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a discourse of coin and coinage-µÚ17ÕÂ

С˵£º a discourse of coin and coinage ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



raising¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡when¡¡our¡¡Neighbours¡¡raise¡¡theirs¡¡do¡¡bring
with¡¡it£»¡¡or¡¡if¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡raise¡¡again¡¡as¡¡they¡¡shall¡¡raise¡¡theirs£»
then¡¡all¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡this¡¡troublesome¡¡Reduction¡¡will¡¡be£»¡¡That
we¡¡shall¡¡yet¡¡be¡¡three¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡longer¡¡ere¡¡we¡¡do¡¡grow¡¡to¡¡so
great¡¡a¡¡diminution¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Intrinsical¡¡value¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Moneys£»¡¡as¡¡we
do¡¡at¡¡this¡¡present¡¡undergo¡£

Chapter¡¡21

Of¡¡raising¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Neighbours

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Others¡¡do¡¡propound¡¡a¡¡clean¡¡contrary¡¡course¡¡to¡¡this¡¡Reduction
of¡¡the¡¡Moneys¡¡to¡¡the¡¡antient¡¡values£»¡¡For¡¡they¡¡would¡¡have¡¡us¡¡to
observe¡¡precisely¡¡the¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡Money¡¡by¡¡our
Neighbours£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡not¡¡to¡¡preceed¡¡them£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡least¡¡to¡¡follow
them¡¡immediately¡£¡¡And¡¡for¡¡this¡¡purpose¡¡they¡¡insist¡¡upon¡¡two¡¡main
Arguments¡£¡¡The¡¡one¡¡drawn¡¡from¡¡Example£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡from¡¡Reason£º¡¡for
say¡¡they£»¡¡If¡¡we¡¡do¡¡observe¡¡those¡¡States£»¡¡which¡¡do¡¡soonest¡¡and
most¡¡raise¡¡their¡¡Money£»¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡find¡¡that¡¡they¡¡do¡¡most¡¡abound
with¡¡Money£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Trades¡¡and¡¡Manufacturers¡¡do¡¡most¡¡flourish
there¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡Example£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡Provinces£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Arch¡­Dukes
Country£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Hanns¡¡Towns£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡do¡¡confirm¡¡their¡¡instance
by¡¡this¡¡reason£»¡¡Forrein¡¡Nations¡¡when¡¡they¡¡raise¡¡their¡¡Moneys£»¡¡do
thereby¡¡make¡¡them¡¡of¡¡less¡¡Intrinsical¡¡value£»¡¡than¡¡they¡¡are
reputed¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡Example£»¡¡Three¡¡pounds¡¡two¡¡shillings¡¡sterling£»¡¡is
reputed¡¡equal¡¡with¡¡five¡¡pounds¡¡six¡¡shillings¡¡Flemish£»¡¡and
peradventure¡¡when¡¡the¡¡pound¡¡sterling¡¡was¡¡first¡¡cut¡¡into¡¡62s¡¡they
were¡¡equal¡¡in¡¡intrinsical¡¡value£»¡¡but¡¡now¡¡by¡¡the¡¡raising¡¡of
Moneys£»¡¡this¡¡five¡¡pounds¡¡six¡¡shillings¡¡Flemish£»¡¡say¡¡they£»
contains¡¡in¡¡intrinsical¡¡value¡¡no¡¡more¡¡than¡¡two¡¡pounds¡¡sixteen
shillings¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡again£»¡¡say¡¡they£»¡¡The¡¡Ryall¡¡of¡¡eight¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Rix¡¡Dollar
are¡¡both¡¡of¡¡them¡¡reputed¡¡equal¡¡to¡¡five¡¡shillings¡¡sterling£»¡¡but
