phaedrus-第7章

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follows　in　the　train　of　any　other　god；　while　he　is　unspoiled　and　the



impression　lasts；　honours　and　imitates　him；　as　far　as　he　is　able；



and　after　the　manner　of　his　god　he　behaves　in　his　intercourse　with　his



beloved　and　with　the　rest　of　the　world　during　the　first　period　of



his　earthly　existence。　Every　one　chooses　his　love　from　the　ranks　of



beauty　according　to　his　character；　and　this　he　makes　his　god；　and



fashions　and　adorns　as　a　sort　of　image　which　he　is　to　fall　down　and



worship。　The　followers　of　Zeus　desire　that　their　beloved　should　have　a



soul　like　him；　and　therefore　they　seek　out　some　one　of　a　philosophical



and　imperial　nature；　and　when　they　have　found　him　and　loved　him；



they　do　all　they　can　to　confirm　such　a　nature　in　him；　and　if　they　have



no　experience　of　such　a　disposition　hitherto；　they　learn　of　any　one



who　can　teach　them；　and　themselves　follow　in　the　same　way。　And　they



have　the　less　difficulty　in　finding　the　nature　of　their　own　god　in



themselves；　because　they　have　been　compelled　to　gaze　intensely　on　him；



their　recollection　clings　to　him；　and　they　become　possessed　of　him；



and　receive　from　him　their　character　and　disposition；　so　far　as　man



can　participate　in　God。　The　qualities　of　their　god　they　attribute　to



the　beloved；　wherefore　they　love　him　all　the　more；　and　if；　like　the



Bacchic　Nymphs；　they　draw　inspiration　from　Zeus；　they　pour　out　their



own　fountain　upon　him；　wanting　to　make　him　as　like　as　possible　to



their　own　god。　But　those　who　are　the　followers　of　Here　seek　a　royal



love；　and　when　they　have　found　him　they　do　just　the　same　with　him；　and



in　like　manner　the　followers　of　Apollo；　and　of　every　other　god　walking



in　the　ways　of　their　god；　seek　a　love　who　is　to　be　made　like　him



whom　they　serve；　and　when　they　have　found　him；　they　themselves　imitate



their　god；　and　persuade　their　love　to　do　the　same；　and　educate　him



into　the　manner　and　nature　of　the　god　as　far　as　they　each　can；　for



no　feelings　of　envy　or　jealousy　are　entertained　by　them　towards



their　beloved；　but　they　do　their　utmost　to　create　in　him　the



greatest　likeness　of　themselves　and　of　the　god　whom　they　honour。



Thus　fair　and　blissful　to　the　beloved　is　the　desire　of　the　inspired



lover；　and　the　initiation　of　which　I　speak　into　the　mysteries　of



true　love；　if　he　be　captured　by　the　lover　and　their　purpose　is



effected。　Now　the　beloved　is　taken　captive　in　the　following　manner：…



　　As　I　said　at　the　beginning　of　this　tale；　I　divided　each　soul　into



three…two　horses　and　a　charioteer；　and　one　of　the　horses　was　good



and　the　other　bad：　the　division　may　remain；　but　I　have　not　yet



explained　in　what　the　goodness　or　badness　of　either　consists；　and　to



that　I　will　proceed。　The　right…hand　horse　is　upright　and　cleanly　made；



he　has　a　lofty　neck　and　an　aquiline　nose；　his　colour　is　white；　and　his



eyes　dark；　he　is　a　lover　of　honour　and　modesty　and　temperance；　and　the



follower　of　true　glory；　he　needs　no　touch　of　the　whip；　but　is　guided



by　word　and　admonition　only。　The　other　is　a　crooked　lumbering



animal；　put　together　anyhow；　he　has　a　short　thick　neck；　he　is



flat…faced　and　of　a　dark　colour；　with　grey　eyes　and　blood…red



complexion；　the　mate　of　insolence　and　pride；　shag…eared　and　deaf；



hardly　yielding　to　whip　and　spur。　Now　when　the　charioteer　beholds



the　vision　of　love；　and　has　his　whole　soul　warmed　through　sense；　and



is　full　of　the　prickings　and　ticklings　of　desire；　the　obedient



