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e£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡real¡¡expressions¡¡of¡¡true¡¡Christian¡¡love¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡next¡¡day¡¡they¡¡went¡¡on¡¡board£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡friends¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡where¡¡truly¡¡doleful¡¡was¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡that¡¡sad¡¡and¡¡mournful¡¡parting£»¡¡to¡¡hear¡¡what¡¡sighs¡¡and¡¡sobs¡¡and¡¡prayers¡¡did¡¡sound¡¡amongst¡¡them£»¡¡what¡¡tears¡¡did¡¡gush¡¡from¡¡every¡¡eye£»¡¡and¡¡pithy¡¡speeches¡¡pierced¡¡each¡¡other's¡¡heart£»¡¡that¡¡sundry¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Dutch¡¡strangers¡¡that¡¡stood¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Key¡¡as¡¡spectators¡¡could¡¡not¡¡refrain¡¡from¡¡tears¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡tide¡¡£¨which¡¡stays¡¡for¡¡no¡¡man£©¡¡calling¡¡them¡¡away£»¡¡that¡¡were¡¡thus¡¡loth¡¡to¡¡depart£»¡¡their¡¡Reverend¡¡Pastor¡¡falling¡¡down¡¡on¡¡his¡¡knees£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡all¡¡with¡¡him£»¡¡with¡¡watery¡¡cheeks¡¡commended¡¡them¡¡with¡¡most¡¡fervent¡¡prayers¡¡unto¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡and¡¡his¡¡blessing£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡with¡¡mutual¡¡embraces¡¡and¡¡many¡¡tears¡¡they¡¡took¡¡their¡¡leaves¡¡one¡¡of¡¡another£»¡¡which¡¡proved¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡last¡¡leave¡¡to¡¡many¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¨

£§Footnote¡¡g£º¡¡The¡¡emigrants¡¡were£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡most¡¡part£»¡¡godly¡¡Christians¡¡from¡¡the¡¡North¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡quitted¡¡their¡¡native¡¡country¡¡because¡¡they¡¡were¡¡¡¨studious¡¡of¡¡reformation£»¡¡and¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡covenant¡¡to¡¡walk¡¡with¡¡one¡¡another¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡primitive¡¡pattern¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Word¡¡of¡¡God¡£¡¨¡¡They¡¡emigrated¡¡to¡¡Holland£»¡¡and¡¡settled¡¡in¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Leyden¡¡in¡¡1610£»¡¡where¡¡they¡¡abode£»¡¡being¡¡lovingly¡¡respected¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Dutch£»¡¡for¡¡many¡¡years£º¡¡they¡¡left¡¡it¡¡in¡¡1620¡¡for¡¡several¡¡reasons£»¡¡the¡¡last¡¡of¡¡which¡¡was£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡posterity¡¡would¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡generations¡¡become¡¡Dutch£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡lose¡¡their¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡English¡¡nation£»¡¡they¡¡being¡¡desirous¡¡rather¡¡to¡¡enlarge¡¡His¡¡Majesty's¡¡dominions£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡live¡¡under¡¡their¡¡natural¡¡prince¡£¡¡¡­¡¡Translator's¡¡Note¡££§

The¡¡emigrants¡¡were¡¡about¡¡150¡¡in¡¡number£»¡¡including¡¡the¡¡women¡¡and¡¡the¡¡children¡£¡¡¡¡Their¡¡object¡¡was¡¡to¡¡plant¡¡a¡¡colony¡¡on¡¡the¡¡shores¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hudson£»¡¡but¡¡after¡¡having¡¡been¡¡driven¡¡about¡¡for¡¡some¡¡time¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Atlantic¡¡Ocean£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡land¡¡on¡¡that¡¡arid¡¡coast¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡¡which¡¡is¡¡now¡¡the¡¡site¡¡of¡¡the¡¡town¡¡of¡¡Plymouth¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡rock¡¡is¡¡still¡¡shown¡¡on¡¡which¡¡the¡¡pilgrims¡¡disembarked¡£¡¡*h