hold¡¡in¡¡intrinsical¡¡value¡¡less¡¡by¡¡ten¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hundred¡£¡¡Hence£»¡¡£¨say
they£»£©¡¡it¡¡follows£»¡¡That¡¡he¡¡that¡¡bestoweth¡¡here¡¡three¡¡pounds¡¡two
shillings¡¡in¡¡English¡¡Cloth£»¡¡and¡¡sells¡¡it¡¡beyond¡¡Sea¡¡for¡¡five
pounds¡¡six¡¡shillings¡¡Flemish£»¡¡or¡¡for¡¡twelve¡¡Ryalls¡¡of¡¡eight£»¡¡or
twelve¡¡Rix¡­Dollars£»¡¡with¡¡two¡¡shillings£»¡¡maketh¡¡his¡¡accompt¡¡that
he¡¡hath¡¡sold¡¡it¡¡as¡¡dear¡¡as¡¡he¡¡bought¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡whatsoever¡¡he¡¡can
get¡¡more¡¡is¡¡gain¡¡towards¡¡his¡¡hazard£»¡¡his¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡charge£»
and¡¡by¡¡this¡¡means¡¡he¡¡doth¡¡undervalue¡¡the¡¡English¡¡commodity¡¡to¡¡the
loss¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Realm£»¡¡six¡¡shillings¡¡in¡¡three¡¡pound¡¡two¡¡shillings£º
But¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡bestow¡¡his¡¡five¡¡pound¡¡six¡¡shillings
Flemish£»¡¡or¡¡his¡¡twelve¡¡Ryalls¡¡of¡¡eight£»¡¡or¡¡Rix¡­Dollars£»¡¡and¡¡two
shillings¡¡in¡¡Forrein¡¡Commodities£»¡¡he¡¡makes¡¡his¡¡Accompt¡¡that¡¡he
sells¡¡them¡¡not¡¡here¡¡for¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡they¡¡cost¡¡him£»¡¡except¡¡he¡¡have
for¡¡them¡¡three¡¡pound¡¡two¡¡shillings¡¡sterling£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡he
overvalues¡¡to¡¡us¡¡the¡¡forrein¡¡Commodities¡¡by¡¡six¡¡shillings¡¡in
three¡¡pound¡¡two¡¡shillings£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡means¡¡the¡¡Realm¡¡in¡¡general¡¡is
impoverished£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡Merchant¡¡in¡¡his¡¡particular¡¡saves¡¡himself£»
for¡¡what¡¡is¡¡lost¡¡to¡¡him¡¡by¡¡the¡¡undervalue¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English
Commodities¡¡is¡¡again¡¡made¡¡good¡¡unto¡¡him¡¡by¡¡the¡¡over¡­value¡¡of¡¡the
forrein¡¡Commodities¡£¡¡And¡¡hence¡¡it¡¡follows¡¡that¡¡our¡¡Money¡¡wasts£»
our¡¡Manufactures¡¡decay£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡Money¡¡and¡¡Manufactures¡¡do
increase¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡objections¡¡made¡¡against¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡Moneys£»¡¡they
say£»¡¡They¡¡are¡¡not¡¡considerable¡¡in¡¡comparison¡¡of¡¡the¡¡benefits£»¡¡for
so¡¡as¡¡Trade¡¡and¡¡Manufactures¡¡may¡¡flourish¡¡and¡¡Money¡¡abound£»¡¡what
imports¡¡it¡¡though¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡things¡¡do¡¡rise£»¡¡when¡¡as¡¡every¡¡man
as¡¡he¡¡pays¡¡more£»¡¡so¡¡he¡¡shall¡¡receive¡¡more£º¡¡as¡¡for¡¡the¡¡King's
loss£»¡¡he¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡otherwise¡¡recompenced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Riches¡¡of¡¡the
Subjects¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡to¡¡come¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Examination¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Proposition¡¡and¡¡the
Reasons¡¡made¡¡for¡¡it¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡First£»¡¡these¡¡valuations¡¡laid¡¡down¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Money¡¡in¡¡comparison
