aemilius paulus-第6章

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greatest　joy。　Or　can　you；　when　you　see　before　your　eyes　the　succession
of　Alexander　himself；　who　arrived　at　the　height　of　power　and　ruled　the
greatest　empire；　in　the　short　space　of　an　hour　trodden　underfoot…　when
you　behold　a　king；　that　was　but　even　now　surrounded　with　so　numerous
an　army；　receiving　nourishment　to　support　his　life　from　the　hands　of
his　conquerors…　can　you；　I　say；　believe　there　is　any　certainty　in　what
we　now　possess　whilst　there　is　such　a　thing　as　chance？　No；　young
men；　cast　off　that　vain　pride　and　empty　boast　of　victory；　sit　down
with　humility；　looking　always　for　what　is　yet　to　come；　and　the
possible　future　reverses　which　the　divine　displeasure　may　eventually
make　the　end　of　our　present　happiness。〃　It　is　said　that　Aemilius；
having　spoken　much　more　to　the　same　purpose；　dismissed　the　young　men
properly　humbled；　and　with　their　vainglory　and　insolence　thoroughly
chastened　and　curbed　by　his　address。
　　When　this　was　done；　he　put　his　army　into　garrisons；　to　refresh
themselves；　and　went　himself　to　visit　Greece；　and　to　spend　a　short
time　in　relaxations　equally　honourable　and　humane。　For　as　he　passed；
he　eased　the　people's　grievances；　reformed　their　governments；　and
bestowed　gifts　upon　them；　to　some　corn；　to　others　oil　out　of　the
king's　storehouses；　in　which；　they　report；　there　were　such　vast
quantities　laid　up；　that　receivers　and　petitioners　were　lacking　before
they　could　be　exhausted。　In　Delphi　he　found　a　great　square　pillar　of
white　marble；　designed　for　the　pedestal　of　King　Perseus's　golden
statue；　on　which　he　commanded　his　own　to　be　placed；　alleging　that　it
was　but　just　that　the　conquered　should　give　place　to　the　conquerors。
In　Olympia　he　is　said　to　have　uttered　the　saying　everybody　has
heard；　that　Phidias　had　carved　Homer's　Jupiter。　When　the　ten
commissioners　arrived　from　Rome；　he　delivered　up　again　to　the
Macedonians　their　cities　and　country；　granting　them　to　live　at
liberty；　and　according　to　their　own　laws；　only　paying　the　Romans　the
tribute　of　a　hundred　talents；　double　which　sum　they　had　been　wont　to
pay　to　their　kings。　Then　he　celebrated　all　manner　of　shows　and
games；　and　sacrifices　to　the　gods；　and　made　great　entertainments　and
feasts；　the　charge　of　all　which　he　liberally　defrayed　out　of　the
king's　treasury；　and　showed　that　he　understood　the　ordering　and
placing　of　his　guests；　and　how　every　man　should　be　received；
answerably　to　their　rank　and　quality；　with　such　nice　exactness；　that
the　Greeks　were　full　of　wonder；　finding　the　care　of　these　matters　of
pleasure　did　not　escape　him；　and　that　though　involved　in　such
important　business；　he　could　observe　correctness　in　these　trifles。　Nor
was　it　least　gratifying　to　him；　that；　amidst　all　the　magnificent　and
splendid　preparations；　he　himself　was　always　the　most　grateful
sight；　and　greatest　pleasure　to　those　he　entertained。　And　he　told
those　that　seemed　to　wonder　at　his　diligence；　that　there　was　the
same　spirit　shown　in　marshalling；　a　banquet　as　an　army；　in　rendering
the　one　formidable　to　the　enemy；　the　other　acceptable　to　the　guests。
Nor　did　men　less　praise　his　liberality；　and　the　greatness　of　his　soul；
than　his　other　virtues；　for　he　would　not　so　much　as　see　those　great
quantities　of　silver　and　gold；　which　were　heaped　together　out　of　the
king's　palaces；　but　delivered　them　to　the　quaestors；　to　be　put　into
the　public　treasury。　He　only　permitted　his　own　sons；　who　were　great
lovers　of　learning；　to　take　the　king's　books；　and　when　he
distributed　rewards　due　to　extraordinary　valour；　he　gave　his
son…in…law；　Aelius　Tubero；　a　bowl　that　weighed　five　pounds。　This　is
that　Tubero　we　have　already　mentioned；　who　was　one　of　sixteen
relations　that　lived　together；　and　were　all　maintained　out　of　one
