the origins of contemporary france-4-第72章
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Cuirs and police administrator; may be found in 〃Mémoires des
Prisons;〃 I。; 232; 239; 246; 289; 290。 Nobody treated the prisoners
more brutally; who protested against the foul food served out to them;
than he。 〃It is too good for bastards who are going to be
guillotined。〃。 。 。 。 〃He got drunk with the turnkeys and with the
commissioners themselves。 One day he staggered in walking; and spoke
only in hiccoughs: he would go in that condition。 The house…guard
refused to recognize him; he was arrested〃 and the concierge had to
repeat her declarations to make the officer of the post 〃give up the
hog。〃
'51' 〃Mémoires sur les Prisons;〃 I。; 211。 (〃 Tableau Historique de
St。 Lazare。〃) The narrator is put into prison in the rue de Sèvres in
October; 1793。 … II。; 186。 (〃An historical account of the jail in
the rue de Sèvres。〃) The narrator was confined there during the last
months of the Reign of Terror。
'52' A game of chance。
'53' 〃Un Séjour en France de 1792 à 1795;〃 281。 〃We had an
appointment in the afternoon with a person employed by the committee
on National Domains; he was to help my friend with her claims。 This
man was originally a valet to the Marquise's brother; on the outbreak
of the Revolution he set up a shop; failed and became a rabid Jacobin;
and; at last; member of a revolutionary committee。 As such; he found
a way 。 。 。 。 to intimidate his creditors and obtain two
discharges of his indebtedness without taking the least trouble to pay
his debts。〃 。 。 。 。 〃I know an old lady who was kept in prison
three months for having demanded from one of these patriots three
hundred livres which he owed her。〃 (June 3; 1795。) 〃I have generally
noticed that the republicans are either of the kind I have just
indicated; coffee…house waiters; jockeys; gamblers; bankrupts; and low
scribblers; or manual laborers more earnest in their principles; more
ignorant and more brutal; all spending what they have earned in vulgar
indulgence。〃
'54' Schmidt; 〃Tableaux Historiques de la Revolution Fran?aise;〃 II。;
248; 249。 (Agent's reports; Frimaire 8; year 111。) 〃The prosecution
of Carrier is approved by the public; likewise the condemnation of the
former revolutionary committee called the 〃BonnetRouge。〃 Ten of its
members are condemned to twenty years in irons。 The public is
overjoyed。〃 … Ibid。; (Frimaire 9); 〃The people rushed in crowds to the
square of the old commune building to see the members of the former
revolutionary committee of the Bonnet…Rouge sections; who remained
seated on the bench until six o'clock; in the light of flambeaux。
They had to put up with many reproaches and much humiliation。〃 … 〃Un
Sejour en France;〃 286; (June 6; 1795)。 〃I have just been interrupted
by a loud noise and cries under my window; I heard the names Scipio
and Solon distinctly pronounced in a jeering and insulting tone of
voice。 I sent Angelique to see what was the matter and she tells me
that it is a crowd of children following a shoemaker of the
neighborhood who was member of a revolutionary committee。 。 。 and
had called himself Scipio Solon。 As he had been caught in several
efforts at stealing he could no longer leave his shop without being
reviled for his robberies and hooted at under his Greek and Roman
names。〃
'55' Barère; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 324。
'56' Montieur; XXII。; 742。 (Report by Cambon; Frimaire 6; year II。)
??Ibid。; 22。 … Report by Lindet; September 20; 1794): 〃 The land and
navy forces; war and other services; deprive agricultural pursuits and
other professions of more than one million five hundred thousand
citizens。 It would cost the Republic less to support six million men
in all the communes。〃 … 〃Le Departement des Affaires étrangères;〃 by
Fr。 Masson; 382。 (According to 〃Paris à la fin du dix…huitieme
siecle;〃 by Pujoulx; year IX。): 〃At Paris alone there are more than
thirty thousand (government) clerks; six thousand at the most do the
necessary writing; the rest cut away quills; consume ink and blacken
paper。 In old times; there were too many clerks in the bureaux
relatively to the work; now; there are three times as many; and there
are some who think that there are not enough。〃
'57' 〃Souvenirs de M。 Hua;〃 a parliamentary advocate; p。96。 (A very
accurate picture of the small town Coucy…le…Chateau; in Aisne; from
1792 to 1794。) … 〃Archives des Affaires étrangères;〃 vol。334。 (Letter
of the agents; Thionville; Vent?se 24; year II。) The district of
Thionville is very patriotic; submits to the maximum and requisitions;
but not to the laws prohibiting outside worship and religious
assemblies。 〃The apostles of Reason preached in vain to the people;
telling them that; up to this time; they had been deceived and that
now was the time to throw off the yoke of prejudice: 'we are willing
to believe that; thus far; we have been deceived; but who will
guarantee us that you will not deceive us in your turn?'〃
'58' Lagros: 〃 La Révolution telle qu'elle est。〃 (Unpublished
correspondence of the committee of Public Safety; I。; 366。 Letter of
Prieur de la Marne。) 〃 In general; the towns are patriotic; but the
rural districts are a hundred leagues removed from the Revolution。 。
。 。 Great efforts will be necessary to bring them up to the level of
the Revolution。〃
'59' According to the statistics of 1866 (published in 1869) a