with¡¡Flemish¡¡Money¡¡and¡¡Ryalls¡¡and¡¡Dollars£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡foundation¡¡of
this¡¡Proposition¡¡is¡¡very¡¡uncertain£»¡¡for¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true£»¡¡that¡¡as¡¡I
have¡¡heard¡¡in¡¡publick¡¡conference¡¡upon¡¡thee¡¡occasions£»¡¡divers
Merchants¡¡of¡¡great¡¡worth¡¡and¡¡experience¡¡to¡¡affirm¡¡these
valuations£»¡¡so¡¡I¡¡have¡¡heard¡¡others¡¡of¡¡as¡¡great¡¡worth¡¡and
experience¡¡to¡¡deny¡¡them£»¡¡affirming¡¡that¡¡they¡¡knew¡¡none¡¡other
valuation¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Money¡¡with¡¡forrein£»¡¡but¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the
Intrinsical¡¡value¡¡of¡¡either¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¡And¡¡by¡¡the¡¡last¡¡Placcard¡¡of
the¡¡Low¡¡Countries£»¡¡the¡¡English¡¡shilling¡¡is¡¡made¡¡current¡¡for¡¡one
shilling¡¡nine¡¡pence¡¡Flemish£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡accompt¡¡three¡¡pound¡¡two
shillings¡¡English¡¡will¡¡make¡¡five¡¡pound¡¡eight¡¡shillings¡¡and¡¡six
pence¡¡Flemish¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡admitting¡¡the¡¡valuations¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡set¡¡down¡¡in¡¡the
Proposition£»¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡will¡¡appear£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡meer¡¡Sophism£»¡¡for¡¡the
truth¡¡is£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡set¡¡down¡¡in¡¡a¡¡former¡¡Chapter£»¡¡That¡¡silver¡¡is
higher¡¡valued¡¡in¡¡France¡¡and¡¡England£»¡¡than¡¡in¡¡Spain£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the
Low¡¡Countries¡¡than¡¡in¡¡either¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Hanns¡¡Towns¡¡than
in¡¡the¡¡Low¡¡Countries£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡still¡¡higher£»¡¡the¡¡further¡¡Eastward£º
But¡¡of¡¡gold¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡so£º¡¡and¡¡upon¡¡an¡¡exact¡¡computation¡¡it¡¡will
be¡¡found£»¡¡That¡¡Gold¡¡is¡¡higher¡¡valued¡¡in¡¡England¡¡than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Low
Countries£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡a¡¡pound¡¡of¡¡fine¡¡gold¡¡reduced¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Riders
of¡¡the¡¡Low¡¡Countries£»¡¡makes¡¡but¡¡forty¡¡five¡¡Guilders£»¡¡and¡¡seven
Stivers£»¡¡and¡¡allowing¡¡ten¡¡Stivers¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡for¡¡twelve¡¡pence
English£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡made¡¡current¡¡by¡¡the¡¡last¡¡Placcard£»¡¡there¡¡the
said¡¡sum¡¡amounts¡¡in¡¡sterling¡¡Money¡¡but¡¡to¡¡forty¡¡three¡¡pound
thirteen¡¡shillings¡¡and¡¡a¡¡penny£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡pound¡¡of¡¡Gold¡¡fine¡¡makes¡¡in
twenty¡¡two¡¡shilling¡¡pieces£»¡¡forty¡¡four¡¡pound£»¡¡eight¡¡shillings
four¡¡pence¡¡sterling£»¡¡which¡¡reduced¡¡into¡¡Guilders¡¡after¡¡the¡¡former
accompt¡¡makes¡¡446¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half£»¡¡so¡¡as¡¡the¡¡pound¡¡in¡¡fine¡¡Gold¡¡is
valued¡¡in¡¡Jacobus¡¡pieces£»¡¡at¡¡8¡¡Guilders¡¡two¡¡Stivers¡¡and¡¡one¡¡half