£§Footnote¡¡h£º¡¡This¡¡rock¡¡is¡¡become¡¡an¡¡object¡¡of¡¡veneration¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡I¡¡have¡¡seen¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡it¡¡carefully¡¡preserved¡¡in¡¡several¡¡towns¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Union¡£¡¡Does¡¡not¡¡this¡¡sufficiently¡¡show¡¡how¡¡entirely¡¡all¡¡human¡¡power¡¡and¡¡greatness¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡of¡¡man£¿¡¡¡¡Here¡¡is¡¡a¡¡stone¡¡which¡¡the¡¡feet¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡outcasts¡¡pressed¡¡for¡¡an¡¡instant£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡stone¡¡becomes¡¡famous£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡treasured¡¡by¡¡a¡¡great¡¡nation£»¡¡its¡¡very¡¡dust¡¡is¡¡shared¡¡as¡¡a¡¡relic£º¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡become¡¡of¡¡the¡¡gateways¡¡of¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡palaces£¿£§

¡¨But¡¡before¡¡we¡¡pass¡¡on£»¡¨¡¡continues¡¡our¡¡historian£»¡¡¡¨let¡¡the¡¡reader¡¡with¡¡me¡¡make¡¡a¡¡pause¡¡and¡¡seriously¡¡consider¡¡this¡¡poor¡¡people's¡¡present¡¡condition£»¡¡the¡¡more¡¡to¡¡be¡¡raised¡¡up¡¡to¡¡admiration¡¡of¡¡God's¡¡goodness¡¡towards¡¡them¡¡in¡¡their¡¡preservation£º¡¡for¡¡being¡¡now¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡vast¡¡ocean£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡sea¡¡of¡¡troubles¡¡before¡¡them¡¡in¡¡expectation£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡now¡¡no¡¡friends¡¡to¡¡welcome¡¡them£»¡¡no¡¡inns¡¡to¡¡entertain¡¡or¡¡refresh¡¡them£»¡¡no¡¡houses£»¡¡or¡¡much¡¡less¡¡towns¡¡to¡¡repair¡¡unto¡¡to¡¡seek¡¡for¡¡succour£º¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡season¡¡it¡¡was¡¡winter£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡that¡¡know¡¡the¡¡winters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡¡know¡¡them¡¡to¡¡be¡¡sharp¡¡and¡¡violent£»¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡cruel¡¡and¡¡fierce¡¡storms£»¡¡dangerous¡¡to¡¡travel¡¡to¡¡known¡¡places£»¡¡much¡¡more¡¡to¡¡search¡¡unknown¡¡coasts¡£¡¡¡¡Besides£»¡¡what¡¡could¡¡they¡¡see¡¡but¡¡a¡¡hideous¡¡and¡¡desolate¡¡wilderness£»¡¡full¡¡of¡¡wilde¡¡beasts£»¡¡and¡¡wilde¡¡men£¿¡¡¡¡and¡¡what¡¡multitudes¡¡of¡¡them¡¡there¡¡were£»¡¡they¡¡then¡¡knew¡¡not£º¡¡for¡¡which¡¡way¡¡soever¡¡they¡¡turned¡¡their¡¡eyes¡¡£¨save¡¡upward¡¡to¡¡Heaven£©¡¡they¡¡could¡¡have¡¡but¡¡little¡¡solace¡¡or¡¡content¡¡in¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡any¡¡outward¡¡object£»¡¡for¡¡summer¡¡being¡¡ended£»¡¡all¡¡things¡¡stand¡¡in¡¡appearance¡¡with¡¡a¡¡weather¡­beaten¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡country¡¡full¡¡of¡¡woods¡¡and¡¡thickets£»¡¡represented¡¡a¡¡wild¡¡and¡¡savage¡¡hew£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡looked¡¡behind¡¡them£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡the¡¡mighty¡¡ocean¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had¡¡passed£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡now¡¡as¡¡a¡¡main¡¡bar¡¡or¡¡gulph¡¡to¡¡separate¡¡them¡¡from¡¡all¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¨

It¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡imagined¡¡that¡¡the¡¡piety¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Puritans¡¡was¡¡of¡¡a¡¡merely¡¡speculative¡¡kind£»¡¡or¡¡that¡¡it¡¡took¡¡no¡¡cognizance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡worldly¡¡affairs¡£¡¡¡¡Puritanism£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡remarked£»¡¡was¡¡scarcely¡¡less¡¡a¡¡political¡¡than¡¡a¡¡religious¡¡doctrine¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡sooner¡¡had¡¡the¡¡emigrants¡¡landed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡barren¡¡coast¡¡described¡¡by¡¡Nathaniel¡¡Morton¡¡than¡¡it¡¡was¡¡their¡¡first¡¡care¡¡to¡¡constitute¡¡a¡¡society£»¡¡by¡¡passing¡¡the¡¡following¡¡Act£º