little　farm；　and　it　is　said　that　this　was　the　first　plate　that　ever
entered　the　house　of　the　Aelii；　brought　thither　as　an　honour　and
reward　of　virtue；　before　this　time；　neither　they　nor　their　wives
ever　made　use　either　of　silver　or　gold。
　　Having　thus　settled　everything　well；　taking　his　leave　of　the　Greeks；
and　exhorting　the　Macedonians；　that；　mindful　of　the　liberty　they　had
received　from　the　Romans；　they　should　endeavour　to　maintain　it　by
their　obedience　to　the　laws；　and　concord　amongst　themselves；　he
departed　for　Epirus；　having　orders　from　the　senate　to　give　the
soldiers　that　followed　him　in　the　war　against　Perseus　the　pillage　of
the　cities　of　that　country。　That　he　might　set　upon　them　all　at　once　by
surprise　and　unawares；　he　summoned　ten　of　the　principal　men　out　of
each；　whom　he　commanded；　on　such　an　appointed　day；　to　bring　all　the
gold　and　silver　they　had　either　in　their　private　houses　or　temples；
and；　with　every　one　of　these；　as　if　it　were　for　this　very　purpose；　and
under　a　pretence　of　searching　for　and　receiving　the　gold；　he　sent　a
centurion　and　a　guard　of　soldiers；　who；　the　set　day　being　come；　rose
all　at　once；　and　at　the　very　self…same　time　fell　upon　them；　and
proceeded　to　ransack　the　cities；　so　that　in　one　hour　a　hundred　and
fifty　thousand　persons　were　made　slaves；　and　threescore　and　ten　cities
sacked。　Yet　what　was　given　to　each　soldier；　out　of　so　vast　a
destruction　and　utter　ruin；　amounted　to　no　more　than　eleven
drachmas；　so　that　men　could　only　shudder　at　the　issue　of　a　war；
where　the　wealth　of　a　whole　nation　thus　divided　turned　to　so　little
advantage　and　profit　to　each　particular　man。
　　When　Aemilius　had　done　this…　an　action　perfectly　contrary　to　his
gentle　and　mild　nature…　he　went　down　to　Oricus；　where　he　embarked
his　army　for　Italy。　He　sailed　up　the　river　Tiber　in　the　king's　galley；
that　had　sixteen　banks　of　oars；　and　was　richly　adorned　with　captured
arms　and　with　cloths　of　purple　and　scarlet；　so　that；　the　vessel　rowing
slowly　against　the　stream；　the　Romans　that　crowded　on　the　shore　to
meet　him　had　a　foretaste　of　his　following　triumph。　But　the　soldiers；
who　had　cast　a　covetous　eye　on　the　treasures　of　Perseus；　when　they　did
not　obtain　as　much　as　they　thought　they　deserved；　were　secretly
enraged　and　angry　with　Aemilius　for　this；　but　openly　complained　that
he　had　been　a　severe　and　tyrannical　commander　over　them；　nor　were　they
ready　to　show　their　desire　of　his　triumph。　When　Servius　Galba；　who　was
Aemilius's　enemy；　though　he　commanded　as　tribune　under　him；　understood
this；　he　had　the　boldness　plainly　to　affirm　that　a　triumph　was　not
to　be　allowed　him；　and　sowed　various　calumnies　amongst　the　soldiers；
which　yet　further　increased　their　ill…will。　Nay　more；　he　desired　the
tribunes　of　the　people；　because　the　four　hours　that　were　remaining
of　the　day　could　not　suffice　for　the　accusation；　to　let　him　put　it　off
till　another。　But　when　the　tribunes　commanded　him　to　speak　then；　if　he
had　anything　to　say；　he　began　a　long　oration；　filled　with　all　manner
of　reproaches；　in　which　he　spent　the　remaining　part　of　the　time；　and
the　tribunes；　when　it　was　dark；　dismissed　the　assembly。　The　soldiers
growing　more　vehement　on　this；　thronged　all　to　Galba；　and　entering
into　a　conspiracy；　early　in　the　morning　beset　the　capitol；　where　the
tribunes　had　appointed　the　following　assembly　to　be　held。
　　As　soon　as　it　was　day　it　was　put　to　the　vote；　and　the　first　tribe
was　proceeding　to　refuse　the　triumph；　and　the　news　spread　amongst
the　people　and　to　the　senate。　The　people　were　indeed　much　grieved　that
Aemilius　should　meet　with　such　ignominy；　but　this　was　only　in　words；
which　had　no　effect。　The　chief　of　the　senate　exclaimed　against　it　as　a
base　action；　and　excited　one　another　to　repress　the　boldness　and