district of one thousand square kilometres contains on an average;
thirty…three communes above five hundred souls; twenty…three from five
hundred to one thousand; seventeen bourgs and small towns from one
thousand to five thousand; and one average town; or very large one;
about five thousand。 Taking into account the changes that have taken
place in seventy years; one may judge from these figures of the
distribution of the population in 1793。 This distribution explains
why; instead of forty…five thousand revolutionary committees; there
were only twenty…one thousand five hundred。
'60' 〃Souvenirs des M。 Hua;〃 179。 〃This country (Coucy…le…Chateau)
protected by its bad roads and still more by its nullity; belonged to
that small number in which the revolutionary turmoil was least felt。〃
'61' Among other documents of use in composing this picture I must
cite; as first in importance; the five files containing all the
documents referring to the mission of the representative Albert; in
Aisne and Marne。 (Vent?se and Germinal; year III。) Nowhere do we find
more precise details of the sentiments of the peasant; of the common
laborer and of the lower bourgeois from 1792 to 1795。 (Archives
Nationales; D。 §§ 2 to 5。)
'62' Daubari; 〃La Demagogie en 1793;〃 XII。 (The expression of an old
peasant; near Saint…émilion; to M。 Vatel engaged in collecting
information on the last days of Petion; Guadet and Buzot。)
'63' Archives Nationales; D。 § I。; 5。 (Petition of Claude Defert;
miller; and national agent of Turgy。) Numbers of mayors; municipal
officers; national agents; administrators and notables of districts
and departments solicit successors; and Albert compels many of them to
remain in office。 … (Joint letter of the entire municipality of
Landreville; letter of Charles; stone…cutter; mayor of Trannes; Claude
Defert; miller; national agent of Turgy; of Elegny; meat…dealer; of a
wine…grower; municipal official at Merrex; etc。) The latter writes:
〃The Republic is great and generous; it does not desire that its
children should ruin themselves in attending to its affairs; on the
contrary; its object is to give salaried (emolumentaires) places to
those who have nothing to live on。 … Another; Mageure; appointed
mayor of Bar…sur…Seine writes; Pluvi?se 29; year III。: 〃I learned
yesterday that some persons of this community would like to procure
for me the insidious gift of the mayoralty;〃 and he begs Albert to
turn aside this cup。
'64' 〃Souvenirs de M。 Hua;〃 178…205。 〃M。 P。。。 ; mayor of Crépy…au…
Mont; knew how to restrain some low fellows who would have been only
too glad to revolutionize his village。 。 。 。 And yet he was a
republican。 。 。 。 One day; speaking of the revolutionary system;
he said: 'They always say that it will not hold on; meanwhile; it
sticks like lice。' 〃 … 〃A general assembly of the inhabitants of Coucy
and its outskirts was held; in which everybody was obliged to undergo
an examination; stating his name; residence; birth…place; present
occupation; and what he had done during the Revolution。〃 Hua avoids
telling that he had been a representative in the Legislative Assembly;
a recognized fact in the neighborhood: 〃Not a voice was raised to
compromise me。〃 … Ibid。; 183。 (Reply of the Coucy Revolutionary
Committee to that of Meaux。)
'65' 〃Frochot;〃 by Louis Passy; 175。 (Letter of Pajot; member of the
Revolutionary committee of Troyes; Vendémiaire; year III。) … Archives
Nationales; F。7; 4421。 (Register of the Revolutionary committee of
Troyes。) Brumaire 27; year II。 Incarceration of various suspects;
among others of 〃Lerouge; former lawyer; under suspicion of having
constantly and obstinately refused revolutionary offices。〃 Also; a
person named Corps; for 〃having refused the presidency of the district
tribunal at the time of its organization; under the pretext of
consulting the Chambre des Comptes; also for being the friend of
suspects; and for having accepted office only after the Revolution had
assumed an imposing character。〃
'66' Marcelin Boudet; 〃Les conventionnels d'Auvergne;〃 161。
(Justification of Etienne Bonarmé; the last months of 1794。)
'67' Pans; 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon;〃 II。; 92。 (Declaration by
Guérard; lawyer; appointed judge at Cambrai; by the Cambrai
Revolutionary committee。) … Ibid。; 54。 (Declaration by Lemerre;
appointed juryman without his knowledge; in the Cambrai court。) 〃What
was my surprise; I; who never was on a jury in my life! The summons
was brought to me at a quarter to eleven (à onze heur moin un car …
specimen of the orthography) and I had to go at eleven without having
time to say good…by to my family。〃
'68' Report by Courtois on the papers found in Robespierre's domicile;
370。 (Letter of Maignet to Payan; administrator of the department of
Dr?me; Germinal 20; year II。) 〃You know the dearth of subjects here 。
。 。 Give me the names of a dozen outspoken republicans 。 。 。
。 If you cannot find them in this department (Vaucluse) hunt for them
either in the Dr?me or the Isère; or in any other。 I should like
those adapted to a revolutionary tribunal。 I should even like; in
case of necessity; to have some that are qualified to act as national
agents。〃
'69' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vols。 322 to 334; and 1409 to
1411。 … These agents reside in N?mes; Marseilles; Toulouse; Tarbes;
Bordeaux; Auch; Rochefort; Brest; Bergues; Givet; Metz; Thionville;
Strasbourg; Colmar; Belfort