¡¨In¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡God¡£¡¡¡¡Amen¡£¡¡¡¡We£»¡¡whose¡¡names¡¡are¡¡underwritten£»¡¡the¡¡loyal¡¡subjects¡¡of¡¡our¡¡dread¡¡Sovereign¡¡Lord¡¡King¡¡James£»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡Having¡¡undertaken¡¡for¡¡the¡¡glory¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡advancement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Christian¡¡Faith£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡honour¡¡of¡¡our¡¡King¡¡and¡¡country£»¡¡a¡¡voyage¡¡to¡¡plant¡¡the¡¡first¡¡colony¡¡in¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡Virginia£»¡¡Do¡¡by¡¡these¡¡presents¡¡solemnly¡¡and¡¡mutually£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡God¡¡and¡¡one¡¡another£»¡¡covenant¡¡and¡¡combine¡¡ourselves¡¡together¡¡into¡¡a¡¡civil¡¡body¡¡politick£»¡¡for¡¡our¡¡better¡¡ordering¡¡and¡¡preservation£»¡¡and¡¡furtherance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ends¡¡aforesaid£º¡¡and¡¡by¡¡virtue¡¡hereof¡¡do¡¡enact£»¡¡constitute¡¡and¡¡frame¡¡such¡¡just¡¡and¡¡equal¡¡laws£»¡¡ordinances£»¡¡acts£»¡¡constitutions£»¡¡and¡¡officers£»¡¡from¡¡time¡¡to¡¡time£»¡¡as¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡thought¡¡most¡¡meet¡¡and¡¡convenient¡¡for¡¡the¡¡general¡¡good¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Colony£º¡¡unto¡¡which¡¡we¡¡promise¡¡all¡¡due¡¡submission¡¡and¡¡obedience£»¡¨¡¡etc¡£¡¡*i¡¡

£§Footnote¡¡i£º¡¡The¡¡emigrants¡¡who¡¡founded¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Rhode¡¡Island¡¡in¡¡1638£»¡¡those¡¡who¡¡landed¡¡at¡¡New¡¡Haven¡¡in¡¡1637£»¡¡the¡¡first¡¡settlers¡¡in¡¡Connecticut¡¡in¡¡1639£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡founders¡¡of¡¡Providence¡¡in¡¡1640£»¡¡began¡¡in¡¡like¡¡manner¡¡by¡¡drawing¡¡up¡¡a¡¡social¡¡contract£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡acceded¡¡to¡¡by¡¡all¡¡the¡¡interested¡¡parties¡£¡¡See¡¡¡¨Pitkin's¡¡History£»¡¨¡¡pp¡£¡¡42¡¡and¡¡47¡££§

This¡¡happened¡¡in¡¡1620£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡that¡¡time¡¡forwards¡¡the¡¡emigration¡¡went¡¡on¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡religious¡¡and¡¡political¡¡passions¡¡which¡¡ravaged¡¡the¡¡British¡¡Empire¡¡during¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡reign¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡I¡¡drove¡¡fresh¡¡crowds¡¡of¡¡sectarians¡¡every¡¡year¡¡to¡¡the¡¡shores¡¡of¡¡America¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡England¡¡the¡¡stronghold¡¡of¡¡Puritanism¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡classes£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡from¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡classes¡¡that¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡emigrants¡¡came¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡population¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡¡increased¡¡rapidly£»¡¡and¡¡whilst¡¡the¡¡hierarchy¡¡of¡¡rank¡¡despotically¡¡classed¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mother¡­country£»¡¡the¡¡colony¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡present¡¡the¡¡novel¡¡spectacle¡¡of¡¡a¡¡community¡¡homogeneous¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡parts¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡democracy£»¡¡more¡¡perfect¡¡than¡¡any¡¡which¡¡antiquity¡¡had¡¡dreamt¡¡of£»¡¡started¡¡in¡¡full¡¡size¡¡and¡¡panoply¡¡from¡¡the¡¡midst¡¡of¡¡an¡¡ancient¡¡feudal¡¡society¡£


Chapter¡¡II£º¡¡Origin¡¡Of¡¡The¡¡Anglo¡­Americans¡¡¡­¡¡Part¡¡II


The¡¡English¡¡Government¡¡was¡¡not¡¡dissatisfied¡¡with¡¡an¡¡emigration¡¡which¡¡removed¡¡the¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡fresh¡¡discord¡¡and¡¡of¡¡further¡¡revolutions¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡everything¡¡was¡¡done¡¡to¡¡encourage¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡great¡¡exertions¡¡were¡¡made¡¡to¡¡mitigate¡¡the¡¡hardships¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡sought¡¡a¡¡shelter¡¡from¡¡the¡¡rigor¡¡of¡¡their¡¡country's¡¡laws¡¡on¡¡the¡¡soil¡¡of¡¡America¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡seemed¡¡as¡¡if¡¡New¡¡England¡¡was¡¡a¡¡region¡¡given¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡dreams¡¡of¡¡fancy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡unrestrained¡¡experiments¡¡of¡¡innovators¡£