more¡¡than¡¡in¡¡Riders£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡English¡¡Money¡¡is¡¡valued¡¡at¡¡fifteen
shillings¡¡three¡¡pence¡¡more¡¡in¡¡Jacobus's¡¡than¡¡in¡¡Riders£»¡¡so¡¡then
it¡¡follows£»¡¡that¡¡if¡¡England¡¡do¡¡loose¡¡any¡¡thing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡true¡¡price
of¡¡her¡¡Commodities¡¡because¡¡Silver¡¡is¡¡higher¡¡valued¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Low
Countries¡¡than¡¡in¡¡England£»¡¡England¡¡gains¡¡again¡¡in¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of
her¡¡Commodities£»¡¡because¡¡Gold¡¡is¡¡higher¡¡valued¡¡in¡¡England¡¡than¡¡in
the¡¡Low¡¡Countries¡£¡¡Besides¡¡all¡¡which¡¡none¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Objections¡¡made
against¡¡this¡¡Proposition¡¡are¡¡answered£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡elevated£»¡¡and¡¡it
is¡¡manifest£»¡¡that¡¡all¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡Money¡¡shall¡¡be
continually¡¡oppressed¡¡with¡¡this¡¡continual¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡Money£»¡¡and
if¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡still¡¡vie¡¡one¡¡upon¡¡another¡¡who¡¡shall¡¡raise¡¡highest£»
in¡¡the¡¡End¡¡the¡¡Matter¡¡must¡¡necessarily¡¡come¡¡to¡¡a¡¡Confusion¡£

Chapter¡¡22

Of¡¡introducing¡¡two¡¡different¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Money

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Difficulties¡¡and¡¡Debate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡former¡¡Proposition¡¡have
produced¡¡this£»¡¡set¡¡down¡¡in¡¡the¡¡title¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Chapter£º¡¡For¡¡if¡¡to
let¡¡our¡¡Money¡¡stand¡¡still¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡condition£»¡¡when¡¡our
Neighbours¡¡do¡¡raise¡¡theirs£»¡¡be¡¡a¡¡means¡¡to¡¡drain¡¡away¡¡our¡¡own
Money¡¡from¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡divert¡¡that¡¡increase¡¡of¡¡Stock¡¡which
otherwise¡¡should¡¡come¡¡unto¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡consequently¡¡occasion¡¡the
decay¡¡of¡¡our¡¡own¡¡Trades¡¡and¡¡Manufactures£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡increase¡¡of
Forrein£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡former¡¡Propositions¡¡hath¡¡been¡¡disputed£»¡¡Then
it¡¡were¡¡good¡¡to¡¡raise¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡when¡¡our¡¡Neighbours¡¡raise
theirs¡£¡¡But¡¡if¡¡this¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡do¡¡introduced¡¡an¡¡unjust
Oppression¡¡to¡¡all¡¡those£»¡¡who¡¡do¡¡live¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Rents¡¡of¡¡their
Lands£»¡¡upon¡¡Pensions£»¡¡upon¡¡Fees£»¡¡upon¡¡Wages£»¡¡or¡¡otherwise¡¡upon
any¡¡other¡¡Reward¡¡of¡¡their¡¡Industry£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡most¡¡of¡¡all¡¡disables
the¡¡King£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡doth¡¡threaten¡¡an¡¡extream¡¡Confusion¡¡and
Disorder£»¡¡then¡¡is¡¡this¡¡good¡¡of¡¡Raising¡¡so¡¡allayed¡¡with¡¡the¡¡evil
that¡¡followeth¡¡it£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡were¡¡as¡¡good¡¡if¡¡not¡¡better¡¡to¡¡be
