire; proposed that every
noble claiming his inscription on the civic registers should sign the
following declaration: 〃As man and as republican; I equally detest the
insolent superstition which pretends to distinctions of birth; and the
cowardly and shameful superstition which believes in and maintains
it。〃
'100' Decree of Fructidor 19; year II。
'101' Lally…Tollendal; 〃Défense des Emigrés;〃 (Paris。 1797; 2nd part;
49; 62; 74。 Report of Portalis to the Council of Five Hundred; Feb。
18; 1796。 〃Regard that innumerable class of unfortunates who have
never left the republican soil。〃 … Speech by Dubreuil; Aug。26; 1796。
〃The supplementary list in the department of Avignon bears 1004 or
1005 names。 And yet I can attest to you that there are not six names
on this enormous list justly put down as veritable emigrants。〃
'102' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 619。 (Report of the Yonne administration;
Frimaire; year VI。) 〃The gendarmerie went to the houses; in Sens as
well as Auxerre; of several of the citizens inscribed on the lists of
émigrés who were known never to have left their commune since the
Revolution began。 As they have not been found it is probable that
they have withdrawn into Switzerland; or that they are soliciting you
to have their names stricken off。〃
'103' Decrees of Vendémiaire 20 and Frimaire 9; year VI。 … Decree of
Messidor 10。
'104' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃 Mémoires。〃 (Before the Revolution he
enjoyed an income of fifty thousand livres; of which only five
thousand remain。) 〃Madame Amelot likewise reduced; rents her mansion
for a living。 Through the same delicacy as our own she did not avail
herself of the facility offered to her of indemnifying her creditors
with assignats。〃 Another lady; likewise ruined; seeks a place in some
country house in order that herself and son may live。〃 … 〃Statistique
de la Moselle;〃 by Colchen; préfet; year VI。 〃A great many people
with incomes have perished through want and through payment of
interest in paper…money and the reduction of Treasury bonds。〃 … Dufort
de Cheverney; Ibid。; March; 1799。 〃The former noblesse and even
citizens who are at all well…off need not depend on any
amelioration。。。。 They must expect a complete rescission of bodies and
goods。。。。 Pecuniary resources are diminishing more and more。。。。
Impositions are starving the country。〃 … Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mercure
Brit