the origins of contemporary france-4-第55章
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bloodshed; was one of Robespierre's most active agents。 He remembered
what he had done; as is evident by Michelet's narrative; and cast his
eyes down; well knowing that his present philanthropy could not
annihilate past acts。
'33' Archives Nationales; AF。 II。; 46。 Register of the Acts of the
Committee of Public Safety; vol。 II。; orders of August 3; 1793。
'34' On the concentration and accumulation of business; cf。 Archives
Nationales; ibid。; acts of Aug。 4; 5; 6; 1793; and AF。 II。; 23; acts
of Brumaire I and 15; year II。 … On the distribution and dispatch of
business in the Committee and the hours devoted to it; see Acts of
April 6; June 13; 17; 18; Aug。 3; 1793; and Germinal 27; year II。 …
After August 3; two sessions were held daily; from 8 o'clock in the
morning to 1 o'clock in the afternoon; and from 7 to 10 o'clock in the
evening; at 10 o'clock; the Executive Council met with the Committee
of Public Safety; and papers were signed about 2 or 3 o'clock in the
morning。 … The files of AF。 II。; 23 to 42; contain an account of the
doings of the Committee; the minutes of its meetings and of its
correspondence。 A perusal of these furnishes full details concerning
the initiative and responsibility of the Committee。 For example;
(Niv?se 4; year II。; letters to Freron and Barras; at Marseilles;)
〃The Committee commend the vigorous measures you have sanctioned in
your orders at Marseilles。 … Marseilles; through you; affords a great
example。 Accustomed; as you are; to wielding thunderbolts; you are
best calculated for still governing it。 。 。 How glorious; citizen
colleagues; to be able like you; after long continued labors and
immortal fame; how gratifying; under such auspices; to return to the
bosom of the National Convention! 〃 … (AF。 II。; 36; Pluvi?se 7; year
II。; letter to the representatives on mission at Bordeaux; approving
of the orders issued by them against merchants。) 〃concealed behind the
obscurity of its complots; mercantilism cannot support the ardent;
invigorating atmosphere of Liberty; Sybaritic indolence quails before
Spartan virtue。 〃 … (AF。 II。; 37; Pluvi?se 20; letter to Prieur de
la Marne; sent to Nantes to replace Carrier。) 〃Carrier; perhaps; has
been badly surrounded; 。 。。。 his ways are harsh; the means he
employs are not well calculated to win respect for the national
authority; 。 。 。 he is used up in that city。 He is to leave and go
elsewhere。〃 … (AF。 II。; 36; Niv?se 21; letter to Fouché; Laporte; and
Albitte; at Commune…affranchie; signed by Billaud…Varennes and
composed by him。) 〃The convention; Niv?se I; has approved of the
orders and other measures taken by you。 We can add nothing to its
approval。 The Committee of Public Safety subjects all operations to
the same principles; that is to say; it conforms to yours and acts
with you。〃
'35' Sainte…Beuve; 〃Nouveaux Lundis;〃 VIII。; 105。 (Unpublished report
by Vice…admiral Villaret…Joyeuse; May 28; 1794。)
'36' Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 107。
'37' Ibid。; I。; 450; 523; 527; 〃we often ate only a morsel of dry
bread on the Committee's table。〃
'38' Moniteur; XXI。; 362。 (Speech by Cambon; Session of Thermidor 11;
year II。)
'39' Beugnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 15。 (Stated by Jean Bon himself in a
conversation at Mayence in 1813。)
'40' Gaudia; duc de Gaéte; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 16; 28。 〃I owed my life to
Cambon personally; while; through his firmness; he preserved the whole
Treasury department; continually attacked by the all…powerful Jacobin
club。〃 … On the 8th of Thermidor; Robespierre was 〃very severe on the
administration of the Treasury; which he accused of an aristocratic
and anti…revolutionary spirit。。。。 Under this pretext; it was known
that the orator meant to propose an act of accusation against the
representative charged with its surveillance; as well as against the
six commissioners; and bring them before the Revolutionary Tribunal;
whose verdict could not be doubtful。〃 … Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 431;
436; 441。 Speech by Robespierre; Thermidor 8; year II。 。 。 〃。
Machiavellian designs against the small fund…holders of the State。 。
。 。 A contemptible financial system; wasteful; irritating;
devouring; absolutely independent of your supreme oversight。 。 。 。
Anti…revolution exists in the financial department。 。 。 。 Who are
its head administrators? Brissotins; Feuillants; aristocrats and well…
known knaves … the Cambons; the Mallarmés; the Ramels!〃
'41' Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 425。
'42' Moniteur; XXIV。; 47; 50。 (Session of Germinal 2; year II。)
Speeches by Lindet and Carnot with confirmatory details。 … Lindet
says that he had signed twenty thousand papers。 … Ibid。; XXXIII。;
591。 (Session of Vent?se 12; year III。 Speech by Barère。) 〃The labor
of the Committee was divided amongst the different members composing
it; but all; without distinction; signed each other's work。 I;
myself; knowing nothing of military affairs; have perhaps; in this
matter; given four thousand signatures。〃 … Ibid。; XXIV。; 74。 (Session
of Germinal 6; year III。) Speech of Lavesseur; witness of an animated
scene between Carnot and Robespierre concerning two of Carnot's
clerks; arrested by order of Robespierre。 … Carnot adds 〃 I had
myself signed this order of arrest without knowing it。〃 … Ibid。;
XXII。; 116。 (Session of Vendémiaire 8; year II。; speech by Carnot in