without¡¡it£º¡¡From¡¡these¡¡Considerations¡¡hath¡¡this¡¡Proposition
risen£»¡¡by¡¡which£»¡¡the¡¡Authors¡¡thereof¡¡do¡¡presume£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡may¡¡both
raise¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡as¡¡we¡¡find¡¡occasion¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡not¡¡raise£»¡¡though
they¡¡seem¡¡contradictory£º¡¡and¡¡we¡¡receive¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Benefits£»¡¡which
the¡¡raising¡¡of¡¡Money¡¡doth¡¡bring¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡avoid¡¡all¡¡the
Inconveniences¡¡which¡¡are¡¡alledged¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡it¡£¡¡Now¡¡the
Propositions¡¡which¡¡have¡¡been¡¡made¡¡in¡¡this¡¡kind£»¡¡both¡¡here¡¡and¡¡in
other¡¡parts¡¡are¡¡very¡¡many£»¡¡and¡¡differing¡¡one¡¡from¡¡another¡¡in
their¡¡Proportions£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡some¡¡other¡¡subtile¡¡and¡¡by
considerations£»¡¡which¡¡if¡¡they¡¡should¡¡be¡¡set¡¡down¡¡in¡¡particular£»
would¡¡much¡¡perplex¡¡the¡¡Subject¡£¡¡I¡¡will¡¡therefore¡¡by¡¡supposition
set¡¡down¡¡a¡¡Proposition¡¡in¡¡a¡¡plain¡¡and¡¡easie¡¡Proportion¡¡for¡¡the
more¡¡ready¡¡apprehension¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Reader¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡Example£»¡¡Suppose¡¡the¡¡King¡¡should¡¡coin¡¡new¡¡twenty
shilling¡¡pieces£»¡¡which¡¡should¡¡hold¡¡in¡¡intrinsical¡¡value¡¡but
eighteen¡¡shillings¡¡and¡¡four¡¡pence¡¡in¡¡Proportion¡¡to¡¡the¡¡present
Gold£»¡¡and¡¡new¡¡shillings£»¡¡which¡¡should¡¡hold¡¡but¡¡eleven¡¡pence¡¡in
Proportion¡¡to¡¡the¡¡shillings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡standard£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡it
should¡¡be¡¡ordain'd£»¡¡that¡¡all¡¡former¡¡Contracts¡¡already¡¡past£»
should¡¡be¡¡acquitted¡¡in¡¡old¡¡Money£»¡¡or¡¡else¡¡in¡¡new¡¡Money£»¡¡valuing
every¡¡20s¡¡but¡¡at¡¡18s¡¡4d¡¡and¡¡so¡¡in¡¡Proportion¡¡of¡¡lesser¡¡sums£»¡¡but
that¡¡all¡¡new¡¡contracts¡¡should¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡afterwards¡¡in¡¡new¡¡Money£»¡¡or
else¡¡in¡¡old£»¡¡valuing¡¡every¡¡18s¡¡4d¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Money¡¡at¡¡20s¡¡of¡¡the
new¡£¡¡By¡¡this¡¡means£»¡¡say¡¡the¡¡Authors¡¡of¡¡this¡¡proposition£»¡¡we¡¡shall
bring¡¡back¡¡our¡¡own¡¡Money¡¡at¡¡20s¡¡and¡¡drain¡¡away¡¡the¡¡Money¡¡of¡¡our
Neighbours£»¡¡and¡¡trades¡¡and¡¡Manufactures¡¡shall¡¡flourish¡¡in
consequence£»¡¡yet¡¡our¡¡Moneys¡¡are¡¡raised£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡no¡¡man¡¡shall
receive¡¡any¡¡injustice¡¡by¡¡it£»¡¡for¡¡both¡¡the¡¡King¡¡and¡¡all¡¡other
Lords¡¡of¡¡Lands¡¡or¡¡contracted¡¡upon¡¡former¡¡Wages£»¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡in
Money¡¡formerly¡¡current£»¡¡or¡¡else¡¡in¡¡new¡¡proportionable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡old¡£
And¡¡all¡¡those¡¡which¡¡are¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡Money£»¡¡either¡¡out¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own
Industry¡¡or¡¡Labours£»¡¡or¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fruits¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡any