The¡¡English¡¡colonies¡¡£¨and¡¡this¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡main¡¡causes¡¡of¡¡their¡¡prosperity£©¡¡have¡¡always¡¡enjoyed¡¡more¡¡internal¡¡freedom¡¡and¡¡more¡¡political¡¡independence¡¡than¡¡the¡¡colonies¡¡of¡¡other¡¡nations£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡liberty¡¡was¡¡nowhere¡¡more¡¡extensively¡¡applied¡¡than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡States¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡£

It¡¡was¡¡generally¡¡allowed¡¡at¡¡that¡¡period¡¡that¡¡the¡¡territories¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World¡¡belonged¡¡to¡¡that¡¡European¡¡nation¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡the¡¡first¡¡to¡¡discover¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Nearly¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡coast¡¡of¡¡North¡¡America¡¡thus¡¡became¡¡a¡¡British¡¡possession¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sixteenth¡¡century¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡means¡¡used¡¡by¡¡the¡¡English¡¡Government¡¡to¡¡people¡¡these¡¡new¡¡domains¡¡were¡¡of¡¡several¡¡kinds£»¡¡the¡¡King¡¡sometimes¡¡appointed¡¡a¡¡governor¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡choice£»¡¡who¡¡ruled¡¡a¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World¡¡in¡¡the¡¡name¡¡and¡¡under¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡orders¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Crown£»¡¡*j¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡colonial¡¡system¡¡adopted¡¡by¡¡other¡¡countries¡¡of¡¡Europe¡£¡¡¡¡Sometimes¡¡grants¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡tracts¡¡were¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Crown¡¡to¡¡an¡¡individual¡¡or¡¡to¡¡a¡¡company£»¡¡*k¡¡in¡¡which¡¡case¡¡all¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡and¡¡political¡¡power¡¡fell¡¡into¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡one¡¡or¡¡more¡¡persons£»¡¡who£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡inspection¡¡and¡¡control¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Crown£»¡¡sold¡¡the¡¡lands¡¡and¡¡governed¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡£¡¡¡¡Lastly£»¡¡a¡¡third¡¡system¡¡consisted¡¡in¡¡allowing¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡number¡¡of¡¡emigrants¡¡to¡¡constitute¡¡a¡¡political¡¡society¡¡under¡¡the¡¡protection¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mother¡­country£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡govern¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡whatever¡¡was¡¡not¡¡contrary¡¡to¡¡her¡¡laws¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡mode¡¡of¡¡colonization£»¡¡so¡¡remarkably¡¡favorable¡¡to¡¡liberty£»¡¡was¡¡only¡¡adopted¡¡in¡¡New¡¡England¡£¡¡*l

£§Footnote¡¡j£º¡¡This¡¡was¡¡the¡¡case¡¡in¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡New¡¡York¡££§

£§Footnote¡¡k£º¡¡Maryland£»¡¡the¡¡Carolinas£»¡¡Pennsylvania£»¡¡and¡¡New¡¡Jersey¡¡were¡¡in¡¡this¡¡situation¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¨Pitkin's¡¡History£»¡¨¡¡vol¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡pp¡£¡¡11¡­31¡££§

£§Footnote¡¡l£º¡¡See¡¡the¡¡work¡¡entitled¡¡¡¨Historical¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡State¡¡Papers¡¡and¡¡other¡¡authentic¡¡Documents¡¡intended¡¡as¡¡materials¡¡for¡¡a¡¡History¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡of¡¡America£»¡¡by¡¡Ebenezer¡¡Hasard¡£¡¡¡¡Philadelphia£»¡¡1792£»¡¨¡¡for¡¡a¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡documents¡¡relating¡¡to¡¡the¡¡commencement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡colonies£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡valuable¡¡from¡¡their¡¡contents¡¡and¡¡their¡¡authenticity£º¡¡amongst¡¡them¡¡are¡¡the¡¡various¡¡charters¡¡granted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡King¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡first¡¡acts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡local¡¡governments¡£