insolence　of　the　soldiers；　which　would　ere　long　become　altogether
ungovernable　and　violent；　were　they　now　permitted　to　deprive
Aemilius　of　his　triumph。　Forcing　a　passage　through　the　crowd；　they
came　up　in　great　numbers；　and　desired　the　tribunes　to　defer　polling
till　they　had　spoken　what　they　had　to　say　to　the　people。　All　things
thus　suspended；　and　silence　being　made；　Marcus　Servilius　stood　up；　a
man　of　consular　dignity；　and　who　had　killed　twenty…three　of　his
enemies　that　had　challenged　him　in　single　combat。　〃It　is　now　more　than
ever；〃　said　he；　〃clear　to　my　mind　how　great　a　commander　our　Aemilius
Paulus　is；　when　I　see　he　was　able　to　perform　such　famous　and　great
exploits　with　an　army　so　full　of　sedition　and　baseness；　nor　can　I
sufficiently　wonder；　that　a　people　that　seemed　to　glory　in　the
triumphs　over　Illyrians　and　Ligurians；　should　now　through　envy
refuse　to　see　the　Macedonian　king　led　alive；　and　all　the　glory　of
Philip　and　Alexander；　in　captivity　to　the　Roman　power。　For　is　it　not　a
strange　thing　for　you；　who　upon　a　slight　rumour　of　victory　that　came
by　chance　into　the　city；　did　offer　sacrifices　and　put　up　your　requests
unto　the　gods　that　you　might　see　the　report　verified；　now；　when　the
general　is　returned　with　an　undoubted　conquest；　to　defraud　the　gods　of
honour；　and　yourselves　of　joy；　as　if　you　feared　to　behold　the
greatness　of　his　warlike　deed；　or　were　resolved　to　spare　your　enemy？
And　of　the　two；　much　better　were　it　to　put　a　stop　to　the　triumph；
out　of　pity　to　him；　than　out　of　envy　to　your　general；　yet　to　such　a
height　of　power　is　malice　arrived　amongst　you；　that　a　man　without
one　scar　to　show　on　his　skin；　that　is　smooth　and　sleek　with　ease　and
homekeeping　habits；　will　undertake　to　define　the　office　and　duties
of　a　general　before　us；　who　with　our　own　wounds　have　been　taught　how
to　judge　of　the　valour　or　the　cowardice　of　commanders。〃　And；　at　the
same　time；　putting　aside　his　garment；　he　showed　an　infinite　number
of　scars　upon　his　breast；　and；　turning　about；　he　exposed　some　parts　of
his　person　which　it　is　usual　to　conceal；　and；　addressing　Galba；
said：　〃You　deride　me　for　these；　in　which　I　glory　before　my
fellow…citizens；　for　it　is　in　their　service；　in　which　I　have　ridden
night　and　day；　that　I　received　them；　but　go　collect　the　votes；
whilst　I　follow　after；　and　note　the　base　and　ungrateful；　and　such　as
choose　rather　to　be　flattered　and　courted　than　commanded　by　their
general。〃　It　is　said　this　speech　so　stopped　the　soldiers'　mouths；
and　altered　their　minds；　that　all　the　tribes　decreed　a　triumph　for
Aemilius；　which　was　performed　after　this　manner。
　　The　people　erected　scaffolds　in　the　forum；　in　the　circuses；　as
they　call　their　buildings　for　horse…races；　and　in　all　other　parts　of
the　city　where　they　could　best　behold　the　show。　The　spectators　were
clad　in　white　garments；　all　the　temples　were　open；　and　full　of
garlands　and　perfumes；　the　ways　were　cleared　and　kept　open　by　numerous
officers；　who　drove　back　all　who　crowded　into　or　ran　across　the　main
avenue。　This　triumph　lasted　three　days。　On　the　first；　which　was
scarcely　long　enough　for　the　sight；　were　to　be　seen　the　statues；
pictures；　and　colossal　images　which　were　taken　from　the　enemy；　drawn
upon　two　hundred　and　fifty　chariots。　On　the　second　was　carried　in　a
great　many　wagons　the　finest　and　richest　armour　of　the　Macedonians；
both　of　brass　and　steel；　all　newly　polished　and　glittering　the
pieces　of　which　were　piled　up　and　arranged　purposely　with　the　greatest
art；　so　as　to　seem　to　be　tumbled　in　heaps　carelessly　and　by　chance：
helmets　were　thrown　upon　shields；　coats　of　mail　upon　greaves；　Cretan
targets；　and　Thracian　bucklers　and　quivers　of　arrows；　lay　huddled
amongst　horses'　bits；　and　through　these　there　appeared　the　points　of
naked　sword