other¡¡means£»¡¡when¡¡they¡¡do¡¡see¡¡that¡¡they¡¡must¡¡contract¡¡for¡¡new
Money£»¡¡apparently£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Proportion¡¡set¡¡down£»¡¡worse
than¡¡the¡¡old£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡help¡¡themselves¡¡by¡¡raising¡¡their¡¡price¡¡in
Proportion¡¡unto¡¡it¡£¡¡There¡¡may¡¡likewise¡¡be¡¡alledged¡¡Examples¡¡for
this¡¡Proposition£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Ireland¡¡when¡¡sterling¡¡Money¡¡and¡¡Irish
Money¡¡are¡¡both¡¡current£»¡¡the¡¡one¡¡a¡¡fourth¡¡worse¡¡than¡¡the¡¡other
without¡¡any¡¡Inconvenience¡£¡¡And¡¡it¡¡seemeth¡¡that¡¡anciently¡¡before
the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡Edward¡¡the¡¡first¡¡in¡¡England£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡Moneys
current¡¡of¡¡several¡¡standards£»¡¡for¡¡although¡¡there¡¡be¡¡a¡¡few¡¡Records
left¡¡of¡¡Mint¡¡matters£»¡¡more¡¡antient¡¡than¡¡Edward¡¡the¡¡Third£»¡¡yet
Anno¡¡sexto¡¡Reg¡£¡¡Johannis¡¡membrana¡¡sptima¡¡Dorso£»¡¡certain¡¡old¡¡Money
of¡¡baser¡¡standard¡¡was¡¡made¡¡current£»¡¡But¡¡so£»¡¡as¡¡no¡¡Jew¡¡or¡¡Merchant
stranger¡¡might¡¡buy¡¡Merchandize£»¡¡or¡¡pay¡¡debts¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡or¡¡any
thing¡¡else£»¡¡£¨but¡¡only¡¡victum¡¡et¡¡vestitum¡¡with¡¡that¡¡old¡¡Money£»£©
but¡¡in¡¡grossa¡¡et¡¡forti¡¡Moneta¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡France£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of
Philip¡¡le¡¡Bell¡¡£¨who¡¡was¡¡contemporant¡¡with¡¡Edward¡¡the¡¡Second£©¡¡it
seemeth¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡used¡¡several¡¡species¡¡of¡¡Money£»¡¡And
Eddicts¡¡were¡¡made¡¡what¡¡Contracts¡¡should¡¡be¡¡acquitted¡¡in¡¡one
species¡¡and¡¡what¡¡in¡¡another¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡I¡¡will¡¡come¡¡now£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡former£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡examination¡¡of
this¡¡Proposition¡£¡¡first£»¡¡the¡¡extreme¡¡Confusion¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be
considered¡¡which¡¡it¡¡will¡¡bring¡¡among¡¡the¡¡People¡¡by¡¡raising
Questions¡¡what¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡in¡¡old¡¡Money¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡paid
in¡¡new¡¡Money¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡lent¡¡Money¡¡before¡¡the¡¡time
appointed¡¡for¡¡the¡¡currency¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Money£»¡¡after¡¡the¡¡day£»
receiveth¡¡interest¡¡for¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡lets¡¡it¡¡run¡¡on£»¡¡Whether¡¡shall
this¡¡be¡¡interpreted¡¡an¡¡old¡¡contract¡¡or¡¡a¡¡new£¿¡¡and¡¡divers¡¡other
Questions¡¡of¡¡like¡¡nature¡¡will¡¡arise¡£¡¡But¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡such
Prudence¡¡were¡¡used¡¡before¡¡hand¡¡as¡¡all¡¡such¡¡Questions¡¡might¡¡be
prevented£»¡¡yet¡¡certainly¡¡the¡¡intricasie¡¡of¡¡the¡¡accounts¡¡between
the¡¡old¡¡Money¡¡and¡¡the¡¡new£»¡¡by¡¡Reason¡¡of¡¡the¡¡confused¡¡Fractio

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