See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡analysis¡¡of¡¡all¡¡these¡¡charters¡¡given¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Story£»¡¡Judge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Introduction¡¡to¡¡his¡¡¡¨Commentary¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¨¡¡It¡¡results¡¡from¡¡these¡¡documents¡¡that¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡representative¡¡government¡¡and¡¡the¡¡external¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡political¡¡liberty¡¡were¡¡introduced¡¡into¡¡all¡¡the¡¡colonies¡¡at¡¡their¡¡origin¡£¡¡These¡¡principles¡¡were¡¡more¡¡fully¡¡acted¡¡upon¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North¡¡than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡South£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡existed¡¡everywhere¡££§

In¡¡1628¡¡*m¡¡a¡¡charter¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡was¡¡granted¡¡by¡¡Charles¡¡I¡¡to¡¡the¡¡emigrants¡¡who¡¡went¡¡to¡¡form¡¡the¡¡colony¡¡of¡¡Massachusetts¡£¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡charters¡¡were¡¡not¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡colonies¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡¡till¡¡they¡¡had¡¡acquired¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡existence¡£¡¡¡¡Plymouth£»¡¡Providence£»¡¡New¡¡Haven£»¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Connecticut£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Rhode¡¡Island¡¡*n¡¡were¡¡founded¡¡without¡¡the¡¡co¡­operation¡¡and¡¡almost¡¡without¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mother¡­country¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡new¡¡settlers¡¡did¡¡not¡¡derive¡¡their¡¡incorporation¡¡from¡¡the¡¡seat¡¡of¡¡the¡¡empire£»¡¡although¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡deny¡¡its¡¡supremacy£»¡¡they¡¡constituted¡¡a¡¡society¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡accord£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡till¡¡thirty¡¡or¡¡forty¡¡years¡¡afterwards£»¡¡under¡¡Charles¡¡II¡£¡¡that¡¡their¡¡existence¡¡was¡¡legally¡¡recognized¡¡by¡¡a¡¡royal¡¡charter¡£

£§Footnote¡¡m£º¡¡See¡¡¡¨Pitkin's¡¡History£»¡¨¡¡p£»¡¡35¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡the¡¡¡¨History¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Colony¡¡of¡¡Massachusetts¡¡Bay£»¡¨¡¡by¡¡Hutchinson£»¡¡vol¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡p¡£¡¡9¡££§¡¡¡¡£§Footnote¡¡n£º¡¡See¡¡¡¨Pitkin's¡¡History£»¡¨¡¡pp¡£¡¡42£»¡¡47¡££§

This¡¡frequently¡¡renders¡¡its¡¡it¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡detect¡¡the¡¡link¡¡which¡¡connected¡¡the¡¡emigrants¡¡with¡¡the¡¡land¡¡of¡¡their¡¡forefathers¡¡in¡¡studying¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡historical¡¡and¡¡legislative¡¡records¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡exercised¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡sovereignty£»¡¡they¡¡named¡¡their¡¡magistrates£»¡¡concluded¡¡peace¡¡or¡¡declared¡¡war£»¡¡made¡¡police¡¡regulations£»¡¡and¡¡enacted¡¡laws¡¡as¡¡if¡¡their¡¡allegiance¡¡was¡¡due¡¡only¡¡to¡¡God¡£¡¡*o¡¡Nothing¡¡can¡¡be¡¡more¡¡curious¡¡and£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡more¡¡instructive£»¡¡than¡¡the¡¡legislation¡¡of¡¡that¡¡period£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡there¡¡that¡¡the¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡social¡¡problem¡¡which¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡now¡¡present¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡£

£§Footnote¡¡o£º¡¡The¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡Massachusetts¡¡had¡¡deviated¡¡from¡¡the¡¡forms¡¡which¡¡are¡¡preserved¡¡in¡¡the¡¡criminal¡¡and¡¡civil¡¡procedure¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡in¡¡1650¡¡the¡¡decrees¡¡of¡¡justice¡¡were¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡headed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡style¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡Hutchinson£»¡¡vol¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡p¡£¡¡452¡££§

Amongst¡¡these¡¡documents¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡notice£»¡¡as¡¡especially¡¡characteristic£»¡¡the¡¡code¡¡of¡¡laws¡¡promulgated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡little¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Connecticut¡¡in¡¡1650¡£¡¡*p¡¡The¡¡legislators¡¡of¡¡Connecticut¡¡*q¡¡begin¡¡with¡¡the¡¡penal¡¡laws£»¡¡and£»¡¡s

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