narrating the arrest of General Huchet for his cruelties in Vendée。)
On appearing before the committee of Public Safety; Robespierre
defended him and he was sent back to the army and promoted to a higher
rank; I was obliged to sign in spite of my opposition。〃
'43' Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 572。 (Speech by Carnot; Germinal 2; year
III。)
'44' Sénart; 〃Mémoires;〃 145; 153。 (Details on the members of the two
Committees。)
'45' Reports by Billaud on the organization of the revolutionary
government; November 18; 1793 and on the theory of democratic
government; April 20; 1794。 … Reports by Robespierre on the political
situation of the Republic; November 17; 1793; and on the principles of
revolutionary government; December 5; 1793。 … Information on the
genius of revolutionary laws; signed principally by Robespierre and
Billaud; November 29; 1793。 … Reports by Robespierre on the
principles of political morality which ought to govern the Convention;
February 5; 1794; and on the relationship between religious and moral
ideas and republican principles; May 7; 1794。
'46' Billaud no longer goes on mission after he becomes one of the
Committee of Public Safety。 Robespierre never went。 Barère; who is
of daily service; is likewise retained at Paris。 … All the others
serve on the missions and several repeatedly; and for a long time。
'47' Moniteur; XXIV。; 60。 The words of Carnot; session of Germinal 2;
year III。… Ibid。; XXII。; 138; words of Collot; session of Vendémiaire
12; year III。 〃Billaud and myself have sent into the departments
three hundred thousand written documents; and have made at least ten
thousand minutes (of meetings) with our own hand。〃
'48' Dussault 〃Fragment pour servir à l'histoire de la Convention。〃
'49' Thibaudeau; I。; 49。
'50' Arnault; 〃Souvenirs d'un Sexagenaire;〃 II。; 78。
'51' 〃Mémoires d'un Bourgeois de Paris;〃 by Veron; II。; 14。 (July 7;
1815。)
'52' Cf。 Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 46。 〃It seemed; then; that to
escape imprisonment; or the scaffold; there was no other way than to
put others in your place。〃
'53' Carnot; 〃Mémoires。〃 I。; 508。
'54' Carnot; I。; 527。 (Words of Prieur de la C?te d'Or。)
'55' Carnot; ibid。; 527。 (The words of Prieur。)
'56' 〃La Nouvelle Minerve;〃 I。; 355; (Notes by Billaud…Varennes;
indited at St。 Domingo and copied by Dr。 Chervin。) 〃We came to a
decision only after being wearied out by the nightly meetings of our
Committee。〃
'57' Decree of September 17; 1793; on 〃Suspects。〃 Ordinance of the
Paris Commune; October 10; 1793; extending it so as to include 〃those
who; having done nothing against the Revolution; do nothing for it。〃 …
Cf。 〃Papers seized in Robespierre's apartments;〃 II。; 370; letter of
Payan。 〃Every man who has not been for the Revolution has been
against it; for he has done nothing for the country。 。 。 。 In
popular commissions; individual humanity; the moderation which assumes
the veil of justice; is criminal。〃
'58' Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。; 394; and following pages; 414 and
following pages; (on the successive members of the two Committees)。
'59' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Révolutionaire;〃 III。; 129…131。
Hérault de Sechelles; allied with Danton; and accused of being
indulgent; had just given guarantees; however; and applied the
revolutionary regime in Alsace with a severity worthy of Billaud。
(Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。 V。; 141。) 〃Instructions for
civil commissioners by Hérault; representative of the people;〃
(Colmar; Frimaire 2; year II。;) with suggestions as to the categories
of persons that are to be 〃sought for; arrested and immediately put in
jail;〃 probably embracing nineteen…twentieths of the inhabitants。
'60' Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794; 285; and following pages。 (Police
Reports; Germinal; year II。) Arrest of Hébert and associates 〃Nothing
was talked about the whole morning but the atrocious crimes of the
conspirators。 They were regarded as a thousand times more criminal
than Capet and his wife。 They ought to be punished a thousand times
over。 。 。 。 The popular hatred of Hébert is at its height 。 。 。
。 The people cannot forgive Hébert for having deceived them。 。 。 。
Popular rejoicings were universal on seeing the conspirators led to
the scaffold。〃
'61' Moniteur; XXIV。; 53。 (Session of Germinal 2; year III。) Words of
Prieur de la C?te…d'Or: 〃The first quarrel that occurred in the
Committee was between Saint…Just and Carnot; the latter says to the
former; 'I see that you and Robespierre are after a dictatorship。'〃 …
Ibid。; 74。 Levasseur makes a similar statement。…Ibid。; 570。 (Session
of Germinal 2; year III。; words of Carnot): 〃I had a right to call
Robespierre a tyrant every time I spoke to him。 I did the same with
Saint…Just and Couthon。〃
'62' Carnot; I。; 525。 (Testimony of Prieur。) Ibid。; 522。 Saint…Just
says to Carnot: 〃You are in league with the enemies of the patriots。
It is well for you to know that a few lines from me could send you to
the guillotine in two days。〃
'63' Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 185。 (Reply of Billaud; Collot; Vadier and
Barère to the renewed charges against them by Lecointre。) … Moniteur;
XXIV。; 84。 (Session of Germinal 7; year III。) Words of Barère: 〃On
the 4th of Thermidor; in the Committee; Robespierre speaks like a man
who had orders to give and victims to point out。〃 … 〃 And you;
Barère;〃 he replies; 〃remember the report you made on the2nd of