steed；　then　as　always　under　the　government　of　shame；　refrains　from



leaping　on　the　beloved；　but　the　other；　heedless　of　the　pricks　and　of



the　blows　of　the　whip；　plunges　and　runs　away；　giving　all　manner　of



trouble　to　his　companion　and　the　charioteer；　whom　he　forces　to



approach　the　beloved　and　to　remember　the　joys　of　love。　They　at　first



indignantly　oppose　him　and　will　not　be　urged　on　to　do　terrible　and



unlawful　deeds；　but　at　last；　when　he　persists　in　plaguing　them；　they



yield　and　agree　to　do　as　he　bids　them。



　　And　now　they　are　at　the　spot　and　behold　the　flashing　beauty　of　the



beloved；　which　when　the　charioteer　sees；　his　memory　is　carried　to



the　true　beauty；　whom　he　beholds　in　company　with　Modesty　like　an　image



placed　upon　a　holy　pedestal。　He　sees　her；　but　he　is　afraid　and　falls



backwards　in　adoration；　and　by　his　fall　is　compelled　to　pull　back



the　reins　with　such　violence　as　to　bring　both　the　steeds　on　their



haunches；　the　one　willing　and　unresisting；　the　unruly　one　very



unwilling；　and　when　they　have　gone　back　a　little；　the　one　is



overcome　with　shame　and　wonder；　and　his　whole　soul　is　bathed　in



perspiration；　the　other；　when　the　pain　is　over　which　the　bridle　and



the　fall　had　given　him；　having　with　difficulty　taken　breath；　is　full



of　wrath　and　reproaches；　which　he　heaps　upon　the　charioteer　and　his



fellow…steed；　for　want　of　courage　and　manhood；　declaring　that　they



have　been　false　to　their　agreement　and　guilty　of　desertion。　Again　they



refuse；　and　again　he　urges　them　on；　and　will　scarce　yield　to　their



prayer　that　he　would　wait　until　another　time。　When　the　appointed



hour　comes；　they　make　as　if　they　had　forgotten；　and　he　reminds　them；



fighting　and　neighing　and　dragging　them　on；　until　at　length　he；　on　the



same　thoughts　intent；　forces　them　to　draw　near　again。　And　when　they



are　near　he　stoops　his　head　and　puts　up　his　tail；　and　takes　the　bit　in



his　teeth。　and　pulls　shamelessly。　Then　the　charioteer　is。　worse　off



than　ever；　he　falls　back　like　a　racer　at　the　barrier；　and　with　a　still



more　violent　wrench　drags　the　bit　out　of　the　teeth　of　the　wild　steed



and　covers　his　abusive　tongue　and…jaws　with　blood；　and　forces　his　legs



and　haunches　to　the　ground　and　punishes　him　sorely。　And　when　this



has　happened　several　times　and　the　villain　has　ceased　from　his



wanton　way；　he　is　tamed　and　humbled；　and　follows　the　will　of　the



charioteer；　and　when　he　sees　the　beautiful　one　he　is　ready　to　die　of



fear。　And　from　that　time　forward　the　soul　of　the　lover　follows　the



beloved　in　modesty　and　holy　fear。



　　And　so　the　beloved　who；　like　a　god；　has　received　every　true　and



loyal　service　from　his　lover；　not　in　pretence　but　in　reality；　being



also　himself　of　a　nature　friendly　to　his　admirer；　if　in　former　days　he



has　blushed　to　own　his　passion　and　turned　away　his　lover；　because



his　youthful　companions　or　others　slanderously　told　him　that　he



would　be　disgraced；　now　as　years　advance；　at　the　appointed　age　and



time；　is　led　to　receive　him　into　communion。　For　fate　which　has



ordained　that　there　shall　be　no　friendship　among　the　evil　has　also



ordained　that　there　shall　ever　be　friendship　among　the　good。　And　the



beloved　when　he　has　received　him　into　communion　and　intimacy；　is　quite



amazed　at　the　good…will　of　the　lover；　he　recognises　that　the



inspired　friend　is　worth　all　other　friends　or　kinsmen；　they　have



nothing　of　friendship　in　them　worthy　to　be　compared　with　his。　And　when



his　feeling　continues　and　he　is　nearer　to　him　and　embraces　him；　in



gymnastic　exercises　and　at　other　times　of　meeting；　then　the　fountain



of　that　stream；　which　Zeus　when　he　was　in　love　with　Ganymede　named



Desire；　overflows　upon　the　lover；　and　some　enters　into　his　soul；　and



some　when　he　is　filled　flows　out　again；　and　as　a　breeze　or　an　echo



rebounds　from　the　smooth　rocks　and　returns　whence　it　came；　so　does　the



stream　of　beauty；　passing　through　the　eyes　which　are　the　windows　of



the　soul；　come　back　to　the　beautiful　one；　there　arriving　and



quickening　the　passages　of　the　wings；　watering。　them　and　inclining



them　to　grow；　and　filling　the　soul　of　the　beloved　also　with　love。



And　thus　he　loves；　but　he　knows　not　what；　he　does　not　understand　and



cannot　explain　his　own　state；　he　appears　to　have　caught　the



infection　of　blindness　from　another；　the　lover　is　his　mirror　in　whom



he　is　beholding　himself；　but　he　is　not　aware　of　this。　When　he　is



with　the　lover；　both　cease　from　their　pain；　but　when　he　is　away　then



he　longs　as　he　is　longed　for；　and　has　love's　image；　love　for　love



（Anteros）　lodging　in　his　breast；　which　he　calls　and　believes　to　be　not



love　but　friendship　only；　and　his　desire　is　as　the　desire　of　the



other；　but　weaker；　he　wants　to　see　him；　touch　him；　kiss　him；　embrace



him；　and　probably　not　long　afterwards　his　desire　is　accomplished。　When



they　meet；　the　wanton　steed　of　the　lover　has　a　word　to　say　to　the



charioteer；　he　would　like　to　have　a　little　pleasure　in　return　for　many



pains；　but　the　wanton　steed　of　the　beloved　says　not　a　word；　for　he



is　bursting　with　passion　which　he　understands　not；…he　throws　his



arms　round　the　lover　and　embraces　him　as　his　dearest　friend；　and；　when



they　are　side　by　side；　he　is　not　in　it　state　in　which　he　can　refuse



the　lover　anything；　if　he　ask　him；　although　his　fellow…steed　and　the



charioteer　oppose　him　with　the　arguments　of　shame　and　reason。



　　After　this　their　happiness　depends　upon　their　self…control；　if　the



better　elements　of　the　mind　which　lead　to　order　and　philosophy



prevail；　then　they　pass　their　life　here　in　happiness　and



harmony…masters　of　themselves　and　orderly…enslaving　the　vicious　and



emancipating　the　virtuous　elements　of　the　soul；　and　when　the　end



comes；　they　are　light　and　winged　for　flight；　having　conquered　in　one



of　the　three　heavenly　or　truly　Olympian　victories；　nor　can　human



discipline　or　divine　inspiration　confer　any　greater　blessing　on　man



than　this。　If；　on　the　other　hand；　they　leave　philosophy　and　lead　the



lower　life　of　ambition；　then　probably；　after　wine　or　in　some　other



careless　hour；　the　two　wanton　animals　take　the　two　souls　when　off



their　guard　and　bring　them　together；　and　they　accomplish　that　desire



of　their　hearts　which　to　the　many　is　bliss；　and　this　having　once



enjoyed　they　continue　to　enjoy；　yet　rarely　because　they　have　not　the



approval　of　the　whole　soul。　They　too　are　dear；　but　not　so　dear　to



one　another　as　the　others；　either　at　the　time　of　their　love　or



afterwards。　They　consider　that　they　have　given　and　taken　from　each



other　the　most　sacred　pledges；　and　they　may　not　break　them　and　fall



into　enmity。　At　last　they　pass　out　of　the　body；　unwinged；　but　eager　to



soar；　and　thus　obtain　no　mean　reward　of　love　and　madness。　For　those



who　have　once　begun　the　heavenward　pilgrimage　may　not　go　down　again　to



darkness　and　the　journey　beneath　the　earth；　but　they　live　in　light



always；　happy　companions　in　their　pilgrimage；　and　when　the　time



comes　at　which　they　receive　their　wings　they　have　the　same　plumage



because　of　their　love。



　　Thus　great　are　the　heavenly　ble